《高三句型讲》PPT课件.ppt

高三语法复习,句子成分&基本句型,句子成分在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语、插入语。,1、主语（subject）：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常是谓语动词的动作执行,主语通常由ThestudentsworkedveryhardTheyarefromAmerica.80%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.TolearnEnglishisverydifficultforus.=ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglish.Swimminginthelakeisdangerous.Whathesaidistrue.,名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、或主语从句担任。,2.谓语动词：说明主语的动作或具有的状态与特征，由动词充当。英语中一个简单句一般只能出现一个谓语动词。构成形式如下：1）简单谓语：ShepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Thewomantakesgoodcareofthebaby.Ihavegotridofsmoking.2）复合谓语形式(1)：Youmaygonow.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearegoingtovisittheoldtowntomorrow.(2)：Itwillbewasted.,由一个动词或动词短语构成。,由情态动词或助动词+动词构成,情态动词+系动词+表语,3、宾语：表示动作承受的对象，宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或宾语从句来担任。分为：找出下列句子中的宾语Heboughtanewcar.Theheavysnowpreventedherfromgoingtoschool.Sheenjoyslisteningtomusic.Idontknowhowtogetthere.Ithinkthatheisoldenoughtojointhearmy.,动宾&介宾,4、宾补：英语中有少数及物动词,或介词后除了接一个宾语外，还必须有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，这样才能使句子的意义完整.可充当宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。找出其中的宾语补足语Thebossmadeuswork14hourseveryday.Wefoundthedoglyingontheground.Wepaintedourhousewhite.WefoundhimkilledthenextmorningYoushouldntleavetheclassroomwiththedooropen.,5.表语是在连系动词之后表示主语性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句担任。,如：Thefootballmatchison.（副词）Allthepupilsareontheplayground.（介词短语）Heseemedsurprisedatthenew.（分词）Thekeyquestionishowweshouldsolvetheproblem.（从句）,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+O1+2（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）s:subjectv:verbP:predicativeo:object(indirect)c:complement,基本句型一：+（主系表）,主系表该句型无被动,系动词分类：1）变化系动词：例：Shebecomesalawyer.Theeggswentbad.2）状态系动词：例：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.3）感官系动词：例：Themilktastessour.Theclothfeelssoft.4）终止性系动词：例：Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.,turn,become,grow,fall,get,go,come,run等,be,seem,remain,stay,stand,keep等,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,appear等,prove,turnout等,补充：therebe句型。be还可换为stand,lie,exit,seem,happen,appear,live,remain等Thereissomewateronthesurfaceofthedesk.Thereissomeonesingingabeautifulsong.,Springcomesandalltreesturngreen.Hestayedawakeallnight.Youdontlookhappy,whatsthematter?Theirplansoundswonderful.Whowilltakechargeofthecompanyisunknown.Whatmademeannoyedwasthathedidntturnupontime.,练习一划分以下句子成分,练习二,作文句式再现,1.勤奋工作是成功的关键。2.快餐食品远不令人满意。3.他们觉得眩晕乏力。4.其他学生反对这个观点。（against）5.它是释放压力的有用方法.6.有部分学生赞同这个观点（agree）。,基本句型二：+（主谓）,2.+（主谓）eg.Thetelephonerang.Hisfathermighthavedied.Weallbreathe,drinkandeat.Westudentsshouldstudyhard.,这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,练习一,划分以下句子成分,注：,1.Wewalkedforfivemiles.2.Thisboxweighsfivekilometers.,3.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.4.Hekepttryinguntildark.5.Whetherwewillhaveapicnicdependsontheweather.6.Makinginformeddecisionsintimecounts.,练习二,作文句式再现,1.绵阳已经发生了巨大变化。2.我们不应该熬夜太晚。3.学生们可以快乐地生活和学习。4.面对失败，他们决不放弃。5.怎么合理地安排时间更重要。（count）,基本句型三：+O（主谓+宾）,主谓+宾这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语。,Sheisreadinganovel.Youmayhaveseeneachother.Shepreferstostayathome.Leavingtheheatingonallthetimewasteselectricity.Whattheydidinfluencedourenvironmentbadly.,练习一划分以下句子成分,1.Thisfactorymakesmachinetools.2.Maryhasorderedanewdress.3.Ihavehadmylunch.4.Doingexerciseeverydaybenefitsyoualot.5.Whateveryousaynowcantmakeupforwhatyouhavedone.,练习二,作文句式再现,1.老师和家长持有不同观点。2.养宠物有许多优点。3.其他人反对网购。（object）4。经营博客将花费许多时间和精力。5.我们应当通过法律去保护有限的水资源。,基本句型四：+O+O（主谓+间宾+直宾）,2,1,主+谓+直宾+间宾谓语为双宾及物动词，其后需跟间接宾语（通常指人）和直接宾语通常指物或事）。,常见的动词有allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause,choose,fetch,find,get,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,post,promise,read,recommend,refuse,render,return,sell,send,show,sing,take,telephone,touch,tell,throw,wish,write等,例：Igavehimthebook.Illreturnyouthedictionarysoon.,注：,有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加相应的介词如“to”，“for”，“of”等,例：Bettygaveherdaughteranapple.Bettygaveanappletoherdaughter.Fatherboughthimabike.Fatherboughtabikeforhim.Pleasepassmethecake.Pleasepassthecaketome.,练习一划分以下句子成分,1.MyfatherboughtmeanMp4.,Katemadetwocardsforherteacher,=Shesellstheshoestocustomers,=,=MyfatherboughtanMp4forme.,4.IwillwriteyoualetterwhenIarrivehome.,=,IwillwritealettertoyouwhenIarrivehome,2.Shesellscustomerstheshoes.,3.Katemadeherteachertwocards.=,练习二,作文句式再现,1.我向你推荐我自己。2.这个节目告诉我们奥运冠军的成长经历。（Olympicchampionships）3.他们给予了我们无私的帮助。4.父母仅仅给子女钱去买早餐。,Irecommendmyselftoyou.TheprogramtellsusthegrowingexperienceoftheOlympicchampionships.Theygiveusunselfishhelp.Parentsjustgivetheirchildrenmoneytobuybreakfast.,基本句型三：+O+C（主谓+宾+宾补）,主谓+宾+宾补该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语，但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语，补足其意义。充当宾语补语的有,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语及分词等,例：Wecallhimafool.Wefoundthehouseempty.Ourneighborsbuilttheirwallhigh.Webelieveyoutobeanhonestman.Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.,补充：常见的带宾补的动词类型有,1.使役动词有：例：,AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Whatwouldyouhavemedo?Hemadetheboyworkingdayandnight.,2.感官动词,have,want,make,get,leave,let等。,see,notice,observe,watch,hear,feel,find,例：IsawthechildplayingbasketballwhenIpassedtheschool.Ioftenseehimplayfootball.,3.其他一些动词如：consider,regard,advise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite等例：Wedontallowsuchthingstohappenagain.,练习一划分以下句子成分,Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.PleaseremindmetoleaveherthisnoteLethimdowhateverhewishestodo.Iheardsomeonescreamingjustnow.Ifeelitanhonortobeinvitedhere.比较,1.Hedidnttellmewherehewas.Hetoldmetostayathome.2.Canyoulendmesomemoney?Wemadehimmonitor.3.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalianWecallhimLaoLi.,结论：,双宾语和复合宾语的区别,1.从成分上看：在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词等名词性成分。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。,例：SheshowedusanewTVset.双宾语）Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed（过去分词）（复合宾语）,2.从句意关系上看在双宾语中，两个宾语都是动作的承受者。宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密。宾语与宾补有主谓关系，可以换成一个主谓结构的句子，（补充说明宾语“是什么，干什么，怎么样”）。,例：SheboughtmesometomatoesSheboughtsometomatoesformeWemadeTommonitor（Tomismonitor）Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful（Ourcountrywillbemorebeautiful）,练习二,作文句式再现,1.和宠物好好相处会使我们的生活充满乐趣。2.好的习惯会使我们精力充沛。3.一旦受骗，人们发现很难投诉。4.我认为通过共同生活去学会共同生活很有意义。5.这