《不定式的用法》PPT课件.ppt

,TheInfinitive,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。肯定形式:todo否定形式:nottodo,1作主语,Tosayisonething.Todoisanother.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.,为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.,1作主语,(1)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.adj.表示事物的特征、特点或客观形式Itswrongtoplaytricksonotherpeople.Itshardforhimtostudytwolanguages.(2)Itis+adj+(ofsb.)+todosth.adj.表示性格、品德或表示主观感情Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme.,1作主语,(3)Itisn.todosthItsourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.,2.作宾语,(1)want,decide,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。WeagreedtostartearlyShewantstobeadoctor,(2)love,like,begin,start,hate,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。likedoing指经常性动作，liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming，butIdontliketoswimnow,(3)Stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。stop，forget，remember，goon，try后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。stoptodosth停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth停止正在做的事。Whentheteachercamein，thestudentsstoppedtalking；whenhecameout，thestudentsstoppedtotalk,思考：forget，remember，goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？,(4)feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep,Sheaskedmetostaythere.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.,(1)动词+宾语+带to的不定式,3.作宾语补足语,常带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:want,allow,ask,expect,tell,teach等.,(2)动词+宾语+省略to的不定式在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Dontmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.ShallIhavehimcomehere?,Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.,但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。,Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybythebossShewasheardtosinginthenextroomHewasseentobreakthewindow.,4.作表语不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容,放在连系动词be后面。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.,5.作定语不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.,如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,6.作状语（1）目的状语:常用的结构todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/suchastodo等。Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.（2）结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.,Imgladtoseeyou.Iamsorrytotroubleyou,（3）原因状语:放在sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。,7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。,Idontknowwhattodonext.Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer.Itsstillaquestionhowtogetthere.,二.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.,Exercise,Dontforget_theletter.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is_necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which,A,B,C,4.Imafraidtheywouldnotallowhim_here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.Mothertoldme_thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought,A,D,B,7.Johnwasmade_thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing8.ThefirstthingIw