外研版高中语法课件动词不定式.ppt

,Module4,SandstormsinAsia,Module4GrammarInfinitive1.不定式的用法2.不定式的时态与语态,1.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnecessaryforacollegestudent.2.Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.,1.作主语,Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.,2.作表语,当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。,Shepromisedtogivehimachance.,3.作宾语,agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等动词后面均可直接跟不定式作宾语。,少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语1.Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.2.Theydidntopentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.,当句子中的主动词为do时,but,except后的动词不定式省去to;cantbut,cantchoosebut,canthelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.,Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.Atthenewsshedidntsayanythingbuttocry.Hecantchoosebutdoit.Theresnothingtodoexcept/butwaittillitstopsraining.,4.作宾语补足语,Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.,A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补。,B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等动词后常接tobe+adj.作宾补。,Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.,Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(04sh)A.causingB.beingC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused,C,C.不定式作补语，可根据需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑问词。,Couldyoutellmehowtorepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhattodowiththesesentencepatterns.,D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作宾补时,不加to,help后可加可不加.,Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshedliketogototheconcert.,5.作主语补足语,Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.,主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语,Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.Hewasheardpractisingsingingasongthistimeyesterday.,6.作后置定语,Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(动宾关系)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位关系),不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词,Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.,7.作目的状语，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。,ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.,8.作结果状语,不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,且不定式前常有only,never,强调惊讶或失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。,Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,causing100deaths.,不定式的复合结构,1.疑问词+不定式的复合结构,Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.,主语,表语,Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.,宾语,宾语补足语,2.带有逻辑主语的结构,Itskindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.Itsimportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.,主语,主语,定语,此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征,此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语,Itis+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.todo,Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.Youarefoolishtosaysuchword.Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.Wearenecessarytolearnourlessonswell.,不定式的时态和语态,todo,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tobedoing,tohavebeendoing,1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。,1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.3.Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.,2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。,1.Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutthismatter.2.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.,3)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。,1.Theboypretendedtobelisteningwhentheteacherlookedathim.2.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.,4)不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之前一直进行，就需要用完成进行式。,1.TheyaresaidtohavebeenworkinginTibetfor20years.,2.Wearehappytohavebeenhelpingeachotherthesedays.,3.Idliketohavebeentoldthenewsearlier.,5)不定式的被动式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。,Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.Ihadtoshouttobeheard.,6)动词不定式的否定由not或never加不定式构成。Trynottobelateagainnexttime.Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain.,不定式近年高考题,Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.(1999)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.(2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(98),toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(2003),muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch,5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(1995),A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,6.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(1997),A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking,7.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海),tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,8._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001),A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002),A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003),A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying,11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002),tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade,12.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.(2003),A.dontmakeB.notmake,C.notmakingD.nottomake,1.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!(2007全国I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving,高考链接,2.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry_youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.(2007上海)A.beingpersuadedB.persuadingC.tobepersuadedD.topersuade,高考链接,3.Myparentshavealwaysmademe_aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(2007江苏)A.feelingwellB.feelinggoodC.feelwellD.feelgood,高考链接,4.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthereforaspaceflight.(2007江西)A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained,高考链接,5.thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecitysgassupplysystemthoroughly.(2007上海春)A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.HavingensuredD.Tohaveensured,高考链接,6.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(2007浙江)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard,高考链接,7.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(2007辽宁)A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break,高考链接,Exercises,1.Thewilltolivehelpsapatient_.A.torecoverB.todieC.recoveringD.dying2.Lifeis_shorttowaste.A.toB.tooC.twoD.twice3.Itsnotgood_amantobealone.A.toB.ofC.forD.with4.It_thewholelifetolearnhowtolive.A.takeB.tookC.takenD.takes,A,B,C,D,5.Whatajoy_istoswiminthisbigriver!A.itsB.itsC.itD.itself6.Theyhaventdecided_togo.A.whereB.whatC.whateverD.weather7.Motherallowshim_theTVplayafterhehasfinishedhishomework.A.seeingB.towatchC.watchD.watching,C,A,B,8.Wouldyoube_toopenawindow?A.enoughkindB.kindlyenoughC.enoughD.kindenough9.Hetried_butsherefused_.A.toexplain;tolistenB.toexplain;listeningC.explaining;tolistenD.explaining;listening10.Johniseasy_.A.togetalongB.tobegotalongC.togetonwithD.tobegotonwith,D,A,C,11.Theydontallowthesebooks_outofthereadingroom.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobringD.tobebrought12.Theresnochoicebut_tillitstopsraining.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait13.Thepickpocketwasobserved_themanswallet.A.takeB.takenC.tookD.totake,B,D,D,14.Heissaid_abroad.A.tohavebeensentB.tohavesentC.havebeensentD.havesent15.Whentheteacherpassedhim,hepretended_thenovel.A.nottobereadingB.nottobeseeingC.tobenotreadingD.tobenotseeing16.Andrewwasthesecondperson_.A.tointerviewB.interviewingB.interviewD.tobeinterviewed,A,A,D,17.Itwas_ofyoutogiveupwhatyourightlyowned.A.foolishlyB.foolishC.impoliteD.cleverly18.Iprefer_ratherthan_alongchatwithhim.A.todosomereading,haveB.read,tohaveC.dosomereading,tohaveD.toread,have19.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_.A.sitB.besatC.besatonD.siton,B,A,D,20.Mrs.Greenwarnsherdaughter_afterdrinking.A.toneverdriveB.neverdriveC.nevertodriveD.neverdriving21.Thehouses_arefortheteachersandconstructionworkwillsoonstart.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt,C,B,22.Themissinggirlwaslastseen_inthatshop