Renunciation Speech.doc

演讲稿 renunciation speech lyndonbainesjohnson:renunciationspeechgoodevening,myfellowamericans:tonightiwanttospeaktoyouofpeaceinvietnamandsoutheastasia.nootherquestionsopreoccupiesourpeople.nootherdreamsoabsorbsthe250millionhumanbeingswholiveinthatpartoftheworld.noothergoalmotivatesamericanpolicyinsoutheastasia.foryears,representativesofourgovernmentsandothershavetraveledtheworldseekingtofindabasisforpeacetalks.sincelastseptembertheyhavecarriedtheofferthatimadepublicatsanantonio.andthatofferwasthis:thattheunitedstateswouldstopitsbombardmentofnorthvietnamwhenthatwouldleadpromptlytoproductivediscussions-andthatwewouldassumethatnorthvietnamwouldnottakemilitaryadvantageofourrestraint. hanoidenouncedthisoffer,bothprivatelyandpublicly.evenwhilethesearchforpeacewasgoingon,northvietnamrushedtheirpreparationsforasavageassaultonthepeople,thegovernment,andthealliesofsouthvietnam.theirattack-duringthetetholidays-failedtoachieveitsprincipalobjectives.itdidnotcollapsetheelectedgovernmentofsouthvietnamorshatteritsarmy-asthecommunistshadhoped.itdidnotproduceageneraluprisingamongthepeopleofthecities,astheyhadpredicted.thecommunistswereunabletomaintaincontrolofanyofthemorethan30citiesthattheyattacked.andtheytookveryheavycasualties.buttheydidpelthesouthvietnameseandtheiralliestomovecertainforcesfromthecountrysideintothecities.theycausedwidespreaddisruptionandsuffering.theirattacks,andthebattlesthatfollowed,maderefugeesofhalfamillionhumanbeings.thecommunistsmayrenewtheirattackanyday.theyare,itappears,tryingtomake1968theyearofdecisioninsouthvietnam-theyearthatbrings,ifnotfinalvictoryordefeat,atleastaturningpointinthestruggle.thismuchisclear:iftheydomountanotherroundofheavyattacks,theywillnotsucceedindestroyingthefightingpowerofsouthvietnamanditsallies.buttragically,thisisalsoclear:manymen-onbothsidesofthestruggle-willbelost.anationthathasalreadysuffered20yearsofwarfarewillsufferonceagain.armiesonbothsideswilltakenewcasualties.andthewarwillgoon.thereisnoneedforthistobeso.thereisnoneedtodelaythetalksthatcouldbringanendtothislongandthisbloodywar.tonight,irenewtheofferimadelastaugust:tostopthebombardmentofnorthvietnam.weaskthattalksbeginpromptly,thattheybeserioustalksonthesubstanceofpeace.weassumethatduringthosetalkshanoiwillnottakeadvantageofourrestraint.wearepreparedtomoveimmediatelytowardpeacethroughnegotiations.sotonight,inthehopethatthisactionwillleadtoearlytalks,iamtakingthefirststeptode-escalatetheconflict.wearereducing-substantiallyreducing-thepresentlevelofhostilities,andwearedoingsounilaterallyandatonce.tonight,ihaveorderedouraircraftandournavalvesselstomakenoattacksonnorthvietnam,exceptintheareanorthofthedemilitarizedzonewherethecontinuingenemybuildupdirectlythreatensalliedforwardpositionsandwherethemovementsoftheirtroopsandsuppliesareclearlyrelatedtothatthreat.theareainwhichwearestoppingourattacksincludesalmost90percentofnorthvietnamspopulation,andmostofitsterritory.thus,therewillbenoattacksaroundtheprincipalpopulatedareas,orinthefood-producingareasofnorthvietnam.eventhisverylimitedbombingofthenorthcouldetoanearlyend-ifourrestraintismatchedbyrestraintinhanoi.buticannotingoodconsciencestopallbombingsolongastodosowouldimmediatelyanddirectlyendangerthelivesofourmenandourallies.whetherapletebombinghaltbeespossibleinthefuturewillbedeterminedbyevents.ourpurposeinthisactionistobringaboutareductioninthelevelofviolencethatnowexists.itistosavethelivesofbravemen-andtosavethelivesofinnocentwomenandchildren.itistopermitthecontendingforcestomoveclosertoapoliticalsettlement.andtonighticallupontheunitedkingdomandicalluponthesovietunion-asco-chairmenofthegenevaconferences,andaspermanentmembersoftheunitednationssecuritycouncil-todoalltheycantomovefromtheunilateralactofde-escalationthatihavejustannouncedtowardgenuinepeaceinsoutheastasia.now,asinthepast,theunitedstatesisreadytosenditsrepresentativestoanyforum,atanytime,todiscussthemeansofbringingthisuglywartoanend.iamdesignatingoneofourmostdistinguishedamericans,ambassadoraverellharriman,asmypersonalrepresentativeforsuchtalks.inaddition,ihaveaskedambassadorllewellynthompson,whoreturnedfrommoscowforconsultation,tobeavailabletojoinambassadorharrimanatgenevaoranyothersuitableplace-justassoonashanoiagreestoaconference.icalluponpresidenthochiminhtorespondpositively,andfavorably,tothisnewsteptowardpeace.butifpeacedoesnotenowthroughnegotiations,itwillewhenhanoiunderstandsthatourmonresolveisunshakable,andourmonstrengthisinvincible.tonight,weandtheotheralliednationsarecontributing600,000fightingmentoassist700,000southvietnamesetroopsindefendingtheirlittlecountry.ourpresencetherehasalwaysrestedonthisbasicbelief:themainburdenofpreservingtheirfreedommustbecarriedoutbythem-bythesouthvietnamesethemselves.weandouralliescanonlyhelptoprovideashieldbehindwhichthepeopleofsouthvietnamcansurviveandcangrowanddevelop.ontheirefforts-ontheirdeterminationsandresourcefulness-theoutewillultimatelydepend.thatsmall,beleaguerednationhassufferedterriblepunishmentformorethan20years.ipaytributeonceagaintonighttothegreatcourageandtheenduranceofitspeople.southvietnamsupportsarmedforcestonightofalmost700,000men,andicallyourattentiontothefactthatthatistheequivalentofmorethan10millioninourownpopulation.itspeoplemaintaintheirfirmdeterminationtobefreeofdominationbythenorth.therehasbeensubstantialprogress,ithink,inbuildingadurablegovernmentduringtheselastthreeyears.thesouthvietnamof1965couldnothavesurvivedtheenemystetoffensiveof1968.theelectedgovernmentofsouthvietnamsurvivedthatattack-andisrapidlyrepairingthedevastationthatitwrought.thesouthvietnameseknowthatfurthereffortsaregoingtoberequiredtoexpandtheirownarmedforces;tomovebackintothecountrysideasquicklyaspossible;toincreasetheirtaxes;toselecttheverybestmenthattheyhaveforcivilandmilitaryresponsibilities;toachieveanewunitywithintheirconstitutionalgovernment,andtoincludeinthenationaleffortallthosegroupswhowishtopreservesouthvietnamscontroloveritsowndestiny.lastweekpresidentthieuorderedthemobilizationof135,000additionalsouthvietnamese.heplanstoreachassoonaspossibleatotalmilitarystrengthofmorethan800,000men.toachievethis,thegovernmentofsouthvietnamstartedthedraftingof19-year-oldsonmarch1st.onmay1st,thegovernmentwillbeginthedraftingof18-year-olds.lastmonth,10,000menvolunteeredformilitaryservice.thatwastwoandahalftimesthenumberofvolunteersduringthesamemonthlastyear.sincethemiddleofjanuary,morethan48,000southvietnamesehavejoinedthearmedforces,andnearlyhalfofthemvolunteeredtodoso.allmeninthesouthvietnamesearmedforceshavehadtheirtoursofdutyextendedforthedurationofthewar,andreservesarenowbeingcalledupforimmediateactiveduty.presidentthieutoldhispeoplelastweek,andiquote:wemustmakegreaterefforts,wemustacceptmoresacrifices,becauseasihavesaidmanytimes,thisisourcountry.theexistenceofournationisatstake,andthisismainlyavietnameseresponsibility. hewarnedhispeoplethatamajornationaleffortisrequiredtorootoutcorruptionandinpetenceatalllevelsofgovernment.weapplaudthisevidenceofdeterminationonthepartofsouthvietnam.ourfirstprioritywillbetosupporttheireffort.weshallacceleratethere-equipmentofsouthvietnamsarmedforcesinordertomeettheenemysincreasedfirepower.andthiswillenablethemprogressivelytoundertakealargershareofbatoperationsagainstthecommunistinvaders. onmanyoccasionsihavetoldtheamericanpeoplethatwewouldsendtovietnamthoseforcesthatarerequiredtoacplishourmissionthere.sowiththatasourguidewehavepreviouslyauthorizedaforcelevelofapproximately525,000.someweeksagotohelpmeettheenemysnewoffensivewesenttovietnamabout11,000additionalmarineandairbornetroops.theyweredeployedbyairin48hoursonanemergencybasis.buttheartilleryandthetankandtheaircraftandmedicalandotherunitsthatwereneededtoworkwithandsupporttheseinfantrytroopsinbatcouldnotthenacpanythembyaironthatshortnotice. inorderthattheseforcesmayreachmaximumbateffectiveness,thejointchiefsofstaffhaveremendedtomethatweshouldpreparetosendduringthenextfivemonthsthesupporttroopstotalingapproximately13,500men.aportionofthesemenwillbemadeavailablefromouractiveforces.thebalancewillefromreserveponentunits,whichwillbecalledupforservice. theactionsthatwehavetakensincethebeginningoftheyeartore-equipthesouthvietnameseforces;tomeetourresponsibilitiesinkorea,aswellasourresponsibilitiesinvietnam;tomeetpriceincreasesandthecostofactivatinganddeployingthesereserveforces;toreplacehelicoptersandprovidetheothermilitarysuppliesweneed,alloftheseactionsaregoingtorequireadditionalexpenditures.thetentativeestimateofthoseadditionalexpendituresis21/2billiondollarsinthisfiscalyearand2billion,600millioninthenextfiscalyear.theseprojectedincreasesinexpendituresforournationalsecuritywillbringintosharperfocusthenationsneedforimmediateaction,actiontoprotecttheprosperityoftheamericanpeopleandtoprotectthestrengthandthestabilityofouramericandollar. onmanyoccasionsihavepointedoutthatwithoutataxbillordecreasedexpenditures,nextyearsdeficitwouldagainbearound$20billion.ihaveemphasizedtheneedtosetstrictprioritiesinourspending.ihavestressedthatfailuretoact-andtoactpromptlyanddecisively-wouldraiseverystrongdoubtsthroughouttheworldaboutamericaswillingnesstokeepitsfinancialhouseinorder. yetcongresshasnotacted.andtonightwefacethesharpestfinancialthreatinthepostwarera-athreattothedollarsroleasthekeystoneofinternationaltradeandfinanceintheworld. lastweek,atthemonetaryconferenceinstockholm,themajorindustrialcountriesdecidedtotakeabigsteptowardcreatinganewinternationalmonetaryassetthatwillstrengthentheinternationalmonetarysystem.andimveryproudoftheveryableworkdonebysecretaryfowlerandchairmanmartinofthefederalreserveboard.buttomakethissystemwork,theunitedstatesjustmustbringitsbalanceofpaymentsto-orverycloseto-equilibrium.wemusthavearesponsiblefiscalpolicyinthiscountry.thepassageofataxbillnow,togetherwithexpenditurecontrolthatthecongressmaydesireanddictate,isabsolutelynecessarytoprotectthisnationssecurity,andtocontinueourprosperity,andtomeettheneedsofourpeople. now,whatisatstakeissevenyearsofunparalleledprosperity.inthosesevenyears,therealineoftheaverageamerican,aftertaxes,rosebyalmost30percent-againaslargeasthatoftheentirepreceding19years.sothestepsthatwemusttaketoconvincetheworldareexactlythestepsthatwemusttaketosustainourowneconomicstrengthhereathome.inthepasteightmonths,pricesandinterestrateshaverisenbecauseofourinaction.wemustthereforenowdoeverythingwecantomovefromdebatetoaction,fromtalkingtovotingandthereis,ibelieve-ihopethereis-inbothhousesofthecongressagrowingsenseofurgencythatthissituationjustmustbeacteduponandmustbecorrected. mybudgetinjanuary,wethought,wasatightone.itfullyreflectedourevaluationofmostofthedemandingneedsofthisnation.butinthesebudgetarymatters,thepresidentdoesnotdecidealone.thecongresshasthepower,andtheduty,todetermineappropriationsandtaxes.andthecongressisnowconsideringourproposals,andtheyareconsideringreductionsinthebudgetthatwesubmitted. aspartofaprogramoffiscalrestraintthatincludesthetaxsurcharge,ishallapproveappropriatereductionsinthejanuarybudgetwhenandifcongresssodecidesthatthatshouldbedone.onethingisunmistakablyclear,however.ourdeficitjustmustbereduced.failuretoactcouldbringonconditionsthatwouldstrikehardestatthosepeoplethatallofusaretryingsohardtohelp sothesetimescallforprudenceinthislandofplenty.andibelievethatwehavethecharactertoprovideit,andtonightipleadwiththecongressandwiththepeopletoactpromptlytoservethenationalinterestandtherebyserveallofourpeople. nowletmegiveyoumyestimateofthechancesforpeace-thepeacethatwillonedaystopthebloodshedinsouthvietnam;thatwill-allthevietnamesepeoplewillbepermittedtorebuildanddeveloptheirland;thatwillpermitustoturnmorefullytoourowntaskshereathome.icannotpromisethattheinitiativethatihaveannouncedtonightwillbepletelysuccessfulinachievingpeaceanymorethanthe30othersthatwehaveundertakenandagreedtoinrecentyears.butitisourferventhopethatnorthvietnam,afteryearsoffightingthathaslefttheissueunresolved,willnowceaseitseffortstoachieveamilitaryvictoryandwilljoinwithusinmovingtowardthepeacetable. andtheremayeatimewhensouthvietnamese-onbothsides-areabletoworkoutawaytosettletheirowndifferencesbyfreepoliticalchoiceratherthanbywar.ashanoiconsidersitscourse,itshouldbeinnodoubtofourintentions.itmustnotmiscalculatethepressureswithinourdemocracyinthiselectionyear.wehavenointentionofwideningthiswar.buttheunitedstateswillneveracceptafakesolutiontothislongandarduousstruggleandcallitpeace. noonecanforetelltheprecisetermsofaneventualsettlement.ourobjectiveinsouthvietnamhasneverbeentheannihilationoftheenemy.ithasbeentobringaboutarecognitioninhanoithatitsobjective-takingoverthesouthbyforce-couldnotbeachieved.wethinkthatpeacecanbebasedonthegenevaaccordsof1954,underpoliticalconditionsthatpermitthesouthvietnamese-allthesouthvietnamese-tocharttheircoursefreeofanyoutsidedominationorinterference,fromusorfromanyoneelse. sotonight,ireaffirmthepledgethatwemadeatmanila:thatwearepreparedtowithdrawourforcesfromsouthvietnamastheothersidewithdrawsitsforcestothenorth,stopstheinfiltration,andthelevelofviolencethussubsides.ourgoalofpeaceandself-determinationinvietnamisdirectlyrelatedtothefutureofallofsoutheastasia,wheremuchhashappenedtoinspireconfidenceduringthepast10years.andwehavedoneallthatweknewhowtodotocontributeandtohelpbuildthatconfidence. anumberofitsnationshaveshownwhatcanbeacplishedunderconditionsofsecurity.since1966,indonesia,thefifthlargestnationinalltheworld,withapopulationofmorethan100millionpeople,hashadagovernmentthatsdedicatedtopeacewithitsneighborsandimprovedconditionsforitsownpeople. politicalandeconomiccooperationbetweennationshasgrownrapidly.andithinkeveryamericancantakeagreatdealofprideintherolethatwehaveplayedinbringingthisaboutinsoutheastasia.wecanrightlyjudge-asresponsiblesoutheastasiansthemselvesdo-thattheprogressofthepastthreeyearswouldhavebeenfarlesslikely,ifnotpletelyimpossible,ifamericassonsandothershadnotmadetheirstandinvietnam. atjohnshopkinsuniversityaboutthreeyearsago,iannouncedthattheunitedstateswouldtakepartinthegreatworkofdevelopingsoutheastasia,includingthemekongvalley,forallthepeopleofthatregion.ourdeterminationtohelpbuildabetterland-abetterlandformenonbothsidesofthepresentconflict-hasnotdiminishedintheleast.indeed,theravagesofwar,ithink,havemadeitmoreurgentthanever. soirepeatonbehalfoftheunitedstatesagaintonightwhatisaidatjohnshopkins-thatnorthvietnamcouldtakeitsplaceinthismoneffortjustassoonaspeacees.overtime,awiderframeworkofpeaceandsecurityinsoutheastasiamaybeepossible.thenewcooperationsofthenationsoftheareacouldbeafoundationstone.certainlyfriendshipwiththenationsofsuchasoutheastasiaiswhattheunitedstatesseeks-andthatisallthattheunitedstatesseeks. oneday,myfellowcitizen,therewillbepeaceinsoutheastasia.itwillebecausethepeopleofsoutheastasiawantit-thosewhosearmiesareatwartonight;thosewho,thoughthreatened,havethusfarbeenspared.peacewillebecauseasianswerewillingtoworkforitandtosacrificeforit-andtodiebythethousandsforit.butletitneverbeforgotten:peacewillealsobecauseamericasenthersonstohelpsecureit. ithasnotbeeneasy-farfromit.duringthepastfourandahalfyears,ithasbeenmyfateandmyresponsibilitytobecommanderinchief.ihaveliveddailyandnightlywiththecostofthiswar.iknowthepainthatithasinflicted.iknowperhapsbetterthananyonethemisgivingsthatithasaroused.andthroughoutthisentirelongperiodihavebeensustainedbyasingleprinciple:thatwhatwearedoingnowinvietnamisvitalnotonlytothesecurityofsoutheastasia,butitisvitaltothesecurityofeveryamerican. surely,wehavetreatieswhichwemustrespect.surely,wehavemitmentsthatwearegoingtokeep.resolutionsofthecongresstestifytotheneedtoresistaggressionintheworldandinsoutheastasia. buttheheartofourinvolvementinsouthvietnamunderthreedifferentpresidents,threeseparateadministrations,hasalwaysbeenamericasownsecurity.andthelargerpurposeofourinvolvementhasalwaysbeentohelpthenationsofsoutheastasiabeeindependent,andstandalone,self-sustainingasmembersofagreatworldmunity,atpeacewiththemselves,atpeacewithallothers.andwithsuchanationourcountry-andtheworld-willbefarmoresecurethanitistonight. ibelievethatapeacefulasiaisfarnearertorealitybecauseofwhatamericahasdoneinvietnam.ibelievethatthemenwhoendurethedangersofbattlethere,fightingthereforustonight,arehelpingtheentireworldavoidfargreaterconflicts,farwiderwars,farmoredestruction,thanthisone.thepeacethatwillbringthemhomesomedaywille.tonight,ihaveofferedthefirstinwhatihopewillbeaseriesofmutualmovestowardpeace. ipraythatitwillnotberejectedbytheleadersofnorthvietnam.ipraythattheywillacceptitasameansbywhichthesacrificesoftheirownpeoplemaybeended.andiaskyourhelpandyoursupport,myfellowcitizens,forthisefforttoreachacrossthebattlefieldtowardanearlypeace. finally,myfellowamericans,letmesaythis: ofthosetowhommuchisgiven,muchisasked.icannotsay-andnomancouldsay-thatnomorewillbeaskedofus.yetibelievethatnow,nolessthanwhenthedecadebegan,thisgenerationofamericansiswillingtopayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,toassurethesurvival,andthesuccess,ofliberty. sincethosewordswerespokenbyjohnf.kennedy,thepeopleofamericahavekeptthatpactwithmankindsnoblestcause.andweshallcontinuetokeepit. yet,ibelievethatwemustalwaysbemindfulofthisonething-whateverthetrialsandthetestsahead,theultimatestrengthofourcountryandourcausewilllie,notinpowerfulweaponsorinfiniteresourcesorboundlesswealth,butwilllieintheunityofourpeople. thisibelieveverydeeply.throughoutmyentirepubliccareerihavefollowedthepersonalphilosophythatiamafreeman,anamerican,apublicservant,andamemberofmyparty-inthatorder-alwaysandonly. for37yearsintheserviceofournation,firstasacongressman,asasenator,andasvicepresident,andnowasyourpresident,ihaveputtheunityofthepeoplefirst.ihaveputitaheadofanydivisivepartisanship.andinthesetimesasintimesbefore,itistruethatahousedividedagainstitselfbythespiritoffaction,ofparty,ofregion,o