外文翻译--国自卸车

附 录 附录 A.外文文献原文 Chinese Mining Dump Truck by Zhang Wensheng 1.GeneraI information of domesticmining dump truck sector Since the first Chinese-made mining dump truck was made in 1 969,over two decades have passed,during which,Chinas mining dump truck industry has primarily formed the capacity of producing 20154 ton mining dump trucks.At present,the main manufacturers are as follows；Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp Ltd ,North Hauler Limited Liability Company,Benxi Heavy Duty Truck Limited Liability Company.Changzhou Metallurgical Machinery Plant,Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant and so on,and the technologies for mining dump trucks have been introduced through multi-channels,such as the establishment of joint ventures and the co-operation in the way of combining technology and trade Mter digesting and assimilating the technologies introduced,China is capable of producing mining dump trucks with load capacity of 154,108,85,77,65,50,40（ 41 51） ,32（ 31 35） ,27 and 20 tons,of which,the annual output of 20 t and over is about 4 500units. Now,about 11000 units of mining dump trucks are on service in domestic construction projects,such as mines,electric stations,railways and so on,about 45000 of which are do mestic-made,mainly including 13JZ3364 model with load capacity of 20 tons（ about 3 000 units） ,BJZ 3480 model with load capacity of 27 tons（ about 200 units） ,3307 model with load capacity of 45 tons（ about 600 units） and a small amount of mining dump trucks with load capacity of 77,85,108 and 154 tons respectively. The batch-produced BJZ 3364 which was self designed in the 1 970s based on the similar Trucks abroad is still at the intemational levels from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in terms of the basic structure and technical specifications BJZ 3480 model truck,a localized one of RD 030 model truck introduced from British Aveling Bedford is at the international level of around the 1980s.The 3307 and 3311 made by Baotou North Truck MFG Co Ltd a Sino-American British ioint venture located in Baotou,nner Mongolia are of the TEREX series products with a LCR of about 64 and with the key assemblies and parts out-sounced So the technicallevel of these two models takes the lead domestically and goes advanced in the world However, compared with the similar ones abroad,the home-made SF 3103 and SF 3150 models of 100 ton class motorized wheel mining dump trucks remain poorer in quality,and their production is very small. 2.Introduction of Mining dump trucks Mining dump trucks are mainly used in various mines and earth sites.Because of their poor working conditions,low level road,and also frequent starting, braking and steering,heavy load,the external loads are complex.At present,designers pay more attention to make the strength and rigidity of the dump truck and their components to meet various requirements,rarely consider their aerodynamic characteristics and aerodynamic design.It is reported that there are about 9000 mining dump trucks in China,general loads of them are more than 20 t,and fuel consumption and pollution emissions have increased significantly.Due to the energy conservation and the demand for environmental protection,it is necessary to improve the fuel economy of dump trucks by reducing their aerodynamic drag. Mining truck is an ideal conveyance in large mines for its high efficiency and good economy,and tends to be larger.Now,the payload of main trucks abroad has been up to 360 tons,but internal manufacturers have not produced mining trucks over 200 tons.Owing to large weight and high speed of trucks and more cuwe and slope in mines,the system of steering,brake and hoisting must be reliable Hydraulic power steering,hydraulic hoisting and full hydraulic brake have been applied in mining trucks So the safety of trucks and production has been affected by hydraulic system seriously. 3.Profile of key manufacturers Of mining dump trucks Beijing Heavy Duty Truck Plant,with 1 800 employees,is one that can msss-produce mining dump trucks with load capacity of 20 and 27 tons.Its leading product,BJZ 3364 mining dump trucks taking the lionS share in home market,are working for more than 100 clients engaged in hydropower projects and small& medium mines nationwide with its population of 3000 units F0r example,in the world-Famous Three Gorges of Changjiang River project site Alone,over 400 units of BJZ3364 dump trucks are booming there.Its mining dump truck line includes BJZ 3364（ with leaf spring） and BJZ 3364Q（ with hydro-pneumatic spring suspension） with the load capacity of 20 t,27 t,BJZ 3480 of 27 t,BJZ 5360GSS nfining sprinkler,gallery operation transport truck,guniting vehicle and so on. North Hauler Limited Liability Company （ NHL） ,a Sino-British-American joint venture located in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia Au- tonomous Regions,has over 400 people in its workforce.and a land area of 110000 m2.With complete sets of equipment and processing facilities of heavy truck production line,the company is capable of producing the TEREX series products of mining dump trucks and articulated vehicles with load capacity of 2085 tons.The annual production program is targeted for 300 units The products are made in accordance with the design drawings,technological process,quality standards and inspection specifications introduced from TEREX Co.NHL persists in introducing the up-to-minute technologies from TEREX Co.in a rolling way and keeping in step with TEREXs products Meanwhile the company has independently developed many new types of vehicles such as springker,coal hauler and concrete delivery truck. Established in 1936,Xiangtan Electric Manufacturing Group Corp.Ltfl.has become one of the largest industrial enterprises in the country,with an enroll of 13000 employees,over 4000 of whom are senior engineers or engineers.It covers a land area about two million m2.There are 4125 units of various production equipment and facilities.Thanks to its preponderance in fabrication of machines,electric motors and electric facilities,the company has formed a higher capability of self -OE supplying with the rate of the self made parts up to 85 percent.The mining dump truck category comprises giant motorized wheel dump trucks with load capacity of 108 t and 154 t.Now,the needed tires,rims,pumps,valves,etc.are home bought；while the main assemblies such as high output engines and hydraulic transmission have to be outsourced. 4 Moving towards enterprise conglomeration Though Chinas mining dump truck sector has developed greatly,it could not buffer the thirst from the domestic mining dump truck market yet.Furthermore,the sector lacks coordination among departments and regions.So,it is necessary to accelerate the reform towards enterprise conglomeration,forming the superiority of Chinas mining dump truck industry in production scale；and making the macrocontrol of domestic mining dump truck production in line with the development trend of the markets home and abroad. China has speeded up the introduction of mining dump truck technologies from abroad in order to avoid detours and has set up some JVS and cooperative enterprises.One of the urgent task confronted with us is to work at digesting and assimilating the technologies already introduced,making full use of the existing equipment and facilities（ some of them are modem and updated both home and abroad） owned by the dump truck manufacturers and suppliers with rational allocation of resources and tapping of resource potential to be focused on. There is every reason to believe that Chinas mining dump truck sector wi ll have a brighter prospect provided that it forms superiority of scale production,strengthens the coordination among the departments and regions by means of setting up enterprise group and seeks actively operative partners at home and abroad. 附录 B.外文文献中文翻译 我国自卸车 章温胜 1.国内矿自卸车的通用信息 自从在 1969年我国第一次国产矿用自卸车的制造， 20多年已经过去了，在这期间，我国的自卸车已初步具有生产 20154吨矿用车的能力。目前，主要制造商如下：湘潭电器制造集团有限公司，北机有限责任公司，本溪重型汽车有限责任公司等等。常州冶金机械厂，北京重型汽车厂等，自卸车的技术通过多渠道进行宣传和交流，如建立技术和商务相结合的合资企业。姆特公司消化和吸收引进的技术，使我国已经能够生产多种装载质量的自卸车，如 154吨， 108吨， 85吨， 77吨， 65吨， 50吨， 40（ 41 51） 吨， 32（ 31 35） 吨， 27吨和 20 吨，其中，年产量20吨和以上的，大约有 4500个公司左右。 现在，在矿山，电力站，铁路等国内建设服务项目中，大约有 11000个矿用卸车的公司，其中约 45000家公司做整车制造。主要包括装载能力为 20吨， 27吨， 45吨和少量的 77， 85， 108和 154吨等不同吨位的自卸车。 批次生产 BJZ3364， 是基于在国外仍处于国际水平从 20世纪 70年代末到 80年代初的条款的基本结构和具体技术自主设计的的。 BJZ 3480自卸车从英国Aveling Bedford 引进的，并对参照了 030卡车模型，在 20世纪 80年代处于国际一级的。 3307和 3311是 包头北车制造有限公司制造的，公司是中美英合资企业，总部设在包头，特雷克斯系列产品的比例约为 64，关键总成及零部件两种模式在国内和世界都处于先进。然而，与国外相比，国产科幻 3103和 SF 31 50模型 100吨级电动轮椅采矿自卸卡车的质量仍然较差，他们的产量非常小。 2简介 矿用自卸车主要用于各种矿区和工程工地。因为其工作条件差，水平低的道路，也频繁起动，制动和转向系统、重载、外部荷载比较复杂。目前，设计者给予更多的关注使强度和刚度的自卸卡车及其部件，以满足各种要求，很少考虑他们的空气动力特性和空气动力学设 计。据报道，大约有 9000矿用自卸车在中国，一般负荷，其中超过 10吨，以及燃料的消耗和污染排放量增加了。基于能源节约和环境保护要求，有必要改进燃油经济性的自卸卡车，减少其空气阻力。 矿用自卸车以其生产效率高、运营成本低而成为大型矿山的理想运输工具，其大型化是一个重要的发展趋势。目前，国外主要生产厂家的产品规格都已达到 360吨，而国内还没有自主开发出吨位超过 200吨的自卸车。由于重量大、行驶速度高，加之矿山地区的弯道、坡路较多，矿用自卸车必须具有可靠、灵活的举 升 、转向和制动性能。液压系统作为矿用自卸车 的转向、举升、制动控制系统，它的性能优劣将严重影响整车的安全性能和生产效率。国外自卸车多采用专用元件，而国内相关研究较少。 3主要制造商的矿用自卸车 北京重型汽车厂，有 1800名员工，是一个可以生产装载能力为 20吨和 27吨的矿用自卸车的企业。 BJZ 3364矿用自卸车是它的在国内领先的产品，考虑的大部分份额在国内市场