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新概念英语第三册Lesson 4 The double life of Alfred Bloggs知识讲解重点:1、 本课书重点词汇、句型2、 词汇辨析:get married与be married;invent、discover、find与create3、 关于“倍数”的表达;too.to./so .that的表达等难点:worth的用法教学目标:1、 能理解课文大意、掌握课文中重点词汇、句型2、 能辨析相关近义词汇3、 理解worth的用法、记住worth的用法误区教学过程:1、 【生词、短语学习】double adj.两倍的, 双重的manual adj.体力的 (= physical adj.身体的, 物质的) manualwork 体力工作=physical work mentalwork 脑力工作 例句:体力工作和脑力工作都需要能量。 有时脑力工作比体力劳动更消耗能量。 collar n.衣领 white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者(those who domentalwork) blue-collar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的(those who domanualwork) get hotunder thecollar 怒气冲天 例句:He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at him. 当他知道他们嘲笑他的时候,他怒气冲天。sacrifice vt.牺牲,献出 (togiveupforgoodpurpose) - sacrificeoneslifeforthecountry为国家献身 - sacrificetime牺牲时间、贡献时间 sacrifice n.牺牲 (- makemanysacrifices) 即学即用:伟大的人往往不在意为别人贡献一切。 过去的牺牲使他赢得了别人的尊重。 privilege n.好处 (= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益) - sacrificeonesadvantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处 privilege n.特权, 特别待遇(= specialright) - givesb theprivilegeofdoingsth 特许某人做某事 privileged a.荣幸的=honored - We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our speaker. 即学即用:能出席你的婚礼我感到很荣幸。 公司要发展的好,就不能给任何人特权。 你愿意义务地帮助穷人吗? dustman n.清洁工corporation n.公司=company industry企业、工业overalls n.工作服shower n.淋浴secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的 confidential adj.机密的 keep sthsecret 保密 - Itsbetweenyouandme. 此事只介于你我之间。 - Illkeepittomyself. 我会保守秘密的。 insecret 私下里(= secretly, inprivate, privately) - Iwastoldaboutitinsecret. inthesecret 知道内情 - Hewasinthesecretfromthebeginning即学即用:他那么有信心,一定知道内情。 在座的每个人务必保守这件事。 虽然他们是师生,但私底下却是好朋友。 status n.地位(= socialposition) statue n.雕像, 塑像(Lesson3)rise n.发生, 出现loss n.损失fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的2、 【课文讲解】1. Thesedays,peoplewhodomanualworkoftenreceivefarmoremoneythanpeoplewhoworkinoffices. peoplewhodomanualwork = blue-collarworkers people who domentalwork = white-collarworkers = peoplewhoworkinoffices formoremoney(far副词用来加强语气= much)例句:高尚的(gracious)穷人比势利的夫人更值得让人尊重。 2. Peoplewhoworkinofficesarefrequentlyreferredtoaswhite-collarworkersforthesimplereasonthattheyusuallywearacollarandtietogotowork. referto.as=regard.as 把.看作为 - Ialwaysrefertohimasbookworm(n.书呆子) forthesimplereason = for 引导的原因状语从句“出于这个原因” forthereasonthat(后加从句)多用于正式文体,because多用于口语中。 - He is referred to as a book worm for the simple reason that he spare no efforts reading.- He was sent to prison for he could not pay his debts.即学即用:努力奋斗的人更容易被视为成功者。(用定语从句表达) 因为他脾气暴躁,所以他老婆跟他离婚了。(get divorced with sb) 出于这个原因,他决定一览长城。 3. Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers. humannature 人性 such.that. (that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵) - Hiskindnesswassuchthatwewillneverforgethim. = Suchwashiskindness that wewillneverforgethim. (such在句首要倒装) = He was so kind thatwewillneverforgethim. - Suchishumannaturethatwewanttogetalotofthingsfree.(进一步说明是什么样的human nature) 介词for表示一种目的bewillingtodosth = bereadytodosth 心甘情愿做be unwilling to do sth不愿意做某事例句:不愿意为别人牺牲时间的人往往很难取得成功。 这就是他的精神,不管做什么事情都永不言弃。 4. Thiscangiverisetocurioussituations,asitdidinthecaseofAlfredBloggswhoworkedasadustmanfortheEllesmereCorporation.giveriseto =(lead to v.导致, 通向)表示“导致、引起”的词汇还有:result in、cause - Suchconductmightgiverisetomisunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。 - Thebadconditionshavegivenrisetoalotofcrimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。 inthecaseof 就.来说, 关于, 就.而言 (= concerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就.说) - Stealingis noshameinthecaseofhim. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。incaseof(副词)万一, 以防 (in case conj.万一)in case of +名词 以防万一in case that+句子 - Youshouldensureyourhouseincaseoffire. (ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险) - Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。 who引导定语从句即学即用:带上雨伞以防下雨。(用that引导从句) 我们不得不小心谨慎以防意外事情的发生。 条条大道通罗马。 他永不屈服的精神使他战胜了病痛。 5. Whenhegotmarried,Alfwastooembarrassedtosayanythingtohiswifeabouthisjob. tooembarrassedtosay 太尴尬而没有说明 beashamedof 感到羞愧, 惭愧- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.Sb is/are too+adj+to do sth=sb is /sre so+adj+that+从句 太了以至于不能It is too+adj+for sb to do sth对某人来说太了以至于不能-He is too tired to walk any longer.他太累了,再也走不动了。=He is so tired that he couldnt walk any longer.-It was too difficult for him to finish the task within 2 days, but he is able to do that easily now.在过去,对他来说在两天内完成任务太难了,但现在他能轻松地做到。marry 强调动作 - Hemarriedthegirl. 他娶了这个女孩。getmarried 强调过程- Last year they got married.bemarried(tosb) 强调状态- Theoldmanhasbeenmarriedtohiswifefor50years.即学即用:他已经结婚五年了。 你打算什么时候结婚呢? 这部电影太感人了,以至于所有人都流泪了。 对我们来说,在1小时内写1篇作文不是难事。 6. HesimplytoldherthatheworkedfortheCorporation.simply 副词-用来修饰限定动词told,“仅仅”-Jean Valjean was put into prison just for the reason that he had stolen a piece of bread. 冉阿让被判入狱,仅仅是因为他偷了一块面包。7. Everymorning,helefthomedressedinasmartblacksuit.dressedinasmartblacksuit 穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装dressed分词作状语=wearing - Hegotoworkdressedinabeautifulcoat. - Helefthomewearingasmartblacksuit. 即学即用:那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服去火车站。 那天他穿着一套极其奇怪的衣服。 8. Hethenchangedintooverallsandspentthenexteighthoursasadustman.changedinto 换上、变为change back into 换回刹那间,天气由晴转阴。 春天到了,树木又重新绿了起来。 9. Beforereturninghomeatnight.Hetookashowerandchangedbackintohissuit. Beforereturninghome = Beforehereturnedhome before和动名词搭配, 相当于before引导的时间状语从句。 如果运用动名词形式,动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语 - Aftergettinghome, hehadagoodrest.- Beforehavingdinner, hefinishedallhishomework.take a shower淋浴、洗澡=take a bath即学即用:Before getting dark, he got to the train station.(改正病句) 在见到你之前,我已经听说你那天会去图书馆。 10. Alf didthisforovertwoyearsandhisfellowdustmenkepthissecret.Alfswifehasneverdiscoveredthatshemarriedadustmanandsheneverwill,forAlfhasjustfoundanotherjob. Hewillsoonbeworkinginanoffice. sheneverwill = shewillneverdiscoverthesecret 在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前 - “willyougotoseeher?”- “Iwillnevertotoseeher = No, Ineverwill.discover发现辨析:invent-discover-find-createinvent发明(过去不存在的事物)、编造、捏造discover发现(本来就存在却不为人所知的)find发现、得到、找到create经过努力/劳动使事物从无到有。 create主要意思是“创造”,即产生新的东西,其对象往往是精神上的。如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等,也可指创造出新的具体事物。invent主要意思是“发明”,是指产生前所未有的东西,其对象往往是物质性的。 invention n.发明 inventor n. 发明家discover主要意思是“发现”,其对象是一直存在但以往未被人们发现或了解的东西。如元素、地域或客观规律等。 discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者 find主要意思是“发现,找到丢失的人或物”,或指“感到”。 即学即用: The idea that God _ the world is wrong. Thomas Edison _ the first small electric lamp. They never _ how to open this box. I was very surprised to _ you were in the bus. 11. Hewillbeearningonlyhalfasmuchasheusedto,buthefeelsthathisriseinstatusiswellworththelossofmoney. halfasmuchas half / aquarter / twice / threetimes + as.as. 表示倍数 - Iwontmarryamanwhoistwiceasoldasme. - Wegotthreetimesasmanypeopleasweexpected. - Thisroomisaboutthreetimesaslargeasthatone. 是.的几倍:.as +形容词或副词原形+ as. 比.多几倍:.times +形容词或副词比较级+ than- Thisroadisfourtimeslongerthanthatone. 这条路是那条路的5倍长。 = Thisroadisfivetimesaslongasthatone. Whatheobtainediswellworththelossoftime. 他的所得是值得花时间的。well副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词worth即学即用:这本书是那本书的3倍厚。(用两种方法表达) 他现在住在东莞,东莞是广州的三分之一大。 跟“倍数”有关的表达法还有:(1) A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B 例句: A friend of mine was making twice the salary of college instructors during her first year in that company.我的一个朋友在那个公司工作的第一年挣的钱就已经是大学教师薪水的两倍了。(2)The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B 例句: In tight turns and recovering from dives, the force it can pull is nine times that of gravity. 在急转弯和俯冲后拉升时,他的拉力能达到重力的9倍。(3)表示增长的倍数比较关系可以用“动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数”来表达。 例句: Ghanas population has been growing by 3.2 percent a year. 加纳的人口一直在以每年3.2%的速度增长。12. Fromnowon,hewillwearasuitalldayandotherswillcallhimMr.Bloggs,notAlf. from now on从现在开始 from then on从那时开始3、 【难点把握】worth(值得)的用法用法一:犯不上跟她生气。误:Shes not worth to get angry with.正:Shes not worth getting angry with.析:(be) worth后接动词时,该动词不能用不定式,而用动名词。注:这类结构在现代英语中也可改用形式主语it,如上面的误句也可改为: It isnt worth getting angry with her. 再如:The film is worth seeing. / It is worth seeing the film.(这部电影值得看)。用法二:这本书很不错,值得再读一遍。误:The book is excellent.Its worth reading a second time.正:The book is excellent. Its worth being read a second time.析:(be) worth 后接动名词时,即使该动名词具有被动意味,也总是用主动形式。用法三:这个博物馆值得你去看看。误:You are worth visiting the museum. 正:It is worth your while visiting to visit the museum.析:如以上两例所析,worth 后接动词时要用动名词,但是注意这类结构有以下特点: 句子主语通常就是其后动名词的逻辑宾语; 若句子主语不是其后动名词的逻辑宾语,那么其主语就应是形式主语 it。另外注意:与 worth 后接动词必须用动名词不一样,worth (ones) while 后接动词时可用动名词也可用不定式(且这类句型的主语通常是形式主语 it)。用法四:这个计划很值得一试。误:The scheme is very worth a try.正:The scheme is well worth a try.析:要加强worth的语气,习惯上不用 very,而通常用 well。用法五:这台脑不值你付的那些钱。误:The computer is not value valuable what you paid.正:The computer is not worth what you paid. 析:value价值(是名词),valuable有价值的(是形容词),两者均不能后接 what从句。而worth(值得的)后面可以加名词短语、带逻辑主语的动名词以及what从句。即学即用:长城值得游览。(用两种方法) 他不值你为他说的那些话。 西湖值得你去看看。(用两种方法) 4、 【课后作业】1、 “倍数”练习将下列句子译成英语。 基础练习1. 他的手有孩子手的四倍大小。 2. 他们的屋子大约是我们的三倍大小。 3. 资费一般是固定电话的2到4倍。 提高练习1. 这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。 2. 铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。 3. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 4. 通过玻璃传输的激光发射光可以传送高达标准电话线25万倍的数据。 单词提示:玻璃glass fiber、laser shooting激光射线、电话线telephone wire 二、时态综合训练( )1.Ilikemynewbike.It_verywell. AridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden( )2.Cotton_niceandsoft. A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels( )3.Theworld_.Thingsneverstaythesame. A.changesB.ischangingC.waschangingD.willchange( )4.-Haveyouever_LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors? -Yes,Ihave. A.wenttoB.gonetoC.beeninD.beento( )5.Imsorryyouvemissedthetrain,It_10minutesago. A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft( )6.-Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick? -John_. A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is( )7.Mum?MayIgooutandplaybasketball? _you_yourhomeworkyet? A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishD.Have;finished( )8.Oh,MrsKing,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew? No,I_itfortwoyears. A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought( )9.Willyourmother_youifyou_theEnglishexam? Ofcoursenot.BecauseIamtryingmybest. A.beangrywith,dontpassB.beangrywith,wontpass C.beangryto,dontpassD.beangryto,wontpass( )10.Listen!Someofthegirls_aboutHarryPotter.Letsjointhem! A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talked( )11.Ourteacher,MissChen,_Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday. A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught( )12.IdontthinkI_youinthatdressbefore. A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see( )13.Shewillhaveaholidayassoonasshe_theworknextweek. A.finishesB.doesntfinishC.willfinishD.wontfinish( )14.-WhereisMrGreennow?Ihaventseenhimforafewdays. -He_toHongKong. A.goesB.willgoC.isgoingD.hasgone( )15.Whenshewas22yearsold,herdreamtobeateacher_. A.cametrueB.cometrueC.camerealD.comereal( )16.-IwontcometothepartyunlessSue_,too. -YoumeanifSuecomesyoullcome? A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited( )17.-Doyoustillhaveaheadache,Billy?-No,its_.Imallrightnow,mum. A.droppedB.runC.leftD.gone( )18.-Whatareonshowinthemuseum?-Somephotos_byAfricanchildren. A.aretakenB.weretakenC.takenD.havebeentaken( )19.AtalkonChinesehistory_intheschoolhallnextweek. A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive( )20.Youmaygofishingifyourwork_. A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone( )21.TheOlympicGames,firstcelebratedinAthensin1896,everyfouryears_so farthis century,exceptduringthetwoworldwars. A.areheldB.wereheldC.havebeenheldD.hadbeenheld( )22Anewcinema_here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth. A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt( )23Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth. A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned( )24Visitors_nottotouchtheexhibits. A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested( )25.Weretheygoodtoyouduringyourstaythere? Sure!I_oneofthefamilythere. A.wastreatedasB.wastreatedlike C.hadbeenlookedonlikeD.hadbeenconsideredlike答案:一、“倍数”练习基础练习:1. His hands, four times as large, reached out slowly and held them as though they were holding up two tiny birds. 2. Their house is about three times as big as ours.3. The fee is typically two to four times as much as for calls made over fixed lines.提高练习:1. This

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