高考英语 阅读理解专题 猜测词语意思复习课件.ppt

考点分类导练,根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此,词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。,要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思,或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有mean,referto,bereplacedby等。如：技巧点拨解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是人们常说的语境)来推测其意思。以下是可供参考的几个小技巧：,1.根据接近或递进关系:由and或or等可确定生词的义域,推知它的大致意义。2.根据选择或相对关系:对比or(要么,或者)前面和后面的句子或词语,来猜测生词的含义。3.根据同位或解释关系:通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。,4.根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。5.根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果,也可由果推因。,6.根据列举的实例:根据suchas,forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。7.根据并列同类关系:一般说来,并列的几个事物应属同类事物,由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。,考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思,我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思,那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。,注意：,经典例题阅读下列文段,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。.Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse.However,beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed.Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover-consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible,butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace.,61.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatover-consumption”referto?A.Usingtoomuchpackaging.B.Recyclingtoomanywastes.C.Makingmoreproductsthannecessary.D.Havingmorematerialthanisneeded.,解析：据上文推测。由上文的wealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed很易选出D。但我们也可根据构词法来猜测：我们学过动词consume(消费,消耗),可知consumption应为其名词形式,前面加上over(超过)的over-consumption应为“过度消费,过度消耗”之意,故选D。,课堂练习阅读所选文段,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。(1)Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess.,Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.,31.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.EarlyB.sweetlyC.QuicklyD.smoothly,1.D据上下文推测。本文首句以疑问句Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?开头,接着就是与此相关的调研结果或回答;由表明研究结果的句子“Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess”和调查结果的句子“Two-thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog”可知，两者“相处得好”。故选D。,(2)Whensomethinggoeswrong,itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay,“Well,itsso-and-sosfault.”or“IknowImlate,butitsnotmyfault;thecarbrokedown.”Itisprobablynotyourfault,butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.,Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation.However,youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation.Thisisthewinnerskeytosuccess.,47.TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto_.A.AvoidB.acceptC.improveD.consider,2.C据上文推测。由上文,你没有能力也不可能“改变the(bad)situation”,然而“你可以remedythesituation”,根据这种转折的逻辑关系可推出,remedy应是“改善”之意。,(3)Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass.“Youcouldwinprizes,”ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard.Westudiedtheboardcritically.Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard,rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns.,Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought.Wehadplansforthattendollargrandprize，eachandeveryoneofus.,3.A据近义推测。上下句是Some.Other.句式，whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought，可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达，意为“思考，构想”，故选A。,47.Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans_.A.formedanideaforB.madeanoutlineforC.madesomespaceforD.chosesomecolorsfor,3.A据近义推测。上下句是Some.Other.句式,whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought,可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表达,意为“思考,构想”,故选A。,(4)Parentsandkidstodaydressalike,listentothesamemusic,andarefriends.Sometimes,whenMr.Ballmerandhis16-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy,suchaspopculture,heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager.,“Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom,Hey,thenewWeezeralbum(威瑟乐团的专辑)isreallygreat.Howdoyoulikeit?”saysBallmer.“Therewasjustacompletegapintaste.”Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.,41.Theunderlinedword“gulf”inPara.3mostprobablymeans_.A.InterestB.distanceC.DifferenceD.separation,Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.,4.C据近义或反义推测。因“Musicwasnottheonlygulf”与上段末句是递进关系,可见gulf与gap是近义关系;这里是回忆过去与现在(文章首段)的对比,可见这里的gulf与文章首段首句中的alike和same是反义关系,因此,gulf的意思是“差异(difference)”。,(5)Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes.Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint.Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay(有发言权).“Myparentswereonthebeforesideofthatchange,buttodaysparents,the40-year-olds,wereontheafterside,”explainsMr.Ballmer.,44.Bysaying“todaysparents,the40-year-olds,wereontheafterside.”theauthormeansthattodaysparents_.A.followthetrendofthechangeB.cansetalimittothechangeC.failtotakethechangeseriouslyD.havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange,5.A据上文推断。结合上一段可知,todaysparents就是60年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流,更加民主,他们应当是“顺应这种变化趋势”的,故选A。,课外作业(1)Wehavetwodaughters：KristenissevenyearsoldandKellyisfour.LastSundayevening,weinvitedsomepeoplehomefordinner.Theguestsarrived.Iintroducedmytwodaughterstoeachofthem.Theadultswereniceandkindandsaidhowluckyweweretohavesuchgoodkids.,EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungerone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshestheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.Wedoitwiththebestofintentions.Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild.,56.Theunderlinedexpression“makeabigtodoover”(paragraph4)means_.A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffectonC.listjobstobedoneforD.dogoodthingsfor,1.A据因果关系或近义推测。本句“因为她是似乎更易受到伤害的那一个”“所以我们成年人就对年幼的那个格外关注”,可见答案为A。另外,由上句中与之近义的madeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungerone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile也可推出。,(2)Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise.Leadershipmeanspower,commandsrespectand,mostimportant,encouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?,60.Theunderlinedword“cultivated”(paragraph1)roughlymeans_.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed,2.D据对比关系和下文解释。由前句“领导艺术不像(unlike)维生素C一样一口吞下”可知,“领导艺术必须是慢慢培养的”;下段的解释就更为清楚,aremade,heireverydaylife,特别是Butwhichdotheydevelop?中的develop,非常明显地告诉我们答案是D。,(3)“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(涟漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves,”Taylorsaid.“Wavesareoneofnatureswaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney.”,65.Theunderlinedphrase“pickingup”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto_.A.startingagainB.speedingupC.gatheringD.improving,3.C据前提条件与结果推测。首先要“聚集(gather)”能量,然后才能将其发送出去(sendingitoff)。也可用代入检验法排除法:用其他选项代入原句,也后面的sendingitoff在逻辑上也都讲不通。此外,还可从前句中的getbiggerandbigger得到提示。,(4)Iftheworldwereavillageof1,000people.One-thirdofthepeopleinthevillagearechildren,andonly60areovertheageof65.Justunderhalfoft