大学英语第一册Unit6(FinalVersion).ppt

Unit6SamAdams,IndustrialEngineer,TeachingGoals,TolearnsomeusefulwordsToknowthefunctionofsubordinatingconjunctions.,TeachingSteps,Lead-inQuestionshowitcameaboutthatI(became)e.g.Thepolicemenwanttoknowhowshehappenedtobeonthespot.警察想知道她怎么偏偏在这个地方。,Industrialengineer,Industrialengineer,Industrialengineer,Industrialengineeringisthedetailedanalysisoftheuseandcostofmen,materialsandequipmentinanorganization,withaviewtoincreasingitsproductivity,profitandefficiency.Thosewhoareinvolvedinthiskindofanalysisarecalledindustrialengineers.,Industrialengineer,Asforanindustrialengineerhisdutiesareprimarilytocoordinatepersonnel,materialsandmachineryanddeterminethemostproductiveandefficientuseofeach.,ParagraphMeaning:,如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。,ParagraphTwo:,ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.WhenIwasstillinelementaryschool,Ilikedtokeepmysocksintheupperlefthanddrawerofmybureau,myunderwearintheupperrightdrawer,shirtsinthemiddledrawer,andpants,nearlyfolded,inthebottomdrawer.,ParagraphTwo,1.ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.neat:adj.整洁的,灵巧的,优雅的e.g.aneatdesk整洁的书桌Catsareneatanimals.猫是爱整洁的动物,Neat/tidy,neat指“干净而整齐的”,含“细节不乱”的意思,如:aneathouse干净整齐的房间。tidy侧重“整齐、有条理的”,如:Shekeepsherroomtidy.她的房间保持得井然有序。,ElementarySchool,Bureau(AmE),Achestofdrawersforbedroomuse(卧室五斗柜),Bureau:1.agovernmentdepartmente.g.publicsecuritybureau公安局2.abusinessoffice,esp.onethatcollectsand/orkeepsfactse.g.aninformationbureau资料室，传达室,ParagraphMeaning:,她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在中间的抽屉里，叠得整整齐齐的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。,ParagraphThree:,Infact,Iwastheefficiencyexpertforthewholefamily.Iusedtoorganizemyfatherstools,mymotherskitchenutensils,mysistersboyfriends.,ParagraphThree,“Efficiencyexpert”:noun+nounTherearemanyotherexamplesofsuchcombinationsinthetext.e.g.workflow,qualitycontrolinspection,assemblyline,machineoperator,ParagraphThree,Efficiencytheabilitytodosth.Welln.效率，效能，功效e.g.Howtoraiseworkefficiencyisimportanttotheowner.对这位老板来说，如何提高工作效率很重要。Efficiencyexpert效率专家Laborefficiency劳动效率Workefficiency工作效率,ParagraphThree,Effective/efficientEffective和efficient都有“有效的”意思。Effective意为“有效的”，指能产生预期的或较长久的效果；efficient意为“效率高的”，“得力的”，有做事呀起作用快而且好的含义。,ParagraphThree,expert:(n.)apersonwithspecialtraininginacertainfielde.g.NieWeipingisanexpertatchess.(a.)skillfule.g.NieWeipingisexpertat/inplayingchess.,ParagraphMeaning:,事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。,ParagraphFour:,Ineededtobeefficient.Iwantedtobewellorganized.Forme,therewasaplaceforeverythingandeverythingwasalwaysinitsplace.Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforacareerinindustrialengineering.,ParagraphFour,Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforquality:n.highdegreeofgoodness;specialcharacteristicofsth.orsb.质量,品质,性质E.g.apoorqualityofcloth品质低劣的布料qualitiesofleadership领导才能,ParagraphMeaning:,我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。,ParagraphFive:,Unfortunately,IwasalsoabitbossyandIwasntaverygoodlistener.YoullseewhatImeanwhenItellyouaboutthefirstprojectIeverdidafterIfinishedmybachelorsdegreeattheuniversity.,ParagraphFive,bachelorsdegree,ParagraphFive,AcademicDegreeA.B.orB.A.BachelorofArtsA.M.orM.A.MasterofArtsB.B.S.BachelorofBusinessScienceB.C.L.BachelorofCivilLaw民法学士,ParagraphFive,B.D.BachelorofDivinity神学学士B.Lit,B.LittorLit.B.BachelorofLetters文学士(orLiterature)B.L.L.orL.L.B.BachelorofLawsB.S.,B.Sc.,orSc.B.BachelorofScienceM.B.A.MasterofBusinessAdministration,ParagraphFive,学院与大学美国高等院校中，学院(College)主要提供大专课程和四年制大学本科课程，分别称二年制学院(Two-yearcollege)或四年制学院(Four-yearcollege)。大学(University)则是一种综合性较强的学府，往往会包括学院(College)、研究生院(GraduateSchool)和若干专业学院(ProfessionalSchool)，一所大学可以同时开设理、工、农、医、人、文和社会等学科的大学或研究生课程，有的大学(通常是州立大学)本身是一个宠大的体系，分有许多不同的校园(campus)。,ParagraphFive,大学教育二年制学院(Two-yearCollege)提供初级阶段的高等教育，学生学完两年的课程之后可以取得准学士学位(AssociateinArts,AssociateinScience)。这种教育又分成两类，一类是一般性教育，学生学习相当于四年制大学一、二年课程，所得的学分可以转到四年制大学；另一类是职业教育，所开设课程是为学生在社会上就业作准备，学生完成学年的学习后就从事技术的工作，不再攻读学位，二年学院的名称各叫地方学院(CommunityCollege)，也有的叫初级学院(JuniorCollege)。地方学院通常是地方政府兴办的。二年制学校收的学费比较低，招生要求也不高，,ParagraphFive,四年制学院(Four-YearCollege)和大学(University)提供学士学位(BachelorofArts，BachelorofScience，即BA或BS)课程。多数四年制学院的专业设置范围包括文理科的一般教育(LiberalArts)，即人文社会科学和自然科学的基础学科，有的也开设一些较专门的或应用性的科学，入学要求比两年制的高。,ParagraphMeaning:,遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。,ParagraphSix:,AftergraduationIreturnedhometomysmalltowninIndiana.Ididnthaveajobyet.Mr.Hobbs,afriendofmyfathers,ownedasmallshirtfactoryintown.Withinthepastfiveyearsithadgrownfromtwentytoeightyworkers.Mr.Hobbswasworriedthathisplantwasgettingtoobigandinefficient,soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisasaconsultant.,ParagraphSix,1.Indiana(TheCrossroadsofAmerica),ParagraphSix,2.soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisasaconsultant.:comein:v.进来,到达终点,流行起来,当选,(钱)到手,ParagraphSix,e.g.Whendidtheshortskirtfirstcomein?短裙是什么时候开始流行的?Hasthetraincomeinyet?火车到站了吗?comeinthird得第三名WheredoIcomein?我的作用在哪儿呢？,ParagraphSix:,onashort-termbasis:temporarily;foraperiodoftimeSimilarly:(towork)onafive-day-a-weekbasis(toholdajob)onafull-timebasis(topay)onapiece-workbasis,毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。,ParagraphMeaning:,ParagraphSevenandEight:,Iwenttotheplantandspentaboutaweeklookingaroundandmakingnotes.IwasreallyamazedatwhatIsaw.Mostcuriousofall,therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.Nooneinspectedthefinalproductofthefactory.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxesforshipmentweremissingoneortwobuttons,thecollar,evenasleevesometimes!,ParagraphSevenandEight,1.andspentaboutaweeklookingaroundlookaround:v.(=lookround)到处寻找,察看,观光,游览e.g.“CanIhelpyou?Isthereanythingyouparticularlywant?”“No,thanyou,Iamjustlookingaround.”“Haveyougotajobyet?”“No,Idliketolookaroundabit.”,ParagraphSevenandEight,2.IwasreallyamazedatwhatIsaw.beamazedat(orby):对感到惊奇e.g.Theteacherwasamazedatherrapidprogressinstudies.surprise,astonish,amaze吃惊的程度由弱到强：surprise（由于突然而吃惊）astonish(大吃一惊)amaze（吃惊到了迷惑不解的程度）。,ParagraphSevenandEight,3.therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.whatsoever:pron.无论什么e.g.Hewillcomeforthemeeting.Therecanbenodoubtwhatsoeveraboutit.Nothingwhatsoevercanpreventusfromcarryingoutthisplan.,ParagraphSevenandEight,4.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxesasaresult:therefore,becauseofthisasaresultof:becauseofe.g.Somestudentswerelateforclassasaresultoftheheavysnow.,ParagraphMeaning:,我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。,ParagraphNine:,Theworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswheretheworkerssatwereveryhighanduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadntgoneonstrike.,ParagraphNine:,1.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,exceptfor:withtheexceptionof;apartfrome.g.Theroomwasbareexceptforafewchairs.这间房间里除了一些椅子以外什么也没有.Wehadapleasanttime,exceptfortheweather.除了坏天气外我们过得很愉快.,ParagraphNine,Expect所引导的词语在句中有与之对应的同类词语，而expectfor没这种对应，只是用其他细节来修正句中的基本内容。AlltheessaysaregoodexpectJohns.Youressayisgoodexpectforthespelling.,ParagraphNine:,2.therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.relieve:makelessoreasier;givehelptothoseinneede.g.adrugthatrelievesheadaches缓解头痛的药,ParagraphNine:,Letmerelieveyouofthatheavyparcel.让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。torelieveadullevening调剂一下枯燥的晚上torelievesb.smind解除某人忧虑,ParagraphNine:,3.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadntgoneonstrike.go/beonstrike:refusetoworke.g.Theminerswentonstrikebecauseofthelackofsafetyequipment.矿工们因为缺乏安全设备罢工。Iwouldnevergoonstrikeformoremoney.我绝不为加薪而罢工。,ParagraphMeaning:,工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天没有别的休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。,ParagraphTen:,Furthermore,theworkflowwasirregular.Therewasoneespeciallyabsent-mindedyoungmanintheassemblylinewhosewedonbuttons.AfterawhileIrecognizedhimas“BigJim”,whousedtositbehindmeinmathclassinhighschool.Hewasveryslowandalltheshirtswereheldupathisposition.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;therefore,agreatdealoftimeandefficiencywerelostasBigJimdaydreamedwhileheworked.AllweekIwonderedwhyhewasntfired.,ParagraphTen,1.assemblyline,ParagraphTen,2.Hewasveryslowandalltheshirtswereheldupathisposition.holdup:delayorcausetostope.g.Thetrainwasheldupforanhourbytheaccident.Theywereheldupbyfog.他们为雾所耽搁。,ParagraphTen,3.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;:Hisfellowworkerswhoworkedfurtherdowntheassemblylinehadtowaitdoingnothing,ParagraphTen,AllweekIwonderedwhyhewasntfired.Fire:dismisssb.fromhisorherjobe.g.Yourefired.你被解雇了。AccordingtotheLawofLabor,bossescantfireworkersatwillanylonger.根据劳动法,老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。,ParagraphMeaning:,此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在我后面的“大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后面的同班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在“大个子吉姆”边工作边胡思乱想的时侯，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷，为什么他没有被解雇。,ParagraphEleven:,AfterImadeobservationsforaweek,Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.Icoveredmymajorpointsbytellinghimthefollowing:,ParagraphEleven:,1.Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.findings:theresultofanyresearchorinjurye.g.Unlikemostresearchers,ProfWangkeepshisfindingstohimself.ThegovernmentpublisheditsfindingsinWashingtonPost.,ParagraphEleven:,2.cover:包括e.g.Thereviewcoveredeverythingwelearnedlastterm.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。Thispassagedoesnotfullycoverthesubject.,ParagraphMeaning:,我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,“Ifyouhaveaqualitycontrolinspection,youwillgreatlyimproveyourfinishedproduct.”“Iftheassemblylineisredesigned,asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedandtimeandenergycanbesaved.”“Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktables,themachineoperatorswillworkmorecomfortably.”,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,“Ifthemanagementprovidespleasantbackgroundmusicandbeautifiesthedullsetting,thefactorywillbemuchmoreproductive.”“Iftheworkershaveafifteen-minutecoffeebreakinthemorningandafternoon,theywillbemoreefficient.”“Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions,theworkerswillhavegreaterincentivetoproduce.”,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,1.asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedachieve:vt.完成,达到e.g.Theuniversityhasachievedallitsgoalsthisyear.这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。Hehopestoachieveallhisaimssoon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,2.Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktablesdecrease:v.(causeto)becomeless减少e.g.Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,4.ductive:adj.abletoproducewellormuch生产性的,生产的,能产的,多产的,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,e.g.averyproductivewriter多产作家Un-isaproductiveprefix.un-是一个构词力活跃的前缀。aproductiveeffort生产力Scienceandtechnologyarethefirstproductiveforce.,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotionsresultin:v.cause,leadto,bringabout导致e.g.Eatingtoomuchoftenresultsinsickness.Theaccidentresultedinhisdeath.,ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen,promotion:n.anactiontohelpsth.developorsucceed;advancementinpositionorrank促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升e.g.XiaoWanghasgotapromotion.apromotionworker推销员,ParagraphMeaning:,“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。“如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳，并能节省时间和精力。“如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。,ParagraphMeaning:,“如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。“如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的体息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。“如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提级，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。”,ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:,Mr.Hobbsthankedmeforthisreportandtoldmehewouldtalkovermysuggestionswithhisbrother,theco-ownerandmanagerofthefactory.“Wereinterestedinprogresshere,”hesaid.“Wewanttokeepupwiththetimes.”Healsogavemeacheckfor$100andaboxofshirtswithhiscompliments.,ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:,1.toldmehewouldtalkovermysuggestionswithhisbrother,talkover:discusssth.商量,ParagraphEighteenandNineteen,e.g.CanIseeyouamoment?Iveanimportantmattertotalkoverwithyou.Youdbettertalkitoverwithyourparentsbeforemakingadecision.,ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:,2.Wewanttokeepupwiththetimes.keepupwith:move,progressorincreaseasfastas跟上，保持一致，不落后,ParagraphEighteenandNineteen,e.g.Istartedtorun,sothatshehadtohurrytokeepupwithme.Hehasdifficultykeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.,ParagraphMeaning:,霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟该厂的另一位厂主兼经理讨论我的建议。“我们关心工厂的发展，”他说。“我们要跟上时代的步伐。”他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。,UsefulExpressions,工艺，工业美术,Efficiencywage,绩效工资,Industrialart,Upperclass,上层社会,Elementaryteacher,小学教师,擅长于，熟练于,Expertat/on/in,为打下/奠定基础,LaytheFfor,FBI,FBofInvestigation,UsefulExpressions,职业妇女,短期贷款,Careerwomen,Short-termloans,Projectoneself,突出/表现自己,单身未婚女子,Bachelorgirl,CPPCC,政协Conference,Rolluponessleeves,着手做事,缓解压力,Relievepressure,UsefulExpressions,背景图片,Backgroundpicture,Irregulartroops,非正规军,Absentfriends,远方的朋友,Workthenightshift,值夜班,Beautyshop/salon,美容院,Productiveforces,生产力,成品,Finishedproduct,After-readingActivities,SentenceStructure,Ispentaboutaweekmakingobservations.Exceptforahalfhour,therewerenobreaks.BigJimdidntusedtositbeforemeinmathclass.Mostcuriousofall,therewasnoqualitycontrol.,After-readingActivities,TranslationPractice,1.Itwasreportedthatthebuildingoftherailwayhadbeenheldupbyaflood.2.Thestrikeresultedinthemanagementsacceptingtheworkersdemands.3.Thecoalminersdecidedtogoonstrikeforbetterworkingconditions.4.IdlikeverymuchtobuytheEnglishdictionary.Unfortunately,Ihaventgotenoughmoneyonme.,5.IdliketotalkoverwithyouabouttheEnglishtranslationofthearticlebeforesendingittoMr.Hobbs.6.Theforeignexperthopestoachieveallhisaimsinthreeyears.7.Whatdoyouthinkascientistmustdoinordertokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentsinhisfield?8.Theauthorthinksthatifexcellentworkersgetfrequentpayincreasesandpromotions,theywillhavegreaterincentivetoproduce