大学英语四级考试写作技巧课件.ppt

大学英语四级写作备考讲座,WritingforCET4,提纲（Outline),1、四级评分原则和标准(PrinciplesandStandards)2、常见错误(Mistakes)3、应对策略(Strategies)4、常用句型（UsefulStructures),评分原则,1、检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级教学要求。2、采用总体评分（GlobalScoring)方法阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分（rewardscores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3、从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合判断。作文应表达题目所规定的内容。评分要考虑文章是否切题，是否清楚而合适地表达思想，语言错误是否造成理解障碍。,评分标准（按百分制评判）,1、满分15分2、阅卷标准分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分3、档次评分标准2分，5分，8分，11分，14分,2分一塌糊涂,条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。Nowdays,SocialappearedmoremorefreeAdmissionstomuseums.itsinordertopeoplewastedmoney.Inadition,richinpeopleslifeandincreasemoreknowldegesButsomepeoplethoughtfreeAdimssionstomuseumshavebroughtmuchproblems.Inhand,aplentyofpeoplevisited,5分糊里糊涂,基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多严重语言错误。Inordertoenrichthecultureofpeople,moreandmoremusuemswereprovidedfreeadmissions.Somebodythoughtitwouldtakesomeproblemslikethat.Thefirst,becauseoffreeadmissionsofMuseumswereattractedalargenumbersofpeoplewhointerestedinallaroundtheworld.Andthosewhotakepartineffectedthetrafficcrowedaroundthemuseums,eventhoughaffectedpeoplewholiveinnexttothemuseumlife,8分马马虎虎,基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，有一些是严重错误。Thereisaninterestingandinstractivepicturewhichgoeslikethis:Moreandmoremuseumsarefreeforpeople.Theywantmorepeoplegotomuseums.Butsomepeoplearguethatitmakesometroubleforfreeforpeople.Thereasonistheeconomyofthemuseumswouldbeworsethanbefore.Worstofall,itmaytakeamessformorepeoplecometothemuseums.,11分清清楚楚,切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误Nowmoreandmoremuseumsarefreewithoutchargetothepublic.Doesthatmakeanysence?Freeadmissiontomusuemshelpsussavemoney,butitalsoencouragesustogotomuseumstolearnsomethingelseandgetmoreknowledge.Thiscontributestoimprovethelivinglevelofthepublic.Itcancertainlyletusknowmoreaboutourcountryandtheworld,whichhasagoodeffectonourdevelopment.Everycoinhastwosides.Itcanalsobringsomeproblems.Forexample,14分漂漂亮亮,切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误。Example,FreeAdmissiontoMuseums?,越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放,目的是有人认为这样做会带来一些问题在我看来,Nowadays,moreandmoremuseumsareopentothepublicforfree.Freeadmissionstomuseumswillmotivatepeoplesinterestsinhistory,artsandscience.Inthisway,museumscanprovidepeoplewitheasieraccesstoknowledge,whichisofvitalimportanceforthewholenation.,However,somepeopleholdthatfreeadmissionstomuseumscanbringaboutmanyproblems.Sinceanybodycanenteramuseumwithoutpaying,themuseumcanbeovercrowdedanditwillbeadifficultjobformuseumstomaintaintheircollections.Besides,museumswillfacefinancialproblemssincetheycantmakeprofitsfromtheadmissionfee.Duetothedecreaseinprofits,museumshavelessmotivationtoup-datetheircollectionsandout-of-datemuseumscantavoidthefatetocloseupinthelongrun.,Inmyopinion,freeadmissionstomuseumsaregoodforthepublic,butontheotherhandtheymayposeproblemstothemuseummanagement.Governmentsshouldprovidehelptomuseumsandguidethemtoservethepublicbetter.,常见错误,1、篇章：引子过长，结构混乱2、句子结构：缺乏基本的句子意识，只有词汇的堆砌3、词汇：拼写、动词时态、名词单复数、形容词副词比较级别、固定搭配、词汇的选择等方面错误,应对策略,1、篇章：开门见山，直奔主题（紧扣所给提纲写出主题句）。使用合适的方法展开主题句（常用方法如：列举，因果，举例等）2、句子结构：适当使用从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、插入语，从而使文章句子结构稍微复杂而富于变化。3、词汇：尽量使用与主题相关的一些重要词汇，避开用得过于泛滥的词汇。,常用从句,1、Which引导的非限定性定语从句2、状语从句（结果、原因、时间、比较）Sothat;because/since;before/after,notuntil;while/whereas3、名词性从句（同位语从句、宾语从句）,倒装、非谓语动词和插入语的使用,1、notonlybutalsoOnlybycanNotuntildo2、分词做状语，动名词做主语或宾语3、适当插入一些副词或介词短语等Thismeasure,undoubtedly(inmyopinion),willeliminatethewasteofwater.,举例法典型段落结构,1、现象简要描述（主题句+扩展句）2、详细描述现象，运用举例方法（主题句+例1；2；3）(3、表明自己观点)例：2003年1月作文：ItPaystoBeHonest1)当今社会存在许多不诚实现象2）诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。,Nowadays,dishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.,Manydoctors,forexample,sellexpensivebutunnecessarymedicinestotheirpatientsinordertogetmoremoney.,Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.,Also,someadvertisementstellliessoastolurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.,Somefamousfigureshavecheatedthegovernmentonincometaxes.,英语四级作文八种常用句型,一.原因,1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(problem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude.4.Thechangein.largelyresultsfromthefactthat.5.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat.6.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is.7.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat8.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat,二.比较,1.Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.4.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.5.AandBhaveseveralpointsincommon.6.AandBdifferinseveralways.7.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.8.Peopleusedtothink.,butthingsaredifferentnow.,三.批驳,1)Itistruethat.,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.2)Somepeoplesay.,butitdoesnotholdwater.3)Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat.4)Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.5)Itmakesnosensetoarguefor.6)Toomuchstressplacedon.mayleadto.7)Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat.8)Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat.,四.后果,1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis.3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon.4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat.,五.举例,1)Agoodcaseinpointis.2)Asanillustration,wemaytake.3)Suchexamplesmightbegiveneasily.4).isoftencitedasanexample.,六.证明,1)Noonecandenythefactthat.2)Theideaishardlysupportedbyfacts.3)Unfortunately,noneoftheavailabledatashows.4)Recentstudiesindicatethat.5)Thereissufficientevidencetoshowthat.6)Accordingtostatisticsprovidedby.,itcanbeseenthat.,七.开篇,1)Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof.2)Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.3)Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic.4)Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong.