高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 2 Cloning课件 新人教版选修8.ppt

Unit2Cloning,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.differvi.不同;相异differentadj.不同的;差异的differencen.不同;差异2.exactadj.精确的;准确的exactlyadv.精确地;准确地mercialadj.商业的;贸易的commercen.商业;贸易4.straightforwardadj.简单的;直接的;坦率的5.undertakevt.着手;从事;承担undertook(过去式)undertaken(过去分词)6.castvt.扔;投;掷cast(过去式/过去分词),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.n.不赞成,反对;异议objectvi.反对,不赞成n.物体;目标objectiveadj.客观的;目标的;宾格的n.目标,目的8.mediumn.媒介;手段;工具media(pl.)9.obtainvt.获得;赢得10.conservativeadj.保守的,守旧的11.forbidvt.禁止,不准forbad(e)(过去式)forbidden(过去分词)forbiddenadj.被禁止的;禁用的12.accumulatevt.聚集,objection,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.constitutionn.宪法;章程constitutionaln.宪法的;符合宪法的pulsoryadj.必须做的,义务的;强迫的,强制的15.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于16.retirevi.退休;离开retiredadj.退休的retirementn.退休17.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰18.assumptionn.假定;设想assumevt.假定;设想assumingconj.假定;假设19.regulationn.规则;规章;法规regularadj.规则的;定期的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,20.strikevt.公道的reasonn.原因,理由,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清2.castdown使沮丧;使失望3.objectto反对,不赞成4.infavo(u)rof赞成;支持5.(be)boundto(do).一定或注定(做)6.oonesheart使刻骨铭心7.fromtimetotime不时,偶尔8.bringbacktolife使复活,使复生;使活跃起来9.invain白费力气;枉费心机10.ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏),情况很好(坏),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.她看起来是在正常成长,这一事实很令人鼓舞。Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.2.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.3.研究克隆的科学家沮丧地发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上。CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.4.多莉的死,正如她的出生一样,注定让人担忧。Dollysdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.5.其优点是,如果发生了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.,Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithastwomajoruses.Oneisthatgardenersuseit1.toproduce(produce)commercialquantitiesofplants.Theotheristhatitis2.valuable(value)forresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.However,theprocessofcloningisdifficult3.toundertake(undertake).Many4.attempts(attempt)toclonemammalsfailed.Thefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep,madethewhole5.scientific(science)worldfollowitsprogress,thoughithadmoreproblems6.thanthenormalsheep.Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearance7.raised(raise)astormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpact8.on/uponthemediaandpublicimagination.Somecountriesaccumulateabundantevidencethatcloningcouldprovideformedicalaid.9.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusand10.whereitisleadingus.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,differvi.不同;相异Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.考虑一下他们有什么不同。(教材原句P10)常见用法differin在方面不同differfrom与不同,不同于;与意见不一致differon/about/oversth.在上持不同意见Theydifferinsizebutnotinkind.它们只是大小不同,而实质是一样的。Wedifferaboutmoralstandards.我们对道德标准的看法不一致。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸1.differentadj.不同的;差异的bedifferentfrom与不同2.differencen.不同,差异makeadifference起作用;产生影响tellthedifference分辨差异现学活用用适当的介词填空1.Thetwosystemsdifferinmanyrespects.2.Peopledifferfromoneanotherintheirabilitytohandlestress.3.Thetwolawyersdifferedabout/on/overhowtopresentthecase.4.Thepublishingbusinessisnodifferentfromanyotherbusinessinthisrespect.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,undertakevt.着手;从事;承担;答应(做某事)Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。(教材原句P11)常见用法undertakesth.着手/承担/从事某事undertaketodosth.答应/着手做某事undertakethat.保证Thelawyerundertookthecasewithoutafee.这位律师免费承办那个案子。Willyouundertaketolethimknowwhathashappened?你能答应会把发生的事情告诉他吗?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.2.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。Icanundertakethatyouwillenjoythetrip.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,castvt.扔;掷;向投以(视线、笑容等)CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDollysillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.研究克隆的科学家沮丧地发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上。(教材原句P12),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,常见用法castdown丢下,扔下;使向下;使沮丧(常用被动语态)castoff抛弃,丢弃;与断绝关系castout扔出;驱逐castalook/glanceat向瞥一眼oprison把某人送进监狱castlighton/upon弄清楚Theenemycastdowntheirweaponsandsurrendered.敌人丢掉武器投降了。Cananybodycastlightonhowthischairgotbroken?谁能帮忙查清这把椅子坏掉的原因?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.那个小女孩拘谨地站在老师面前,垂下了目光。Standingtimidlybeforetheteacher,thegirlcastdownhereyes.2.他没找到工作,十分泄气。Hewasmuchcastdownbyhisfailuretofindwork.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,objectionn.不赞成;反对,异议Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面,多莉羊的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对,对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。(教材原句P12)常见用法raiseanobjectiontosth.对某事提出异议have/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对Noneofthemraisedanyobjection.他们谁也没提出反对意见。Thelittleboyhasastrongobjectiontogettingupsoearly.这个小男孩极不愿意这么早起床。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸1.objectvi.反对,不赞成n.物体;目标objecttosb./sth.反对或不赞成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反对做某事objectthat.反对2.objectiveadj.客观的;目标的;宾格的n.目标;目的Ireallyobjecttobeingchargedforparking.我非常反对收停车费。Iobjectedthathewastooyoungfortheposition.我反对的理由是他太年轻不适合这个职位。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembersobjectedtohaving(have)amatchwithoutastandardcourt.2.Mymainobjection(object)totheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,forbidvt.禁止;不准Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning.有些政府开始改革法律制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究(教材原句P12)常见用法forbid(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.sth.禁止某人某事Iforbidyoutotellanyone.我不许你告诉任何人。Mydoctorhasforbiddenmesugar.医生不许我吃糖。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸forbiddenadj.不允许的;禁用的Itisforbiddentodosth.禁止做某事现学活用完成句子1.在某些阿拉伯国家,妇女不戴面纱禁止外出。InsomeArabcountries,womenareforbiddenfromgoingoutwithoutaveil.2.该国禁止宗教信仰不同的人结婚。Itisforbiddeninthecountrytomarrysomeonewhoisnotamemberofthesamefaith.3.校长禁止在办公时间抽烟。也就是说,所有的老师都禁止在学校抽烟。Theschoolheadmasterforbidssmokingduringofficehours.Thatstosay,alloftheteachersareforbiddentosmokeatschool.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于Youowetheladyanapology.你必须向这位女士道歉。(教材原句P13)常见用法owesb.sth./owesth.tosb.欠某人某物owe.to.把归功于oweittosb.that.多亏某人Iowehimtendollars=Iowetendollarstohim.我欠他10美元。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteachersencouragement.这位年轻作家把自己的成功归功于老师的鼓励。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸表示“由于”的短语:owingto由于(作表语或状语)asaresultof因为,由于(作状语)thanksto多亏;由于(作表语或状语)onaccountof因为(作状语)Owingtoourjointeffortsthetaskwasfulfilledaheadofschedule.由于我们的共同努力,任务提前完成了。现学活用单句填空1.Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluckmorethantoability.2.Owing(owe)tomylackofexperience,Ididntdotheworkwell.3.IoweittoyouthatIpassedtheexaminations.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而,之后她患上了严重的肺病,这一问题使科学家们很困扰。(教材原句P14)常见用法bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人botherabout/withsth.为某事烦恼bothertodo/doingsth.操心做某事Itbotherssb.that.使某人苦恼的是Itbotherssb.todosth.做某事使某人苦恼Theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks.那个问题已经困扰我几个星期了。Itbothersmethathecanbesoinsensitive.他这样麻木不仁,我心里很不痛快。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Hey,ifyoucantenjoythatatasensiblevolume,pleaseusetheearphone.Imstudying.Oh,Imsorry.Ididntrealizeitwasbothering(bother)you.2.Imverysorrytohavebotheredyouwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.3.Aroundtwooclockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,strikevt.罢工n.罢(工、课等).proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeopleshearts.证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。(教材原句P15)常见用法1.oonesheart使刻骨铭心strikesb.in/onthe.打某人的(身体的某个部位)bestruckby/withsb./sth.被某人/某物打动Itstrikes/strucksb.that.某人突然想到2.goonstrike举行罢工beonstrike在罢工Shestruckhimonthenose.她打中了他的鼻子。Itstruckmethattherewasnooneathome.我突然想起家中没有人。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefathersdeeploveforhisson.2.Itstruckmethatshehadcometoreturnbooks.3.Hefeltthathewasstruckonthehead.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.但是科学家们的决心和耐心最终获得了回报,这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。(教材原句P11)Itsagoodfeelingtopayoffthehouseafteralltheseyears.经过这么多年,终于付清了购买房屋的贷款,这感觉真好。拓展延伸payback偿还payfor.支付的费用;付出代价;遭受惩罚Imustremembertopayyoubackfortheconcerttickets.我得记着要把买音乐会的票钱还给你。Illpayforher,andyoullpayyourself.我替她付账,你自己付款。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用pay的相关短语的适当形式填空1.TheathletesyearsofhardtrainingpaidoffwhenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.2.Hehadtoworkpart-timesoastopayforhiseducation.3.ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,infavorof赞成;支持Isitinfavorofcloningoragainstit?它是赞成还是反对克隆行为?(教材原句P12)拓展延伸beinfavorwithsb.得到某人的尊重、赞同等losefavorwithsb.失去某人的支持infavor受喜爱,受宠爱insbsfavor对某人有利dosb.afavor=doafavorforsb.帮某人忙owesb.afavor欠某人人情Ifyougooverboard,theprobabilitiesarenotinyourfavor.如果你鲁莽行事,那么形势将对你不利。Couldyoudomeafavor?能否请你帮我个忙?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用favor的相关短语完成句子1.你会赞成他的意见吗?Areyouinfavorofhisopinion?2.请帮忙把灯关掉好吗?Couldyoudomeafavorandturnoffthelight?3.我要请史蒂夫接受它。他欠我一个人情。IllaskStevetotakeit.Heowesmeafavor.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,(be)boundto(do).一定或注定(做);有责任或义务(做)Dollysdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.多莉的死,正如她的出生一样,注定让人担忧。(教材原句P14)拓展延伸beboundfor.准备去beboundupinsth.忙于某事;热衷于某事物beboundupwithsth.与某事物关系密切Heisboundupinhisworkwitholdpeople.他专心致志于与老年人相关的工作。Thewelfareoftheindividualisboundupwiththewelfareofthecommunity.个人福利与社会福利有着密切的关系。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.她一生致力于核物理学的研究工作。Herlifewasboundupinthestudyofnuclearphysics.2.他知道自己的前途与公司的前途紧紧地联系在一起。Heknowshisfutureiscloselyboundupwiththatofthecompany.3.这艘船驶向意大利。TheshipwasboundforItaly.4.在进行这项研究的过程中,我们必将遇到各种困难。Weareboundtomeetwithdifficultiesincarryingoutthisresearch.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,invain白费力气;枉费心机;无效的,无用的Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercomeillnesses.如果某个动物群体没有足够的多样性以战胜疾病,那么克隆这种动物的所有努力都将自费。(教材原句P15)拓展延伸inadvance提前indebt负债indespair失望地insurprise吃惊地inamazement吃惊地inreality事实上inreturn作为回报,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,ThechildsmouthformedabigOinsurprise.那个孩子的嘴巴惊讶地张成了O型。Inreality,thingsalwayshappenoutofexpectation.现实中,事情总是出乎意料。现学活用用in构成的短语填空1.Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwereinvainbecausenooneshowedanyattention.2.Beforevisitinghim,Icalledhimupinadvance.3.Hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers,inreturn,hewaslikedbyeveryone.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.渡渡鸟的灭绝时间相对较近,所以它的DNA仍然保存良好。(教材原句P17)拓展延伸beincondition健康,情形/状况良好beoutofcondition不健康,状况不佳underfavorable/difficultconditions在顺/逆境中onconditionthat如果,条件是onnocondition绝对不可(用于句首时部分倒装),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Athletesmusttraintobeincondition.运动员必须锻炼以保持良好的竞技状态。Youmaystayonconditionthatyoufinishyourhomeworkbeforesupper.如果晚饭前你能做完作业,那你就可以留下。Onnoconditionshouldyoumentionitbeforeher.你千万不要在她面前提起这件事。现学活用用condition的相关短语填空1.HellcomeonconditionthatIpromisetobuyhimthatnewdictionary.2.Onnoconditioncanyoutravelalone.3.Shearrivedlatebecauseherbicyclewasoutofcondition.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,同位语从句Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.她看起来是在正常成长,这一事实很令人鼓舞。(教材原句P11)本句是由that引导的同位语从句,解释说明fact的内容。同位语从句一般由that引导,个别情况下也可由when,where,how,why,whether等引导。同位语从句常放在fact,truth,news,information,idea,thought,hope,suggestion,advice,reply,remark,report等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.他当选美国总统的消息是真的。Ihavenoideawherethenewlibrarywillbebuilt.我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。Wemustfacethefactthatwehaverunoutofallthemoney.我们已花光了所有的钱,我们必须面对这一事实。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,特别提醒suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议,要求,命令”的名词时,后接同位语从句通常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词为“should+动词原形”结构,should可以省略。Theyalsorejectanysuggestionthattheyshouldmoveoutofthedistrict.他们也拒绝接受任何让他们搬出这个地区的建议。现学活用单句改错1.Thequestionthatweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasnotbeenansweredyet.(that改为whether)2.Theorderwhichweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.(which改为that),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,完全倒装ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。(教材原句P11)本句为倒装句。表示方位、时间或方向的副词,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out等置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装。Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,awayfledthethief.听到狗叫得厉害,小偷吓跑了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。特别提醒如果主语是人称代词,则不能用倒装结构。Herewego.我们开始吧!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.他打开门,一位他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。Heopenedthedoor.Therestoodagirlhehadneverseenbefore.2.现在轮到你了。Nowcomesyourturn.,一、单句填空1.(2015新课标全国卷改编)“You(forbid)tosayonefeels,orpeoplethink,”Lehanetoldthem.1.areforbidden。句意:“在这里不允许说有人觉得或者人们认为”,Lehane告诉他们。you与forbid为被动关系,故用被动语态。2.(2015上海高考改编)Aswemoveawayfromanindustrial-basedeconomytoaknowledge-basedone,officedesignerscomeupwithalternativesthetraditionalworkenvironmentsofthepast.2.to。句意:随着我们由产业经济时代进入到知识经济时代,办公室设计者已经想出了一些替代传统工作环境的事物。analternativeto.“的替代品”。3.(2015湖南高考改编)Asaninexperiencedteacher,Itriedeverymeanstogetthemtobequiet,butvain.3.in。句意:作为一个没有经验的老师,我想尽办法让他们安静,但是徒劳无果。invain“白费力气”。,4.(2015天津高考改编)struckmethatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.4.It。句意:我突然想到,和另一个队比赛对队里的姑娘们来说也是一个很好的学习机会。Itstrikessb.that.为固定句型,意为“某人突然想到”,此处It为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句。5.(2015广东高考改编)WhilewatchingTV,childrendonot(mere)absorbwordsandimages.5.merely。句意:在看电视的时候,孩子们不仅仅被文字和影像所吸引。句中应用副词merely来修饰动词absorb,意为“仅仅”。6.(2015福建高考改编)SeveralyearsagoIreceivedaletterfromseventeen-year-oldKerry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways(bother)bythings.6.bothered。根据语境可知,bother与其逻辑主语Kerry之间为被动关系,故此处用过去分词短语作定语修饰aworld-classfault-finder。,7.(2