丹麦养猪育种进展王余平.ppt

ProgressofDanishPigIndustryandDanishPigBreedingProgramme丹麦养猪育种进展,WangYuping王余平,DanishMeatAssociation丹麦肉食协会,DanishBaconDanishBaconandMeatCouncil组织机构：丹麦熏肉和肉食品委员会,DanBredInt.ExportbyTruckUsingHighHealthTransportation丹育国际采用高度健康汽车出口种猪,DanBredInt.exportbyAirplane丹育国际采用飞机出口种猪,SaleofgeneticmaterialinDenmark在丹麦种猪销售情况,DanBredmarketshare95-98%:丹育占95-98%的市场份额TheSPF-companySPF公司HattingAI，Hatting人工授精公司PrivateAIcompanies私人拥有的人工授精公司PICmarketshare2-5%PIC占2-5%的市场份额,Danishpigproduction丹麦养猪生产,1.08mio.Sows108万基础生产母猪9,769herds9,769个猪场(30,000in1990）（1990年有30,000）21.1mio.slaughterpigs屠宰2110万头猪Exportof3.03mio.Weaners出口303万头小猪和中猪Export0.471millionslaughterpigs出口47.1万头育肥猪,TheDanishpigproduction丹麦养猪生产,PigproductioninDenmark丹麦的生猪生产,BreedingStruture繁育体系,Breedingstructure育种结构,Fourbreeds(heterosis)四个品种（杂交优势）Specializedbreedingobjectives(breedtype)专门化选种标准（品种类型）42breeders9,200sows42个育种者，存栏9,200头基础母猪180multipliers46,000sows180个扩繁者，存栏46,000头基础母猪,BreedingStructure育种结构,Danishpigbreeds丹麦猪品种,No.ofbreedersandsows育种者数量和母猪存栏量,BreedingobjectiveLandrace&LargeWhite长白和大白选种标准,Breedingobjectives-Duroc+Hampshire杜洛克和汉普夏猪的选种标准,Geneticprogress,20052005年的遗传进展,ProductivityDanBredbreeds丹育种猪的生产性能,Testprogramme测定程序,OnStation测定站测定5,000malesperyear头公猪/年Dailygain30-100kg日增重Leanmeat,%瘦肉率%Feedconversion料肉比Conformation体型Killingout屠宰损失率,OnFarm农场测定95,000males/femalesperyear95,000头公/母猪/年Dailygain0-30kg日增重Dailygain30-100kg日增重Leanmeat,%瘦肉率Conformation体型LP5(L&Y)LP5(长白和大白）,Statisticalmethod数据统计方法,BLUPmethod最佳线性预测法Informationfromallrelatives包含了所有亲属的信息Simultaneouscorrectionofsystematiceffects系统效应的同时校正Multitraitanimalmodel多性状动物模型PEST/VCEprogrammePEST/VCE软件Indexisrecalculatedonceaweek每周计算指数一次Indexisavailableontheinternet(www.danavl.dk)网上公布指数,Geneticimprovementperyearoverthelast4years过去4年的年度遗传进展,Realizedgeneticimprovement实现的遗传进展,Numberofpigletsbornperlittergeneticprogress窝产仔数的遗传进展,Biotechnology,Danbredprojects生物技术，丹育项目,Thehalothanegeneeliminatedin1996，1996年清除了氟烷基因TheRN-geneeliminated2003，2003年清除了酸肉基因SensitivitytoE.coli149-F4isbeingeliminated正在清除E.coli149-F4敏感基因Presentprojects现在的项目PiggenomemapwithBGI，与BGI的猪基因图谱Noskatoleproduction，无粪臭素的生产Salmonellainfection，沙门氏菌的传染病PMWSinfection，PMWS传染病Markers/genesforherniasandchryptorchism，脐疝和隐睾的基因标记Biotechnology生物技术Fordiseaseresistance抗病Forbettermeatquality(?)更好的肉质？Butnotforimprovinggain,fertilityetc.不用于提高生长速度、繁殖性能等,F4-resistanceF4抵抗力,Motivation动机Improvedproductioneconomy提高生产经济效益Improvedanimalwelfare改良动物福利Reduceduseofantibiotics减少抗生素使用PublicRelations/politics公共关系/政治,F4-resistanceF4抵抗力,Background背景Annuallyapproximately200,000pigletsdieduetodiarrhoeacausedbyE.coliO149-F4每年接近20万头仔猪死于由E.coliO149-F4引起的腹泻Someanimalsareresistanttothebacteria部分仔猪对大肠杆菌有抵抗力AtKVLscientistshavedevelopedaDNA-testthatenablesustopickouttheresistantanimals在KVL，科学家开发了DNA检测用于挑选有抵抗力的猪Thus,itispossibletobreedforF4-resistance因此，有可能对F4-抵抗力选种,Morethan30pigletsweanedpersowperyear?!每头母猪每年断奶仔猪超过30头？！,Topgenetics最好的种猪Crossbreeding杂交计划Tophousing最好的猪舍Topmanagement最好的管理Phenotype=Genotype+Environment表现型=基因型+环境Nolossshouldhituswhichcanbeavoidedwithconstantcare(Maersk-Sealand)持久精心的管理可避免给我们造成损失,Thesecretsof30pigletspersow30头断奶仔猪/母猪/年的秘诀,Genetics品种Useofcrossfostering,nursingsows奶妈母猪Morepigletsleftwiththesow(13,not10or11)哺乳仔猪头数BuyingF1-replacementgiltsfromamultiplier从扩繁场购买F1代后备母猪Ensuringadequatevaccination保证适当的免疫Optimizingsowfeeds优化母猪饲料Focusonsimplicityofproductionanddetails,details,details.集中于生产的简单化、更详细,Herdexample举例,650sows,12months,31.2piglets/sow/year:650头母猪，12个月，31.2断奶仔猪/母猪/年：13.8livebornperlitter，13.8头活产仔/胎1.2stillbornperlitter1.2头死胎/胎0.9pigletsdeadduring(28daysof)lactation0.9头死亡哺乳期28天12.9weanedperlitter12.9头断奶/胎6daysemptyperlitter6天空怀期/胎91.4%farrowingrate91.4%分娩率24%firstparitysows24%第一胎母猪,Breedingobjective,fertility育种目标，繁殖力,Livepigsperlitteratday5asatraitofthesowLP5作为母猪的繁殖力的一个性状Compositetrait(littersizeandsurvival)综合性状（窝产仔数和成活率）Heritability1213%(TNB10%)遗传力0.12-0.13（窝产仔数的遗传力为0.1）RecordsfromLandraceandLargeWhitesowsinnucleusandmultiplication记录核心群和扩繁群的长白和大白繁殖成绩Expectedgainpergeneration:0.43piglets/litteratday5LP5的期望进展/世代：0.43头/胎,36384AHV28.November2003,Supersowaimofstudy超级母猪计划研究的目标,Increaseno.ofpigletsatweaningperlitterandpersow提高每头母猪每胎的断奶仔猪头数Improvemilkyield(=litterweightgain)提高泌乳量(=仔猪增重)Minimizedaysempty缩短空怀天数Reducediseasefrequencies减少疾病的发生频率,Supersowrecordingphase超级母猪计划-数据记录阶段,Datacollectionfrom28,143farrowings,259,349piglets28,143分娩记录，259,349头仔猪DataondaysopenDataonsurvival成活Dataonmilkyield泌乳量Dataondiseasetreatments疾病处理Dataoneaseoffarrowing分娩的难易Dataonbehaviour行为,Supersowproject超级母猪计划,LP5replacesTNBLP5替代窝产仔数,LP5livepiglets5daysafterfarrowingLP5-分娩后第5天的活仔头数Onlythegeneticcontributionofthesow母猪的遗传Economicvalue,heritabilityandgeneticvariationmeanslargeeffectofchange经济价值，遗传力和遗传方差Additionaladvantages:lesscrushed,bittenandstillbornpiglets,quickerandeasierfarrowings另外的优势：减少压死、咬死、死胎，分娩容易、产程缩短BUT:increasingneedforcrossfostering/nursingsows但是：需要更多的“奶妈母猪”,Meatquality肉质,PSE(thehalothanegene)，PSE(氟烷基因)RN-gene，酸肉基因pH24(ultimatepH)，pH24(最终的pH)，宰后冷却24小时，肉的pH值Waterholdingcapacity系水力Meatcolour肉色Intramuscularfat(IMF)，肌内脂肪(IMF)Boartaint(skatole/androstenone)，公猪的膻味（粪臭素/雄烯酮）,MeatQuality肉质,RNGene酸肉基因GeneticdisorderinHampshire汉普夏SinglegenewithlargeimpactonpH单个基因严重影响肉的pHIndextrait指数性状HalothaneGene氟烷基因GeneticdisorderinPietrain,LargeWhite,LandraceandDuroc皮特兰、大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克Singlegenewithlargeimpactondailygain,feedconversion,pct.meatandmeatquality(pH,colour,PSE)单个基因，影响生长速度、饲料转化率、瘦肉率和肉质(pH、肉色、PSE肉),技术质量对肉食作为初级生产的重要性,HalothaneSensitivity氟烷敏感,Increasedmortality死亡率增加Moremuscle瘦肉更多PSEmeatPSE肉Driploss滴水损失率Tenderness嫩度Decreasedprocessingbenefit降低加工效益,MortalityDuringTransport运输死亡率,AverageandstandarddeviationsforpH24inthefourpigbreeds,20012001年，四个品种猪的pH24值的平均值和标准差,Heritabilityofskatolefigures公猪膻味的遗传力,Drip