初中不定式复习课件.ppt

动词不定式,定义：To+动词原形常见形式：1.肯定式：todo2.否定式：nottodo3.疑问式：whtodo4.复合式：forsb.todoofsb.todo,不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidnttellmewheretogo.Idontknowwhattosaynow.Idontknowwhattodonext.Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer,“疑问词不定式”用法,不定式的复合结构:for/ofsbtodo,Its+clever,wise,kind,good,right,nice,wrong,bad,cruel,silly,foolish,careful,careless等表人的形容词+ofsbtodo.Its+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossible,important等表示事物的形容词+forsbtodo.Examples：Itishard_youtodoitwell.Itiskind_youtohelpme.,for,of,不定式的时态和语态,Examples,1.天开始下雨。(rain)Itbegan_.2.她假装在看书。(read)Shepretended_.3.汤姆好像病了一个星期了。(ill)Tomseems_foraweek.4.我的鞋需要补一补了。(mend)Myshoesneed_.,torain,tobereading,tohavebeenill,tobemended,不定式的功能:主语,TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.=ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.,主语过长后置,主语,形式主语,不定式功能2:表语,1.她的工作是照看病人。（look)Herjobis_.2.我的理想是当一名科学家。(be)Mydreamis_.3.Kate好像去纽约了。(go)Kateseems_NewYork.,tolookafterpatients,tobeascient,tohavegoneto,不定式功能3宾语:V.+todo,1.我想买台电脑。(buy)I_acomputer.2.她希望能找到一份更好的工作。She_abetterjob.常见接不定式宾语的动词：agree,begin/start,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,fear,forget,hate,hope,learn,like,love,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,refuse,remember,want,wish词组：wouldlike/lovetodo,cantaffordtodo,cantwaittodo,goontodo,waitforsbtodo,wanttobuy,hopestofind,不定式功能4宾补:.+sb.+todo,1.老师告诉他准时来。(tell)Theteacher_ontime.2.爱迪生的妈妈教他读书写字。(teach)Edisonsmother_.常接不定式宾补的动词：allow,ask,encourage,expect,get,help(to),invite,like,order,send,show,teach,tell,use,want,warn,wish,see,notice,hear,watch,let,have,make,总结：哪些词的后的to通常被省略？有下划线的单词在主动语态中省略符号to,在被动语态中要还原to：Someoneheardhersinginthenight.=Shewasheardtosinginthenight.,主要是表“看，听，使/让”的词后常省略to,toldhimtocome,taughthimtoreadandwrite,不定式功能：定语,不定式常在名词和不定代词后作定语：1.Givemesomethingtodrink.2.Ihavetwobookstoread.3.Heaskedforaroomtolivein.4.Idonthaveapentowritewith.5.Theiceishardenoughtoskateon.6.Hehasnopartnertoplaywith.注意：作后置定语的与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词,则要添加适当的介词，如例3,4，5，6。,不定式功能6：状语,1.形容词后作原因状语：(或称为形容词宾语)Imsorrytohearthat.2.目的状语：Hestoppedtotalkwithme.3.结果状语：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.Theboxisnotlightenoughformetocarry.TheboxissoheavythatIcancarryit.注意：tocarry的宾语it被去掉了。常见表状语的不定式结构：目的：stoptodo,trytodo,hurrytodo,inorderto,soasto,结果：tooto,(not)enoughto,补充：常用的不定式结构,1.haveto,usedto,happento,beusedtodo2.Itstime(forsb)todosth.Itssbsturntodosth3.Ifind/thinkitadj.todosth.4.taketimetodosthtaketurnstodosth5.hadbetter(not)dowouldrather(not)dowouldratherdoAthandoB=woulddoAratherthandoB=(would)prefertodoAratherthandoB6.why(not)do?,Ex.1.,Translatethefollowing:1.我们应该尽量上课别迟到。(try)Weshould_lateforclass.2.为了减肥，她宁可不吃肉。(prefer)She_inordertoloseweight.3.请告诉我下一步该怎么办。（do)Pleasetellme_next.4.我不知道怎样做出这道数学題。(work)dontknow_thismathproblem.5.你该发试卷了。（hand)Itstime_testpapers.6.那小孩不够大，不能上学。（enough)Thechildis_toschool.7.今天轮到我值日了。（duty)Itsmyturn_today.8.花了我一小时写完这封信。（finish)Ittookmeanhour_thisletter.,trynottobe,prefersnottoeatmeat,whattodo,howtoworkout,foryoutohandout,notoldenoughtogo,tobeonduty,tofinishwriting,Ex.2,根据提示完成句子：1.上大学是她的梦想。(go)_isherdream.=Itsherdream_.2.你当众吐痰是不礼貌的。(spit)Itsimpolite_inpublic.3.你的衬衣脏了，需要洗洗了。(need)Yourshirtisdirtyand_.4.有人看见Tom今天早晨乘火车去伦敦了。(see)Tom_toLondonbytrainthismorning.5.对我来说得到这份工作很重要。(get)Itsveryimportant_.6.那老头连住的房子都没有。(live)Theoldmanevenhasno_.7.为了挣钱他没日没夜地工作。(order)Heworksdayandnight_.8.妈妈叫她熬夜不要太晚了。(stay)Mumasked_toolate.,Togotocollege,togotocollege,ofyoutospit,needstobewashed,wasseentogo,formetogetthejob,housetolivein,inordertomakemoney,hernottostayup,扩充1：常与-ing连用的结构,1.单词:allow,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,miss,practice,suggest,2.词组:decideon,canthelp,planon,succeedin,lookforwardto,feellikedoing;beusedfordoing;keepondoing;spend(in)doing;keepsbdoingsth.;stop/keepsbfromdoing;thanksbfordoing;get/beusedtodoing,preferdoingAtodoingBhavefun(in)doing;havetrouble/difficulty/problemdoing;,扩充2：同时接to-do和ing的动词,区别下列结构：1.begin/starttodo&doing2.goon/continuetodo&doing3.like/love/hatetodo&doingtaketurnstodo&doing4.forget/reme