高中英语 Unit4 Sharing Grammar课件1 新人教版选修7.ppt

Unit4Sharing,限制性定语从句,RestrictiveAttributiveClause,Grammar,Theyarekindandwarm-heartedpeoplewhocangivetime,energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities,expectingnothinginreturn.,ARiddle(谜),Whoarethey?,在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。（起定语的作用）,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。,3.关系词：,定语从句,关系代词,关系副词,which,that,who,whom,whose，as等,where,when,why,在定语从句中作主语,宾语,定语和表语,在定语从句中作状语,1.定义：,引导定语从句的词。起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作成分的三重作用。,Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.,先行词,定语从句,关系词,Theman,wholivesnexttous,who,Themansellsvegetables.Helivesnexttous.,合并句子图示,共有词,主句：从句：,共有词,关系词,共有词,关系词,主句从句,Thegirlgotfirst.Herfatherhadgivenusareport.,Thegirlwhosefatherhadgivenusareportgotfirst.,把两个句子合成一个含有定语从句的复合句,一、定语从句中关系代词that，which，who,whom,whose的用法,关系代词的用法,人；物,物,人,人,(人/物)的,主,宾,表,主,宾，表,主,宾，表,宾语,定语,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,作宾语可省,可省,不可省,口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,Note1,请牢记：只用that不用which的情况：1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything_Iwaslookingfor.,that,that,that,先行词中既有人又有事物时用that.,先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,先行词被theonly,thevery,thejust,thelast修饰时用that,4.Thereisabookonthedesk_Ilike.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_isreadingunderthetree?,that,that,that,当主句是here,there以开头时用that,先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时用that,当主句是以which,who开头的特殊疑问句时用that,关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose都可以引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，使用时要考虑两点：1.先行词是“人”还是“物”；2.关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。首先,当先行词是“人”时：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用that/who；关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/that/who.其次,先行词如果是“物”时：可用关系代词that/which来充当主语或者宾语；whose可指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。另外，还要熟记一般只用that引导定语从句的几种情况。,Summary,关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时,可以把从句的介词提前至关系代词前，这时定语从句由介词+关系代词引导。,二、“介词+关系代词which(指物)/whom(指人)引导的定语从句,ThisisthefactorywhichIworkedintenyearsago.,ThisisthefactoryinwhichIworkedtenyearsago.,=where,Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.,1.Iwillgiveyouthebook_youaskedfor.=Iwillgiveyouthebook_youasked.2.Wemettheman_wetalkedabout.=Wemettheman_wetalked.,(that/which),forwhich,(whom/that/who),aboutwhom,介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是物,关系代词只能用which，而不能用that。,介词+关系代词引导定语从句时,如先行词是人,关系代词只能用whom，而不能用that和who。,关系代词前的介词如何确定:,IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIwasborn.1996istheyearinwhichyouwereborn.,小结1.根据所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配来判断,HongKongisthecityfromwhichhecomes.Youarethestudentswithwhomyourheadteacherisstrict.,小结2:看定语从句中动词与介词或形容词与介词的搭配来判断,WuSongwasthemanbywhomthetigerwasbeaten.,小结3：根据定语从句的意义来判断,2.介词关系代词前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或数词+of。,Therearemanyappleshere,someofwhichhavegonebad.Hehas3sons,twoofwhomaredoctors.,=andsomeofthem,=andtwoofthem,1)Hesentusmanybooks,noneof_islikedbyall.2)Hesentusmanybooks,butnoneof_islikedbyall.3)Hesentusmanybooks.Noneof_islikedbyall.4)Hesentusmanybooks;Noneof_islikedbyall.A.themB.thatC.whichD.none,C,A,A,要注意句中是否有并列连词but,and,or等,A,像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.,1.Thisistherock_theboyfelldownintothesea.2.Thefilmstar_wetalkedalotyesterdaywillgiveusaspeechtomorrow.3.TheWestLake_Hangzhouisfamousintheworldwillbemorebeautiful.4.Thesubject_XiaoWangisgoodisphysics.,fromwhich,aboutwhom,forwhich,atwhich,请用“介词+which或whom”完成以下句子,5.Thereason_hecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradeswastoolow.6.Theprofessor_Mr.Smithshookhandsyesterdayhasmadenewdiscoveriesinscience.7.Couldyoutellmetheday_youarrived?8.Iwilltreasurethedays_Ilivedhere.,withwhom,onwhich,inwhich,forwhich,Summary,“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词后的关系代词不能用that。先行词指物时，介词后的关系代词用which；指人时用whom.,三、定语从句中关系副词when,where,why的用法,1.关系副词where,ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark.,inwhich,atwhich,地点状语,which,2.关系副词when,TheyllneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.,Thedayswhenwelivedtogetherhappilyaregoneforever.,onwhich,duringwhich,时间状语,which,Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravelingformanyreasons.,3.关系副词why,why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”。,Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.,forwhich,1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Iliveinthefarm.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why2.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.forwhichB.forwhatC.whichD.that,Exercises,3.Isthatthereason_youareinfavoroftheproposal?A.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat,4.Icanstillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,5.Whocanthinkofasituation_thisidiomcanbeused?A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat,注意：当先行词是situation,case,point,position,stage等表抽象地点的词时，定语从句中缺少状语，也要用where引导。,ThisisthepointwhereIdontagree.,ThepolicearelookingintothecasewheretwoVIPswerekilled.,注意：当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，定语从句的引导词在从句中做状语时才用关系副词when、where、why；如做主语、宾语、表语仍用关系代词that、which,1).Thisistheplace_heworks.Thisistheplace_wevisitedlastyear.2).Thatwastheday_hearrived.Doyoustillremembertheday_wespenttogether?3).Thisisthereason_heleft.Thereason_hegaveuswasquitereasonable.,where,which/that,when,that/which,why,that/which,选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语,则选择相应的关系_。当先行词在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,则选择相应的关系_。,副词when,where,why,代词that,which,who,whom等,Summary：关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,五、定语从句中需注意的问题,Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,_facessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,_facessouth.,thewindowofwhich,ofwhichthewindow,注意：Note1:whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.,Filltheblankwiththeproperrelatives.,Theteachers_arepresentareallexperiencedteachers.2.Ourclassisabigfamily_consistsof50girlsand32boys.3.Davidistheboy_Englishisverygoodinourclass.4.Idlikearoom_windowlooksoutoverthesea.5.Thedoctor_youarelookingforisintheroom.,who/that,which/that,whose,whose,(whom/who/that),主语,主语,定语,定语,宾语,1)Heisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho_(have)gottheteacherspraise2)Heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho_(have)gottheteacherspraise,has,have,Note3.先行词是theway时,Idontliketheway_helooksatme.2.Idontliketheway_hetoldme.,(that/which),当theway先行词时，定语从句缺状语，可用that，inwhich或不用关系词；但如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，还是要用关系代词that或which,Note4.由as引导的限制性定语从句，常用于下列句式：suchas像一样的，thesameas和同样的,Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.,六.定语从句中易混易错经典题型,1.Isthispen_youlostyesterday?2.Isthisthepen_youlostyesterday?thatB.inwhichC.theoneD.ofwhich,一.注意有无先行词,C,A,3.Itwas1997_HongKongreturnedtoChina.4.Itwasin1997_HongKongreturnedtoChina.whenB.thatC.whereD.which,A,B,二.定语从句与强调句的区别,5.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschoolforthefirsttime.6.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.whenB.whereC.whichD.inwhich,A,C,三.定语从句的连词选定要看在从句中的作用,7.Peterisoneofthestudents_bestinhisclass.8.Peteristheonlyoneofthestudents_bestinhisclass.whosingsB.whosingC.whosesingD.thatsing,四.先行词的选定,B,A,9.Hehastwosons,both_aredoctors.10.Hehastwosons,andboth_aredoctors.ofthemB.whoC.ofwhomD.ofwhich,五.定语从句与并列句的区别,C,A,总结：1.定语从句要避免成分重复2.定语从句要避免漏用关系词3.引导定语从句的关系词要使用正确4.从句要用陈述句的语序5.定语从句中谓语动词的单复数要注意,Playthegame:Wordsguessing,Wordsguessing,1.apersonwho/thatteachesustolearnthings2.apersonwhosejobistomakeyouunderstandwhatpeoplearesayinginanotherlanguage3.thethingthatyouneedwhenyoubuysomething,teacher,interpreter,money,4.thebookthat/whichweuseeverydayinschool5.theplacewherewewerebornandgrowup6.thedatewhenwewereborn7.thingsthatweneedtowearwhenwecantseethingsclearly,textbook,hometown,birthday,glasses,8.areasonwhysomeoftheboyscantlearnwell9.apersonwhocangivetime,energyandtalentstohelpothersinneedandservetheircommunities,expectingnothinginreturn.10.alargebrushwhich/thatisusedtosweepthefloor,laziness,volunteer,broom,Correctthesentences-Goupwork,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.DoyouknowthemanhisnameisTom?3.ThepartywasheldbytheSmithslastweekwasabigsuccess.4.Isthistheschoolwhichdidyousetuplastyear?5.ChengduisthemostbeautifulcitywhichIveeverseen.6.Moyanandhisworkswhichhavebeenreportedhaveattractedourattention.,whose,which/that,that或删去which,that,Practicemakesperfect!,Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what,C,练一练！,2.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom,C,3.Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as,A,4.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which,A,5.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who,A,6.Oldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_arebuiltclosetoeachother.theyB.whereC.whatD.that,D,7.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich,C,8.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten9.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing,A,C,10.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?,D,Isthisthefactory_wevisitedlastweek?,A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theone,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,11.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_Iknow.A.ItB.whereC.thatD.which12.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady_comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose,C,A,1.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five_wereEnglishnovels.,A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhich,A,Choosetherightanswer.,2.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.,A.allofthemB.eitherofthemC.allofwhichD.bothofthat,C,3.Doyouremembertheday_yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?A.whichB.onwhichC.aboutwhichD.不填,B,4.Thebus,_wasalreadyfull,wassurroundedbyanangrycrowd.A.whichofmostB.mostofwhichC.whichofthemostD.mostofthat,B,5.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A.thatB.withwhichC.whichD.withoutwhich,D,Practicemakesperfect!,Thehouse_weliveisnotbig.Thehouse_weliveinisnotbig.,D,B,A.inthatB.whichC.inwhichD.where,3.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine_Ithought.A.asB.thatC.whichD.不填,4._youknow,heisafamousmusician.A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.不填,A,A,5.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A.whenB.whatC.whichD.why,C,Shewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.,A,6.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarIamnotinterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayi