英语语法第七讲非谓语动词.ppt

语法专题复习,第七讲非谓语动词,考点透析1不定式、分词、动名词的否定式都是在其前面加not/never。(1)Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughternevertodriveafterdrinking.(2)Notknowingwhattodo,Iwanttotheteacheradvice.(3)Iapologizetoyoufornottellingyouthetruthimmediately.,2不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。不定式、分词、动名词的完成式表动作在谓语之前发生。(1)Whenmothercameintotheroom，Sidpretendedtobeworkinghardathislesson.(2)Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(3)Havingfinishedallmyhomework,IwentouttoplayfootballwithLiMing.(4)Theboywasseverelypunishedbyhisfatherforhavingtoldlies.,3不定式做定语时，如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具、地点，不定式后就应有必要的介词。Therearefivepairstochoosefrom，butImatalosswhichtobuy.4不定式主动表被动的几种情况：在Therebe结构中，做定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。,Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.不定式做定语时，如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，但是又可在句子中找到另一个词做不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动语态。Wouldyoupleasegivetheboysomethingtoread?(something是read的宾语，theboy是read的逻辑主语，不定式用主动语态。)注意比较下列两个句子：Ihavesomeletterstotype.(Iwilltypethelettersmyself.)Doyouhaveantletterstobetyped,sir?(Iwilltypethelettersforyou.),5关于不定式的省略在连词than，as后、介词except，but，besides后，如果前有实义动词do的某种形式，动词不定式一般不带to，反之则带to。(1)Inthatcase，thereisnothingyoucandothanwait.(2)Helikereadingnovelsbesidestoplaythepiano.使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,watch,hear,observe后接不定式做宾补时要省to，但在被动语态中，to不能省。(1)Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeoplehaveitdo.(2)Pauldoesnthavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.,6admit，advise，avoid，appreciate，canthelp，consider，delay，deny，escape，enjoy，finish，feellike,fancy，imagine，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。(1)Ireallyappreciatehavingtimetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(2)Theboywasluckyenoughtoescapebeingpunished.,7remember，forget，try，mean，regret，stop，goon后接不定式做宾语与接动名词做宾语，意义有很大区别，必须牢记。regretdoing因做过某事而后悔，动作已发生regrettodo因将做某事而遗憾，动作没发生rememberdoing记得做过某事，动作已发生remembertodo记得去做某事，动作没发生forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事，动作已发生forgettodo忘记做某事，动作没发生,meandoing意味着meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做stoptodo停止做某事而做另一件事trydoing尝试做trytodo努力做,(1)Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.(2)Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregrethavingdonethat.(3)Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?(4)Masteraforeignlanguagedoesntmeanlearningitinclassonly.,8lookforwardto，payattentionto，stickto，devoteto，makecontributionsto，beusedto，getusedto，objectto中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1)Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.(2)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosettingupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.9在“Thereisno主语”句型中，常用动名词做主语。Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappeninthefuture.(Thereisnotelling.Itisimpossibletotell.)Thereisnodenyingthatheplottedthisrebellion.无可否认，他策划了这次谋反。,(1)Foundedin1636，HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(不用beingfounded)(2)Thehousebeingbuiltinourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughtheresnoisemostofthedaywestillfeelhappyaboutit.(beingbuilt是定语，正在“被修建”的“房子”)(3)TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveacompletelydifferentwordorder.(不用beingtranslated),11关于分词选定的原则分词短语做定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语做状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。(1)Seenfromthemountain，thecitylooksbeautiful.(2)Seeingfromthemountain，wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.,(第一句：thecity“被看”，用过去分词；第二句：“我们看”，表主动，用现在分词),(3)Thecomputercenter，openedlastyear，isreallypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.(thecomputercentre“被开办”，用过去分词opened)(4)TheboyrunningontheplaygroundisfromEngland.(男孩是“跑”的执行者，用running),12judgingfrom/by，considering，generallyspeaking，roughlyspeaking，strictlyspeaking，personallyspeaking，franklyspeaking，talkingof，grantedthat等引导的分词短语在句中做插入语，说明全句。(1)Judgingfromhisaccent，hemustbefromGuangdong.(2)Generallyspeaking，girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.,13关于过去分词givengiven的基本意思是“给”。另外，它还有“特定的”、“假设的”意思，根据上下文，又可把它引申为“考虑到”，在句中做条件状语。(1)Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(2)Givenhisage，theperformanceisreallygreat.(Givenhisage，考虑到他的年纪),14分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，如果不一致，就要在分词前加上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。(1)Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.(分词的逻辑主语是she，与句子的主语一致，是现在分词做状语)(2)Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.（hismotherbeingill是独立主格结构做状语）。观察下列独立主格结构，请注意它们与分词短语做状语的区别。,Everythingbeingready,westartedout.（表原因）“Mama!”hecriedsuddenly,tearsrollingdownhischeeks.（表伴随情况）Weatherpermitting,wewillgoouting.（表条件）Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,wefeltverydisappointed.（表原因）Alltheguestshavingarrived,thepartywasdeclaredopen.（表时间）,15不定式、动名词、分词做定语的区别,比较下列