非谓语动词复习要点.ppt

TheNon-PredicateVerbs,非谓语动词形式,当给猫适当的训练时，它也能做出让人惊奇的事。(when)Whentheyaretrainedproperly,catscandosomethingamazing.Whentrainedproperly,catscandosomethingamazing.那个很像他兄弟的人实际上是一个演员。(resemble)Themanwhoresembleshisbrotherisactuallyanactor.Themanresemblinghisbrotherisactuallyanactor.在我们日常生活中，由塑料制成的产品随处可见。(make)Inourdailylife,theproductswhicharemadeofplasticcanbeseeneverywhere.Inourdailylife,theproductsmadeofplasticcanbeseeneverywhere.,琼提议向父母或朋友寻求关于找工作的建议。(suggest)Joansuggestedthatweshouldaskparentsorfriendsforadviceonhowwecouldfindajob.Joansuggestedaskingparentsorfriendsforadviceonhowtofindajob.这个游客让大巴上其他人等了很久，为此他感到非常抱歉。(sorry)Thetouristfeltsorrythathehadkepttheotherpeopleonthecoachwaitingforalongtime.Thetouristfeltsorryforhavingkepttheotherpeopleonthecoachwaitingforalongtime.Thetouristfeltsorrytohavekepttheotherpeopleonthecoachwaitingforalongtime.,非谓语动词种类非谓语动词定义在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式有动词不定式(theInfinitive)-todo动名词(theGerund)-doing现在分词(thePresentParticiple)-doing过去分词(thePastParticiple)-done,非谓语动词的句法功能,一、作主语1.不定式Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用形式主语it作形式主语Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itis+形容词(+of/forsb.)+todosth.通常用of的词有brave,clever,careful,hopeless,silly,foolish,stupid,wise,naughty,kind,good,generous,nice,considerate,thoughtful等。Itisveryhardforthosewhohaveneverbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.ItwasgenerousofRicktodonate$1,000totheHopeProject.,一、作主语2.动名词Takingexerciseearlyinthemorninghasbecomepartofherretiredlife.Herecognizedthatdonatingbloodrequireslittleworkandvirtuallynopainwhilehelpingsavelives.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Itsnousequarrellingwiththem.有时加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常是名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词Peterscominglatemadethepresidentangry.Yourpassingtheexamwillpleaseallyourfamily.,二、作表语1.不定式Theonlydifficultyistogetmoreorchids.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.Manyproblemsstillremaintobesolved.Whathecoulddothenwas(to)findadoctor.2.动名词Theonlydifficultyisgettingmoreorchids.Oneofthewayswouldbemovingtheconcerthalltoanotherplace.,二、作表语3.现在分词Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.Thepresentsituationisinspiring.4.过去分词Theywerefrightenedattheterriblesight.Thewindowisbroken.现在分词表“令人”，过去分词表“感到”amazing/amazed;confusing/confused只用过去分词，表示状态、特点等upset,distinguished,married,experienced,crowded,unexpected,三、作宾语1.常跟不定式的动词afford,agree,aim,ask,appear,choose,dare,decide,decline,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hope,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,undertake,volunteer,wish,hesitate,long,bother,tend,trouble等2.常跟动名词的动词acknowledge,admit,advocate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,fancy,forgive,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,resist,risk,suggest,understand等,Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_(catch).Iwouldappreciate_(you,call)backthisafternoon.Wehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals_(kill).Wereconsidering_(practise)_(speak)Englishinpairsafterclass.Idontwant_(sound)likeImspeakingillofanyone,butthemanagersplanisunfair.Ihadntexpected_(give)suchawarmwelcome.,beingcaught,yourcalling,beingkilled,tobegiven,tosound,practising,speaking,3.两者均可，差异不大(多用todo)attempt,begin,continue,hate,intend,learn,like,love,prefer,start等4.两者均可，意义不同forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean,canthelp,beusedto,goon等动词Heforgot_(tell)metoposttheletter.Ishallneverforget_(find)thatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.Remember_(write)touswhenyougetthere.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.,towrite,finding,totell,torest,InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_(wait)foranotherhour.Iregret_(tell)youthatIcantgotoyourbirthdayparty.Theyregretted_(agree)totheplan.Hetried_(pretend)toshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.Shetried_(read)anovel,butthatcouldntmakeherforgethersorrow.Ididntmean_(hurt)you.Afriendindeedmeans_(help)othersfornothinginreturn.Shedidntremember_(meet)himbefore.,waiting,totell,agreeing,topretend,reading,tohurt,helping,havingmet,9.Shecanthelp_(clean)thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.10.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.,beingpersuade,(to)clean,5.在SVOC句型中，用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面Wefeelitourdutytohelptheneedy.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it)Ifindithardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.他没有说清楚他回来的时间.(it)Hehasntmadeitclearwhenheiscomingback.6.动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing/toberepaired.Thepointwantsreferringto.,常跟动名词的短语cannotstandbeabsorbedincongratulatesb.onhavetrouble(in)preventsb.fromspendtimeormoneyinwastetimeormoneyinThereisnopointingiveupbeworthfeellikeinsistonkeeponsucceedindreamofaccusesb.of,to是介词的常用固定结构lookforwardtodevoteto/bedevotedtobe/getusedtogetdowntopayattentiontobelimitedtoamounttocontributetoleadtorefertopointtoobjecttoequaltobelongto,Thelittleboyenteredtheclassroomwithout_(notice).Iapologizefor_(not,keep)mypromise.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_(setup)someschoolsforpoorchildren.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.HedidnothinglastSundaybut_(repair)hisbike.Onlyoneofthesebooksisworth_(read).,settingup,nothavingkept,beingnoticed,walking,repair,reading,四、宾语补足语1.主+谓+宾+todosth.want,wish,expect,desire,ask,tell,order,beg,advise,allow,permit,help,persuade,prepare,cause,force,oblige,invite,require,remind,inform,callon,waitfor,arrangefor,appealto,dependon等不用于此句型的动词：demand,suggest,hope,agree2.主+谓+宾+dosth.make,let,have,feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe等Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.,四、宾语补足语3.主+谓+宾+doingsth.have,get,keep,leave,feel,hear,listento,find,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,catch等。Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.4.主+谓+宾+doneIheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.,Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_(interest)inhislectures.InthedreamPetersawhimself_(chase)byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_(steal)andletheroff.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_(grow)upfromchildhood.Johnwasmade_(wash)thetruckforaweekasapunishment.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_(invent)thefirstcomputer.Thepatientwaswarned_(not,eat)oilyfoodaftertheoperation.,interested,chased,stealing,grow,towash,tohaveinvented,nottoeat,四、宾语补足语5.with复合结构Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry.Withsomuchwork_(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.Sorry.Withmymind_(fill)withsomuchwork,Ialmostbreakdown.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblems_(settle),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.,filling,filled,finished,tosettle,五、定语1.不定式与所修饰名词有动宾关系：Ihaveanimportantmeeting_(attend).Thechildhasnothing_(worry).Haveyougotanythingtobetakentoyourfather?说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplan_(finish)ention,promise,invitation,way,time,wish,ideachance,opportunity等被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Chinaisthethirdcountry_(send)amanintospace.,toattend,toworryabout,to,tosend,五、定语2.动名词Hecantwalkwithoutawalking-stick.Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool.Thecave,hishiding-place,issecret.Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradio,remainsunchanged.,五、定语3.现在分词单个分词做定语时，放在名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。一般说来，havingdone,havingbeendone不作定语。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.ThemanspeakingtotheteacherisTomsfather.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeaking可改为themanwhoisspeakingTherewasaterriblenoise_(follow)thesuddenburstoflight.Atpresent,thereisanewsupermarket_(build)inthesouthofthetown.,following,beingbuilt,五、定语4.过去分词OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendtomorrowsmeeting.Languageexpertsclaimthatchildren_(expose)totheEnglish-speakingenvironmentwillpickupEnglishquickly.Lookathis_look.Itseemsasifhehadmeta_tiger.(frighten),exposed,frightened,frightening,请用动词build的适当形式填空:Thebeautifulhouseoverthere_lastyear_now_nextyearisintendedfortheagedpeople.,built,beingbuilt,tobebuilt,TheTownHall_(complete)inthe1800swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.Theoldman,_(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.Sheistheonlyonetothinkthereisnoneed_(carry)outtheplan.Werelookingforwardtoattendingtheopeningceremonyoftheartfestival_(hold)tomorrow.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_(say)“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”Mostofthepeople_(invite)tothepartywerefamousscientists.Hisanxiety_(leave)theofficewasobvious.,completed,havingworked,tocarry,tobeheld,saying,invited,toleave,五、状语1.不定式(1)表示目的Tokeepusingoodhealth,weshouldsparesometimetodoexerciseeveryday.Shesoldherringtobuyherhusbandapresent.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致Wrong:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.Inordernottodisturbhisparents,hegotupearlyandcookedbreakfasthimself.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_(not,lose)hisjob.,inordernottolose,(2)表示结果(常用only放在不定式前表示强调)Hearrivedattheairport,only_(tell)theactresshadleft.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglisharesotrivialashardly_(notice).(3)与形容词连用Itstoodarkforus_(see)anything.Thequestionissimpleforhim_(answer).,tobetold,tobenoticed,tosee,toanswer,五、状语2.分词Whilewatchingtelevision,_.A.thedoorbellrangB.weheardthedoorbellringC.thedoorbellringsD.weheardthedoorbellrings_moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenHedroppedtheglass,_(break)itintopieces.Though_(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.Though_ofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.,told,breaking,raining,五、状语3.独立结构Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinishedThefield_(plough),hebegantospreadseed.Time_(permit),welldoanothertwoexercises.There_(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.,ploughed,permitting,being,五、状语4.特殊形式作状语分词类：Generallyspeaking总的说来，Strictlyspeaking严格地说，Judgingfrom/by从判断，Talkingof说到，Allowingfor/Considering考虑到，Counting算上，Given考虑到,不定式类：Totell(you)thetruth,老实说，Tobeginwith,首先，Tobeexact/brief,精确地说/简言之，Toconclude,Tosumup,总而言之，Todohimjustice,说