《定语从句补充》PPT课件.ppt

,定语从句,当你拥有激情、兴奋和动机，不断向前进，永远向前进，任何事情都可能发生。你要牢牢记住：没有任何事情能让你气馁。如果你认为你气馁了，那么告诉自己-千万不要气馁，立刻振作起来。激励你内心中的那个巨人，保持前进-不断向前迈进。永远依照积极的原则生活，这就是成功的秘诀。,考查题除单项填空外，短文改错也常涉及该语法项目。具体内容为：1which在非限制性定语从句中的应用及限定与非限定的区别。2as和which的区别。3that和which的区别。4关系代词和关系副词的选择。5做定语用的whose的用法。6名词、代词、数词（分数/百分数）等词+of+which/whom的用法。7who和that的区别。,一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,5Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：whose+n.指物时常用下列结构来代替：the+n.ofwhich或ofwhich+the+n.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.,注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误),“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。名词、代词、数词（分数/百分数）等词+of+which/whom的用法。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoourschool.Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.,五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.,非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.LastsummerIvisitedthePeoplesGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.去年夏天，我参观了人民大会堂，在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。,（四）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如：Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如：Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.众所周知，Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.正如你所知，ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdontbelieve.,注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。如：Iveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。,(五)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.（六）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.Iknowaplace_wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplace_isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.C.Thisisthereason_hewasdismissed.Thisisthereason_heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.,where,which/that,when,that/which,why,that/which,（八）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中有一定的意义。Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.Thequestionthatheraisedpuzzledallofus.Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.,1.Twofirefighterssuccessfullyrescuedthebabygirlfromthefire.2.The1998floodhasbeenoneofthegreatestdisastersthathitChinatheseyears.3.SinceZhangjiajiewasdevelopedintoanationalpark,moreandmoreforeignfriendshavecomehereforavisit.4.IhopeyoucanfinishwritingthepaperbeforetheMondaydeadline.5.Chinaistryingtotakeeveryopportunitytohelpmostpeoplelivearicherandbetterlife.6.Inhisnewlypublishedbook,hewroteabouthisunforgettabletriptoChinain2000.7.Manymuseumsweredestroyedduringthewar.8.Believeitornot,manysuccessfulpeoplewereverynaughtywhentheywereyoung.,九其他考查点,1当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。theonlyoneof+(pl.)n.+关代+单v.oneof+(pl.)n.+关代+复v.2.Isthisfactorytheoneyouvisitedlastyear?Isthisthefactory(that/which)youvisitedlastyear?3.Hestayedwherehewasborn.attheplacewhere/inwhichhewasborn.4.Therearemanybooksfromwhichtochoose.whichyoucanchoosefrom.tochoosefrom.Mypenwithwhichtowritewasboughtbymyfather.whichIwritewith(介词+which+todo),5.ItwasonOct.1,1949thatthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.ItwasOct.1,1949whenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.6.定语从句中不可再出现与关系词相同的词。e.g:IdorememberyouhavingapologizedtotheoldladyImetherlastweek.(去掉)7.介词+which/whom;介词的确定e.g:Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.Thegardenerwascalledtotellthewaythepoordoghaddied.,towhom,inwhich,两个原则：定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配而定；根据先行词的特殊用法而定。,1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where3.Thegentlemanyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseatisfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that5.Theoldmanhastwosons,isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem,6.ThisistheshipwecrossedthePacific(太平洋).A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼)，hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesameitusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime10.Theboycompositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which,11.Theweatherturnedouttob