MUWordsandexpressions(叶文斌).doc

Unit 4 单词讲解1.lacka. vt. 缺乏, 缺少, 短缺, 不足We never lack food and clothing if were willing to work.如果我们愿意工作，就不会缺吃少穿。They met with many difficulties, for they lacked equipment, experience and technical data.因为缺少设备, 缺乏经验和技术资料, 他们遇到不少困难。b. vi. (for) 缺少，缺乏（常用于否定句）She doesnt lack for friends. 她不缺朋友。They are so rich that they lack for nothing. 他们是如此富有，什么也不缺。c. n. (of) 缺乏The project failed due to (a/the) lack of money. 那项计划因资金不足而失败。d. lacking adj. be lacking in 缺The only thing that is lacking is money. 唯一缺的就是钱。This area is lacking in fresh water. 这个地区缺少淡水。2.refer tovt. a. 提及；涉及，谈到，提到；关系到Dont refer to the matter again. 不要再提这件事了。b. 暗指，针对; 有关Does your remark refer to all of us? 你的评论是针对我们所有的人的吗?The regulations refer only to children. 这些规定只适用于小孩子。c. 提交作处理决定He referred the case to the High Court. 他把案子提交给高级法庭处理。I was referred to the manager. 我被派去和经理接洽。d. 查阅; 参考Refer to the dictionary when you dont know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时, 查下词典。e. 把称作为 (as)All his classmates referred to him as “Blackbeard.” 他的同学都称他为“黑胡子”。【Derivation】reference n. 参考；涉及reference books 参考书Avoid any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病。3.worthy adj.a. 应得某事物; 值得做某事He is worthy of our praise. 他值得我们赞许。There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned. 没有值得一提的事发生。This is worthy of being mentioned. 这事值得一提。b. 可尊敬的，有价值的，可匹敌的a worthy gentleman 受人敬仰的绅士 a worthy rival 旗鼓相当的对手4.worthwhileadj. 值得的, 值钱的, 有价值的The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students.老师推荐给学生一些真正有价值的小说。Its worthwhile visiting / to visit that country. 那个国家很值得一游。【Discrimination】be worth sth/money/doingbe worthy of sth/being done be worthy to be done Its worthwhile doing/to do sth5.equaladj.a.相等的, 同样的Their ages are equal. 他们同龄。b.平等的(to)All men are equal in the eye of law. 法律面前人人平等。c. 能胜任的, 合适的(to)He doesnt seem equal to meeting our demands.他似乎不太合乎我们的要求。vt.与相等或相同;比得上Few cars can equal this kind of cars for speed.很少有其他车在速度方面胜过这种车。So far the rate of production doesnt equal the demand.到目前为止，生产率赶不上需要。Waiting for him equals wasting time. 等他就是浪费时间。n.a.同样的人, 相等的数量The government should regard nationalities as equals.政府对待各民族应一视同仁。b.能与之比拟的东西, 匹敌者Hes the equal of his brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力, 他和他哥哥不相上下。6.attention n.【Collocation】pay attention to注意attract/draw/capture ones attention to 吸引某人的注意focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于【Derivation】attentiveadj. 注意的;专心的,留心的;警惕的;.殷勤的;体贴的;彬彬有礼的;关心的;肯帮忙的The speaker likes to have an attentive audience. 演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。She was very attentive to her guests. 她对客人招待得十分周到。7.contributevt.a.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出，捐赠He contributed a lot of money to the charity. 他捐很多钱给慈善机构。She contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion. 她在这次讨论中提出很多好意见。b.撰稿, 投稿，讲话，发表意见She regularly contributes to the college magazine.她定期给校刊投稿。vi.起促成作用，是的原因之一(to)Various factors contributed to his downfall.多种因素导致了他的垮台。Regular exercise contributes to good health. 有规律的锻炼有益于健康。【Derivation】contribution n. 捐助物, 贡献 make contributions to 对做出贡献All contributions, however small, will be greatly appreciated.所有捐献, 不论数量多少, 我们都将非常感谢。He has made great contributions to space development. 他对航天发展做出了很大贡献。8.acquirevt.获得, 得到, 养成(knowledge/skill/information等抽象事物)We should acquire more firsthand information. 我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。His character acquired him a good name. 他的品格使他得到好名声。Her manner acquired her universal odium. 她的举止遭到普遍的非议。They acquired proficiency in maths finally. 他们最终在数学上达到了熟练水平。9.expandvt.a.展开,张开(帆,翅等)The eagleexpandedits wings.老鹰展开翅膀。b. 扩大;扩充;发展He is thinking ofexpandinghis business.他正考虑扩展他的生意。c. 详述They haveexpandedmy view on the question.他们已更充分地阐明了我对这个问题的观点。vi. d. 展开,张开;扩张;发展;增长;膨胀In ten years the citys populationexpandedby 12%.十年之中,该城人口增加了百分之十二。Waterexpandswhen it freezes.水结冰时体积膨胀。A tireexpandswhen you pump air into it.轮胎打了气就会胀大。e.详细说明(on/upon)He expanded on his new theory. 他详细说明自己的新理论。f. 变得和蔼可亲;感到心旷神怡;变开朗My fatherexpandeda little when he had had a drink, and started to talk more freely.我父亲小酌之后,就变得开朗可亲些,话也说得多了。Her faceexpandedin a smile.她笑逐颜开。【Derivation】expansion n. 扩张；膨胀10.fetchvt.a.(去)拿来;去拿.给Fetchyour supper yourself, Robert.罗伯特,你自己去拿晚餐吧。b.去请.来,接.去Yes, Ive come tofetchyou.是的, 我来接你。c.售得,卖得The old watchfetched100 dollars.这旧表卖了一百元。11.alternativeadj. a.两者(或两者以上)择一的，二择其一的，可从数个中任择其一的；(两种选择中)非此即彼的We returned by the alternative road. 我们从另一条路回来的。b.不寻常的, 非传统性的These are alternative medicine. 这些是非传统性药物。n.c. 选择,二择一 (of); 供选择的东西(或办法等) CIf you dont like the school lunch, you have thealternativeof bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐,你可以自己带饭。Whatalternativesare there?还有什么可选择的?d. 选择的自由(或余地)UIm afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.恐怕除了向警方告发你以外, 我是别无选择了。12.if onlya. 只要(引导条件句)If onlyit clears up , well go.只要天一放晴,我们就去。b.但愿(后接虚拟语气)If onlyhe could arrivein time.但愿他能及时赶到。If only I had listened to his advice.要是我当初听从他的建议有多好。13.possessionn.a. 占有, 持有, 拥有U；个人财产, 私人财物(常用复数)； 领地, 属地The Egyptians strove with the Romans for the possession of the NileValley.埃及人为占有尼罗河谷而与罗马人斗争。She forsook her worldly possessions to devote herself to the church.她抛弃世上的财物而献身教会。India was Britains former overseas possession. 印度是英国过去的海外领地。【Collocation】in possession of 拥有（主动）in the possession of 归所有（被动）He is in lawful possession of a gun. 他合法拥有枪支。The rare stamp is in the possession of an unknown collector. 那枚珍稀邮票现在为一位不知名的收藏家所有。【Derivation】possess vt. 具有,拥有;占据The country possesses rich mineral deposits. 这个国家拥有丰富的矿藏。She is possessed with rage. 她在盛怒之中。The desire to be rich possessed him to act so. 发财的欲望使他做出如此之事来。14.means n.手段,方式,方法,途径Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方法而工作。Does the end always justify the means?只要目的正确, 是否就可以不择手段?【注意】means单复数同形【Collocation】by means of 通过，借助于 by no means 绝不Every means has been tried.= All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。I escaped by means of a secret tunnel. 我通过一条秘密通道逃跑了。She is by no means stupid. 她一点儿也不笨。- Youd better say sorry to him. - By no means/No way. 你最好向他道歉。绝不。 15.break downa. (化学性的)分解Plastics are not easy to break down. 塑料制品很难分解。b. 损坏, 发生故障Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a