山东中考英语第三部分题型研习高分保障题型2阅读理解.ppt

第三部分题型研习高分保障,题型2阅读理解,解题技法指导类型1判断型阅读理解例题精析2017临沂中考Studentshavetotaketests.Sometimes，robotsdotoo.TorobofromJapanisoneoftheserobots.Toroboisarobotbrainwithtwoarms.Itispartofaprojectcalled“CanaRobotGetintotheUniversityofTokyo？”AgroupofJapanesescientistsstarteditin2011.TogototheUniversityofTokyo，TorobohastotakeJapansnationalcollegeentranceexam(高考).Soin2013，therobotstartedtotakethetestwithJapanesestudents.Sadly，Torobohasfailedthetesteveryyear.ItcouldntgetagoodenoughscorefortheUniversityofTokyo.Thisyearitwasthesame.Torobohasabigdatabase(数据库).Soitisgoodatknowledgeandcalculations(计算).Thatswhyitgothighscoresinphysics，historyandmath.ButToroboisnotgoodatthinkingbyitself.Soitgotlowscoresinlanguageandwriting.,ScientistsstartedtheToroboprojecttolearnabouttheintellectualabilities(智能)ofmachines.NowafterTorobosfouryearsofhardwork，theymayhavelearnedalot.【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要说的是日本机器人Torobo想进入东京大学，但必须得通过高考，近4年都以失败告终。日本科学家通过对Torobo这类机器人的研究，希望研究更高端的智能机器人。1.ToroboisarobotfromJapanandithastotakeJapansnationalcollegeentranceexam.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句中“.TorobohastotakeJapansnationalcollegeentranceexam.”可知，Torobo必须参加高考。【答案】A2.AgroupofJapanesescientistsstartedaprojectcalled“CanaRobotGetintotheUniversityofTokyo？”in2011.,【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“ItispartofaprojectcalledCanaRobotGetintotheUniversityofTokyo？AgroupofJapanesescientistsstarteditin2011.”可知是2011年开始的这项研究。【答案】A3.TorobopassedJapansnationalcollegeentranceexamandgotintotheUniversityofTokyoin2013.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“Sadly，Torobohasfailedthetesteveryyear.”说明Torobo没有考上东京大学。【答案】B4.Toroboisgoodatphysics，history，math，languageandwriting.【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句“Thatswhyitgothighscoresinphysics，historyandmath.”和最后一句“Soitgotlowscoresinlanguageandwriting.”可知它擅长物理、历史和数学，不擅长语言与写作。【答案】B,5.ScientistswanttolearnabouttheintellectualabilitiesofmachinesbystartingtheToroboproject.【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，科学家们通过开始对Torobo这个项目的研究，就是为了研究更智能化的机器人。【答案】A技法点拨1.主旨大意题：此类题目需要从主题句入手，通常是第一段的首句，或者在结尾的部分找寻，也可以是中间段落的首句。2.细节理解题：此类题目主要是考查学生阅读时对细节的关注能力。为了更好地记忆，最好边读边画，对一些数字、地名、人名进行标记。3.推理判断题：此类题目主要考查对文章的表面和内涵的联系与延伸理解，通过中西文化对比，强化文化交融意识。,类型2选择型阅读理解例题精析2017滨州中考My14yearoldson，John，andIsawthecoatatthesametimeinasecondhandclothingstore.Itstoodoutamongbigandoldcoats.Itwassobeautifulandhadanunbelievableprice，$28.Ilookedatmysonandwebothsaidnothing，butJohnseyesshone.Dark，woolencoatswerepopularwithteenageboys，butnewonescouldcostseveralhundreddollars.Thiscoatwasevenbetter.Johntrieditonandturnedfromsidetoside，eyeinghimselfinthemirror.Itfithimsowell.Johnworethecoattoschoolthenextday.Afterhecamehome，Iasked，“Didthekidslikeyourcoat？”“Theyloveit，”hesaidwithabiggrin.Overthenextfewweeks，Johnchanged.Hewaspolite，lessargumentative，morethoughtful，andmuchhappier.“Gooddinner，mom，”hewouldsayeveryevening.Withoutawordof,complaining，hewouldcarryinwoodforthestove.OnedaywhenIsuggestedthathemightstartonhishomeworkbeforedinner，John，whoalwaysputthingsoff，said，“Youreright.IguessIwill.”WhenImentionedthischangetooneofhisteachers，shejokedthatthecoatmusthavechangedhim.JohnandIbothknowweshouldneverjudgeapersonbyhisclothes.Butitistruethatwhenwearingbeautifulandsuitableclothes，wemaytrytobebetterinthought，speechandbehaviortomatchwhatisontheinsidetowhatisontheoutside.【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了主人公在买了一件新衣服之后，在行为礼貌上发生了很大变化。我们不应以貌取人，但是当我们穿上漂亮合适的衣服，我们的行为举止总会想要和外表匹配。1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thepriceofthecoatwastoohigh.B.Johnlikedthecoatverymuch.C.Theyoftenwentshoppingtogether.D.Thewriterdidntwanttobuythecoat.,【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段第四句中“.Johnseyesshone.”可知，约翰非常喜欢这件外套。【答案】B2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grin”mean?A.Awidesmile.B.Aworriedlook.C.Anupsetvoice.D.Anangrymood.【解析】词义猜测题。由前句“Theyloveit”可知，儿子的衣服受到同学们的喜爱。结合他的改变可知，此时他的心情是快乐的。【答案】A3.WhatdidJohnusetodowhenhewasaskedtostudy?A.Startatonce.B.Putoffhishomework.C.Workhardonschoolwork.D.Carryinwoodforthestove.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段第五句中“.John，whoalwaysputthingsoff.”可知，他以前是一个凡事拖拉的孩子。【答案】B,4.WhichofthefollowingchangesdidNOThappentoJohnafterheworethecoat?A.Hewaswillingtofollowsuggestions.B.Heoftenhelpedtodosomehousework.C.Healwaysworriedabouthisstudy.D.Hesaidsweetwordstomakehismotherhappy.【解析】推理判断题。由第四段可知，儿子穿上新衣服后学会了礼貌说话、为炉子添柴、接受家长的建议。运用排除法可知选C。【答案】C5.Whatdoesthewriterwanttosaythroughthispassage?A.Whatwewearcouldhelpwhatweare.B.Lifeisfullofpossibilitieswhenweareyoung.C.Weshouldnotjudgepeoplebytheirappearance.D.Itsagoodchoicetotrydifferentthingsinourlives.【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，儿子穿了一件喜欢的衣服上学后有了全新的改变。这件事告诉我们外在变化会影响内在变化，A项与此相符。【答案】A,技法点拨1.细节理解题：本题型要注意同义或近义句。利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应的词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，对号入座。这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设计的，要求考生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般在通读短文之后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层理解题。2.推理判断题：本题型根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。通读整篇文章，理解作者意图，真理不一定是正确答案。3.词义猜测题：本题型主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断词义的能力。解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文猜测；根据同义词或反义词猜测；根据构词法猜测；通过定义或释义猜测；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测；根据生活常识猜测。此外，对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一项就是正确答案。,4.标题归纳题：本题型考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。做此类题要注意：以原文为依据；不选对的，只选最适合本篇文章的；注意绝对化的词；答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；文中没有提到的不要妄自猜测。一切以文章内容为准。5.数字计算题：在做此类题时：要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义；弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息；不要孤立看待数字信息，还要抓住一些关键用语的意义。6.主旨大意题：本题型就是从文章的首尾句或段寻找主题句，或纵观全文归纳总结文章的主旨大意。做主旨大意题，要求在理解全文后归纳短文的要点，概括中心思想。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达文章的中心含义。在文章的段落中往往由第一句作为主题句来概括该段的中心意思。此类题主要针对主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次、作者的写作目的等方面，要求考生在准确理解文章后，归纳短文要点，概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征等。,即时运用Passage12017云南中考,Shoppingusedtomeangoingtoshops，butnowadays，youcanshopwithoutevenleavingyourhouse.Justsitinfrontofyourcomputer，click(点击)yourmouseandyourthingswillbesenttoyourhouseinseveraldays.Youcanalsouseyourmobilephonetobuythingsyouwant.November11isabigdayformanypeoplewholikeshoppingonline.Onthatday，manystoresofferabigsale.ThebiggestChineseonlineshoppingsitesareTandT.Goods(商品)onlineareoftenmuchcheaper.Shoppingonlinealsosavesyoualotoftime.Andyouoftenhavemorekindsofgoodsonlinethaninshoppingcenters.Anotherbigadvantageofonlineshoppingisthatithelpsyougetthingseasilyfromdifferentcities，evendifferentcountries.,Whileenjoyingonlineshopping，manypeoplealsohaveworries，especiallyformiddleschoolstudentbuyers.Theyoftenbuythingsthattheydontneed.“Middleschoolstudentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirstudy.Searchingforthingstobuyonlinewastestheirtime，”saidteachers.根据短文内容，判断句子正(A)误(B)。()1.Nowadays，shoppingbecomeseasierthanbefore.()2.ManypeoplelikeshoppingonlineonNovember11.()3.Shoppingonlinecantsavetimeandmoney.()4.Teachersthinkmiddleschoolstudentsshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirstudy.()5.Thisarticleisaboutdisadvantagesofshoppingonline.,A,A,B,A,B,即时运用Passage12017滨州中考,BikesharinghassweptacrossChina，withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingbikeridinginsteadofdriving.ThebikethattheservicecompanyprovideshasGPSorBluetoothonit，andthosebikescanbeeasilyunlockedwithasmartphoneandleftanywhereinpublic.Bikesharingallowspeopletoborrowabikefromoneplaceandreturnitatanotherplaceeasily.Insomecities，wecanseemoreandmorepeopleridingthiskindofsharingbikes.Itsveryconvenienttousethebikesifyouhaveasmartphone.First，youhavetodownloadsuchanAPPonyoursmartphone.ThenwhatyouneedtodoistofindanearestbikethroughtheAPP，scantheQRcodeonthebikeor,connectyourphonewiththebikeoveraBluetoothwirelessconnection.Youwillfindthebikecanbeunlockeditself.Thenyoucanenjoyyourtrip.Whatsmore，thegreatestadvantageofbikesharingisthatyoucaneasilyfindoneandneverworryaboutwheretoparkit.Thecostofridingdependsonthetimethatyouspend.Normally，everyhouryouride，youneedtopayoneyuan.Itdoesntcostsomuch，doesit?Atthesametime，somepeopleparkthebikesintheirownhomes.Besides，somepeopledontvaluethebikes.Nowservicecompaniesaretryingtosolvetheproblemlikebeingstolen.Technologyandsciencehavechangedoursociallifestyles.Wehavetosaybikesharingbringsusmoreconveniencewithoutdoubt.Andwealsohopethatpeoplecannotonlyenjoyitbutalsoputittogooduse.,1.Fromthefirstparagraph，weknow_.A.bikesharingisinventedinChinaB.sharingbikesareusedbysomepeopleC.mostpeopleincitiesdontdriveD.sharingbikescanbeborrowedanywhere2.Theunderlinedword“scan”inParagraph2probablymeans“_”inChinese.A.浏览B.扫描C.审视D.细查3.Ifyouwanttouseasharingbike，youmust_first.A.haveasmartphoneanddownloadanAPPB.downloadanAPPandpayforthetripC.unlockthebikeanddownloadanAPPD.findanearestbikeandborrowitfromanyone,B,B,A,4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthispassage？_A.Bikesharingisverycheap.B.Sharingbikesmaybestolen.C.Sharingbikesareeasytounlock.D.Bikesharingisakindofgreentransport.5.Thepassageprobablycomesfroma_.A.sciencetextbookB.touristguideC.websitenewsreportD.restaurantmenu,D,C,即时运用Passage32017铜仁中考,Apoorboylivedinasmalltown.Hesoldgoodsfromdoortodoortopayforschool.Oneday，hehadonlyonecentleft，andhewashungry.Hedecidedthathewouldaskforamealatthenexthouse.However，whenayoungwomanopenedthedoor，theboywasshy，sohejustaskedforsomewater.Thewomanknewhewashungry，soshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly，andthenasked，“HowmuchshouldIpayforit？”“Youwontpayforit.Mymotherhastoldmethatitisgoodtohelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble，”shereplied.Theboysaid，“ThenIthankyoufrommyheart.”Astheboyleftthathouse，hefeltstronger.Heknewhehadmanythingstodo.,Manyyearslater，theyoungwomanbecameill.Thelocaldoctorscouldntsaveher.Peoplehadtosendhertoabigcity.Whenthedoctorknewwhothewomanwas，hewasexcitedandtriedhisbesttosaveherlife.Hesucceeded.Thewomanneededtopayforthemedicalbill.Thedoctorlearnedthatshecouldntaffordit.Sohewrotesomethingdownonthemedicalbill.Thewomanreadthebill，“Youhavepaiditwithaglassofmilk.”1.Thepoorboysoldgoodsfromdoortodoorbecause_.A.hehadnomoneyleftB.heneededmoneytobuysomefoodC.hewantedtoraisemoneyforProjectHopeD.hehadtomakemoneyforhisschool2.Whywastheyoungwomansenttoahospitalinabigcity？_A.Becauseshewasseriouslyill.B.Becauseshehadlotsofmoney.C.Becauseshewantedtovisitthedoctor.D.Becausesheknewthepoorboyworkedthere.,C,A,3.Fromthepassagewecanknowthedoctor(thepoorboy)_.A.lettheyoungwomanpayforthebillB.wasalwaysthankfulfortheyoungwomanskindnessC.didntremembertheyoungwomanD.failedtosavetheyoungwomanslife4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue？_A.Theyoungwomanhadabadmother.B.Thepoorboyaskedforsomemoney.C.Theyoungwomanandhermotherwerebothkindtoothers.D.Thepoorboybecameafamousengineerwhenhegrewup.5.Whatsthebesttitle(标题)forthearticle？_A.AKindMotherB.ALovelyYoungWomanC.APoorBoyD.AGlassofMilk,A,C,D,Passage42017日照中考,Manykidshelpparentstodochoresinthehouse.Theymaytakeoutthetrash，walkthedogorsweepthefloor.Inreturn，somekidsgetmoneyorotherrewardsfromtheirparents，suchas20minutestoplaycomputergames.Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.OneofthemisJaneSmith，aparentingeducatorandfamilycoach.Shebelievesifkidsgetrewards，theymaythinkthatworkisntworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn.Forexample，kidswontsweeptheflooriftheyseeitisdirty.Buttheywilldoitiftheirparentsrewardthemforit.“Everyhouseisateameffort，”Janesaid.“Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.Itsimportantforkidstoseethatweallhavearesponsibilitytokeepourhomeclean.”,Otherpeopleholddifferentopinions.Theybelievethatmoneyorotherrewardsencouragekidstodomorechores.Italsoteachesthemrealworldlessons.Theycanlearnabouthowweneedtoworktomakemoney.Now，therearealsoappsthatencouragekidstodochores.Theappsgivekidspointsanddigital(电子的)giftsthatcanbeusedeitheronlineorinlife.WiththeappChoreMonster，kidsearndigitalpointsafterdoingchores.Kidscanexchangetheirpointsforrealrewards，suchastimetoplayvideogamesoratriptothemall.“Ourgoalistoencouragekidssotheycanearnrewards，”saysJoeBlack，founderofChoreMonster.“Kidsneedpositive(积极的)powertomakethemdochores.”,1.JaneSmiththinksthat_.A.houseworkisntworthdoingB.kidsarenotwillingtodochoresC.kidsshouldgetsomethinginreturnD.kidsshouldntgetrewardsfordoingchores2.ChoreMonsterisa(n)_.A.educatorB.coachC.appD.appfounder3.Ifrewardedfordoingchores，kidscanlearnto_.A.takeresponsibilitiesB.useappswellC.makemoneythroughworkD.understandteameffort,C,C,C,4.Whatsthepurposeoftheappsmentionedinthepassage？_A.Togivekidspointsandgifts.B.Toencouragekidstodochores.C.Toexchangepointsforrealrewards.D.Togivekidsadviceondoingchores.5.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_.A.howtoencouragekidstodochoresB.whatkindofchoreskidsshoulddoC.ifkidsshoulddochoresathomeD.whetherkidsshouldberewardedfordoingchores,B,D,Passage52016济南中考,TherearemanyreasonswhyIencouragepeopletotravel，andIknowthattheexperiencewillmakeoneabetterperson.IrememberwhenIwastravelingthatIbegantoknowtheworldbetter.Theworldisnotjustaboutme，mysmalltownandhome.Althoughyouwillmeetdifferentpeoplefromallovertheworld，youwillrealizethatpeoplearesimilarintheirdreams，hopesandfeelings.Enjoyexploringthedifferentcultures，andyouwillalsofindthatpeoplearedifferentinsomeofthethingstheydoandhowtheylive.Onceyouunderstandtheirways，itneednotbestrangeorscary.Oftenwereadstoriesaboutotherculturesinbooks.Onlywhenwevisittheirareas，dowefindthatthosestoriesaresomethingwrong.,Onethingyoumayfindoutisthatthereareproblemsallovertheworld.Wecannotjustgetmoneytosendtotheseareasandhopethatwillworkthemout.Theworldshouldgetinvolved(干预)andhelpwhereverthereareproblems.Peopleeverywhereshouldbegivenachance.Itissoeasytoignore(忽视)thisifonedoesnottravelandexplore.Onecanlookaroundandseethatsomanypeoplehavemanychallengesworsethanours.Onecanrealizethatsometimesourbiggestprobl