（英语语言文学专业论文）道格拉斯·罗宾逊翻译身体学研究.pdf

iii 摘摘 要要 道格拉斯罗宾逊是当代西方翻译学界一位十分具有影响力的译学理论家，曾在美国密西西比大学英语系执教多年，现执教于香港岭南大学，任外语系主任。罗宾逊兴趣范围广泛，研究视野十分开阔，他主要关注以人类社会互动为主的人与人之间的交流，特别是身体反应转化为思想的自我调整自我控制机制的作用，这种研究被称为身体学理论。具体而言，其主要研究领域包括：文学理论、翻译理论、文化理论、修辞理论和性别研究等。 本文以道格拉斯罗宾逊的翻译身体学为研究对象，将其与西方译学界的传统翻译观点作对比。传统的西方翻译研究研究中更重视对理性因素的研究，而忽略对感性因素的研究，崇尚理性、摈弃感性，这样，译者就被当做翻译的工具，甚至被二元化、完美化。道格拉斯致力于变更研究出发点，把注意力转移到翻译过程中对翻译活动影响很大的感性因素上来，把译者的身体反应，即其主观感受和个体经验当做翻译研究的新的起点。罗宾逊的译学理论以翻译身体学为核心展开，从译者地位、译者与原文作者的关系、译者与译文读者的关系、翻译方法、培养译者等多方面展开论述，旨在揭示译者在翻译过程中的主体性地位，指出翻译活动可以被看作是译者同时在与原文作者及译文读者之间进行一种“双声”对话，并且深入浅出地说明了翻译对话理论的运行机制。与以往的研究视角相比，翻译身体学的研究更加新颖、灵活，更能够揭示出人类社会互动翻译这一活动形式的复杂性、动态性和多样性。 道格拉斯罗宾逊教授所提出的翻译身体学理论根本上不同于语言学派、功能学派、文化学派等流派的研究方法，使翻译从传统的语言学领域、文学领域中转移开来，将译者的情感因素、生活经验、帝国、政治、力量的因素纳入研究范围，唤起了翻译理论家界对除理智因素在外的其他影响翻译活动的因素的重视，为全面认识翻译活动提供了新途径。 关键词：关键词：道格拉斯罗宾逊；身体学；翻译身体学；身体性 ii abstract douglas robinson, a modern american translator and translation theorist, was a professor in mississippi university from 1989 to 2010. at the moment, he works at lingnan university in hongkong as the head of the department of english. he puts forward somatic theory, which is grounded on the human social interaction which is called the somatic exchange. and particularly he manages to work out a living and self-adjusting organism. in contrast to the traditional approaches, douglas robinsons somatics starts from the translators subjective bodily responses and personal experiences to discover a totally different way to conduct a practical research into translation field. somaticity has a close relation with our emotions and feelings. if it has something to do with feelings as regulation channel, its another aspect would be performativity on the basis of j. l. austin and grices theory. by means of combining translation with taboo the study focus of translation was transferred away from linguistic field; meanwhile, some new elements, such as the empire, politics and power were included into the scope of translation study. douglas robinson systematically introduces the production and development of postcolonial translation theories in his book, translation and empire: postcolonial theories explained. douglas robinsons book translation and taboo highlights a central theory that there exist kinds of taboos during the translation history in the west; they have penetrated into every aspect of theory and practice and restricted the development of translation theory and translation study. different from the traditional research approaches provided by linguistic school, functional school or cultural school, somatic translation theory of douglas robinson promotes a transformation from the existed study field to an investment in brand new prospects. key words: douglas robinson; somatics; somatics of translation; somaticitychapter four conclusion - 43 - 承承 诺诺 书书 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是在导师指导下独立完成的， 学位论文的知识产权属于山西大学。如果今后以其他单位名义发表与在读期间学位论文相关的内容，将承担法律责任。除文中已经注明引用的文献资料外，本学位论文不包括任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的成果。 学位论文作者（签章） ： 2011 年 月 日 research into somatics of douglas robinson 44 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解山西大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留并向国家有关机关或机构送交论文的复印件和电子文档，允许论文被查阅和借阅，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等手段保存、汇编学位论文。同意山西大学可以用不同方式在不同媒体上发表、传播论文的全部或部分内容。 保密的学位论文在解密后遵守此协议。 作者签名： 导师签名： 2011 年 月 日 chapter one introduction 1 chapter one introduction 1.1 purpose and significance of the present research the present thesis focuses on the translation theory of douglas robinson, an american modern translator. he is an active theorist and produces a lot of great works because of extensively interesting orientation. his main concern is grounded in many fields, including literary and culture theory, gender theory, language theory, translation theory and communication theory. since his first book on translation was published in 1991 under the title of the translators turn, his theory has attracted many other scholars and aroused their close attention. traditionally speaking, the most distinguishing feature of the translation theory in western can be expressed as preferring rational elements than the emotional ones. scholars have paid more attention to the objective elements than the subjective during the process of translation. yet robinson develops a new method of his own. starting form the subjective feeling and personal experience of the translator, he puts forward that translation should be considered as a double-voiced dialogue between the translator and the sl author, and the translator and the tl reader. he applies the somatics of translation, dialogism, dramatism and rhetorics to analyze the working system of the translation dialogue in depth. 1.2 literature review generally speaking, the trend of translation research shifts from the original text to the target language and form the constative to the performative. meanwhile, the status of the translated text has been changed, from being inferior to the original to the more important position; and the translator plays a key role during the process of translation (pan wenguo, 2002: 23). in the last decades, foreign scholars gradually pay more attention to the subjectivity of the translator and try every possible way to do research. according to the recent classification, the study of the translators subjectivity primarily goes through three stages: the stage of the philology, the stage of structuralism and the stage of post-structuralism, which shows the integrated essence of the translation research into somatics of douglas robinson 2 study. on the whole, the translator gradually attaches importance to pragmatic function and macro-context. since the status of the texts subjectivity is relatively lowered, the dominant function of the translator has attracted more attention during the stage of post-structuralism. judged from his study of the translator, robinson should be a member of post-structuralists. his translation theory on the translator is entirely different form others, because many different theories from other fields are used for reference. he insists that none of the elements, either the external or the internal plays absolutely dominant role during the process of the translation. all of the elements are interrelated and interacted with each other under a dialogical situation. because robinson stresses more on the dominant position of the translator, pan wenguo and xu jian (pan wenguo, 2002) consider him as a scholar belong to the translator-centered school. domestically and overseas, the study of somatic theory and douglas robinson has mainly concentrated on the following two aspects. first, a lot of book reviews have appeared recent years, which include reviews from translation and turn to performative linguistics; all his books published in china are nearly criticized by chinese schoolars, such as han ziman, xie tianzhen, tan zaixi, wang danyang; and some foreign scholars also air their opinions, such as detlef stark and terry hale. second, the current research emphasizes on the subjectivity of the translatior embodied in the somatic theory, but it is only part of the iceberg. somatic theory should be studied and exploited from different aspects, which scatters among his works, such as translation and taboo, translation and empire. 1.3 structure of the present thesis robinson manages to state the dynamics, complexity and diversification of translation briefly so that subjective affections and feelings are expressed consequently. this idea is totally different from the traditional translation theory, which emphasises the external or rational elements, such as the theory of linguistics school or the culture school, and aims to provide a new angle of view to acquaint ourselves with translation comprehensively. this thesis roughly covers four chapters. apart from the introduction and the conclusion, there are two body chapters, chapter two and chapter three. the former chapter aims primarily to list robinsons main writings, including monographs and essays, and summarize important and involved ones of them in this thesis. chapter three chapter one introduction 3 functions as an introduction to how somatic theory is put forward and illustrated through his works. he has mentioned somatic theory in many different books; one of the most valuable researches in this thesis is to put his scattering argumentation together. research into somatics of douglas robinson 4 chapter two writings of douglas robinson born in 1954 in lafayette, indiana, douglas robinson, an american modern translator, has taught in mississippi university from 1989 to 2010. at the moment, he is working at lingnan university in hongkong as the head of the department of english. he has been living in finland for fourteen years, at first as an exchange student of youth for understanding (1971-1972), and then going to the university of jyvskyl as a college student and a lecturer in english (1974-1981). finally he got m.a. and ph.d. in english at the university of washington, seattle. as a diligent scholar, douglas robinson is interested in many fields, including literary theory, translation theory, language theory and communication theory, mainly in the field of human communication. he puts forward somatic theory, which is grounded in the human interaction as a social man. this social interaction is called the somatic exchange, which the somatic theory bases on. against with the traditional approaches, robinson starts from the translators subjective body responses and personal experiences to discover a totally different way to do research in translation fields. somaticity has close relation with our emotions and feelings. if it has something to do with feelings as regulation channel, its another aspect would be performativity on the basis of j. l. austin and grices theory. as owning such broad theoretical orientation, douglas robinson becomes a productive writer with numerous writing of works, his books relating to fictions, literature and translation theories, textbooks and dictionaries. he has published many scholarly monographs from 1985 to 2008. american apocalypses: the image of the end of the world in american literature and the translators turn, both were published at baltimore by johns hopkins university press, respectively in 1985 and 1991; the former is about literary and culture theory and the latter is the first book to introduce somatic theory of translation. in 1992, ring lardner and the other was published by oxford university press at new york. another book relating to sexism no less a man: masculist art in a feminist age appeared at bowling green state university popular press, bowling green, oh in 1994. translation and taboo came out in 1996, by northern illinois university press at dekalb. in 1997, there were two important works of translation theory coming into our visions; they are what is translation? centrifugal theories, critical interventions, by chapter two writings of douglas robinson 5 kent state university press at kent, oh and translation and empire: postcolonial approaches explained, by st. jerome publishing at manchester, the latter being a volume in the “ translation theories explained ” series. douglas robinson gained the winner of the 2001 choice 38th annual outstanding academic title award with the help of who translates? translator subjectivities beyond reason by suny press, at albany. in 2002, western translation theory from herodotus to nietzsche, an excellent book, complete with a thorough knowledge of the western translation history came off the press. and then he has published a textbook for undergraduate students of translationperformative linguistics: speaking and translating as doing things with words at manchesters st. jerome. the latest scholarly monograph is estrangement and the somatics of language, by johns hopkins university press, 2008, baltimore. there are some textbooks written by robinson as follows: a. with svetlana ilinskaya: writing as drama. b. introducing performative pragmatics. london and new york: routledge, 2005. c. becoming a translator: an accelerated course. london and new york: routledge, 1997. d. with vesa hggblom: the light fantastic. helsinki: otava, 1983. (an 11th-grade english textbook for finnish public schools.) e. with diana webster, liisa elonen, leena kirveskari, seppo tella, and thelma wiik. jet set 9. helsinki: otava, 1982. (a 9th-grade english textbook for finnish public schools.) except the above scholarly monographs and textbooks, robinson has written a novels named pentinpeijaiset, originally titled “saarikosks spirits” and translated in finnish by kimmo lilja. besides english, douglas robinson can also speak finnish very well. meanwhile, he has a fluent reading, speaking and writing ability of german, spanish and russian. being a multi-language speaker, douglas robinson is not only a theorist of translation focusing on theory production, but also interested in translating practice. he has translated many books and articles from the other three languages, especially finnish, such as the history of finnish literary criticism, 1808-1918(yrj varpio), that hed remember the same (elina hirvonen), and extinction(juhani brander), which was praised as the best european fiction 2010. research into somatics of douglas robinson 6 2.1 works in translation theories 2.1.1 the translators turn the translators turn originally published in 1991 by johns hopkins university press, and now out of print, was the first book of the translation theory by douglas robinson. there are two parts in this book. part one, dialogical bodies (“the somatics of translation” and “the dialogics of translation”), provides basic principles and ideology for another part. part two, dialogical turns (“the tropics of translation” and “the ethics of translation”), is related to all kinds of “body” during the dialogue and the reaction from the body during talking and translating among the association of persons. at the beginning of this book, douglas robinson directs the spearhead of his attack against the traditional translation theory in western world, criticizing it as a kind of immaterial business just like other western language fields. taking the famous statement of nida for example, he comments that this rational analysis is abstract and contracted, only emphasizing the relationship between translation and absolute thinking. as a result, translation is seen as a process being conducted mechanically. robinson tries as much as his possible to provide a totally different normal formthe somatics of translation, which is relating to humanism to some extent, orienting the researching point to the scale of sentiment or the feeling of our bodies. “somatic intuition guides the performance of the translators task”, says robinson (robinson, 1991: 25). when we read here, it appears that this somatics has something to do with psychology, but it is extremely wrong. from robinsons viewpoint, somatics can be interpreted from phenomenology. douglas robinson is not satisfied with the present situation in which theory is opposed to practice and translation theory is inferior to practice. he proposes the term somatics of translation in order to widen the horizon of translation study and unit two opposed sides, such as feeling and mind, intuition and systematization. by means of somatics, he has deconstructed rational philosophy ideas in the main stream of western translation study. to realize the nature of translation, robinson works out the study focus and concern again, eyeing the effect, restrict and subjective activity of the translator during the process of translating (feng wenkun，luo zhi，2008). here he advocates the equal dialogue system of double-scale among writers, translators and readers. in chapter one, robinson, who advocates an integration of translation theory and practice, points out that the mainstream of the study of translation theory in the western chapter two writings of douglas robinson 7 world is located at the field of la langue rather than la parole field, taking apart from the translating practice. in this situation, “somatics of translation” is put forward. he is concerned with a translators body response to the text and how this response is conditioned by the society ideology. on one hand, the translator is restrained by the universal criterions existing in the society beyond his body: on the other hand, the translators intuitive response makes his body become an inherent part of the translating process. so this chapter is subdivided into two parts, that is, the idiosomatics of translation and the ideosomatics of translation. this aspect contributes the essential part of robinsons structure of theory in this book. in the rest of chapter one, robinson analyzed and criticized three aspects of western ideology related to translation; they are dualism, instrumentalism and perfectionism. in linguistics, traditional dualism is expressed as separating words from meanings to form static linguistics, which influences ideosomatic response to large extent and leads to instrumentalism with invisible translators as well as perfectionism owning total disconnection from the reality. this contempt for translators and nonrealistic expectation, especially showing in the translation of the bible, hinder translators for working well. every use of language is both collectively controlled, or ideosomatic, and thus a form of repetition, and individually divergent or creative, idiosomatic, and thus a vehicle of change: the somatics of language. robinson advocates that there were three paradigm shifts in western translation theory; they were aroused by theories by martin luther, goethe and martin buber (robinson, 1991). martin luther, living in times of augustine, who sees the translator as a tool of conversion, wants to change the ideosomatic response of people to make them follow restraints. its obvious that in his viewpoint language exists for transporting information and translation is a kind of objective and neutral phenomenon. the lutheran paradigm contains the same dualism, instrumen