《合同的翻译修订》PPT课件.ppt

TranslationofContract,Definition,Contractsareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandotherorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.(ContractLawofPeoplesRepublicofChina)合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。,1)ContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods国际货物销售合同2)ContractsforInternationalTechnologyTransfer国际技术转让合同3)ContractsforSino-foreignJointVentures中外合资经营企业合同4)ContractsforInternationalEngineeringProjects国际工程承包合同,国际商务合同的种类CategoriesofInternationalBusinessContracts,5)ContractsforCompensationTrade补偿贸易合同6)ContractsforSino-foreignCooperativeDevelopmentofNaturalResources中外合作开采自然资源合同7)ContractsforInternationalLeasingAffairs涉外租赁合同8)ContractsforSino-foreignCreditsandLoans涉外信贷合同9)ContractsforForeignLaborServices涉外劳务合同10)ContractsforInternationalBuild-Operate-Transfer国际BOT投资合同（建设-经营-移交）,按照格式的繁简程度的不同，国际商务合同可以采取：正式合同（Contract）协议书（Agreement）确认书（Confirmation）备忘录（Memorandum）定单（Order）等书面形式。,合同的语言特征,程式化准确性严谨性一致性庄重性简明化,程式化,出口合同本合同于由ABC贸易有限公司（以下简称“卖方”）和XYZ贸易有限公司（以下简称“买方”）于2012年8月5日签订。买卖双方同意按以下条款购买、出售下述商品。ExportContractThisContractisenteredintothis5thdayofAugust2012betweenABCTradingCo.,Ltd.(hereinaftercalled“Seller”)whoagreestosell,andXYZTradingCo.,Ltd.(hereinaftercalled“Buyer”)whoagreestobuythefollowinggoodsonthefollowingtermsandconditions.,ThisContractismadethis16thdateofOct，1998inBeijing，ChinabyandbetweenABC(FullName)CompanyundertheLawof,havingitsregisteredaddressin，Itslegaladdressis(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Buyer)andDEF(FullName)CompanyundertheLawof，havingitsregisteredaddressIn，itslegaladdressis(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Seller)；wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestosellthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasbelow：,本合同由依法律成立的ABC(全称)公司，其登记注册地在，法定地址为(以下简称买方)和依法律成立的DEF(全称)公司，其登记注册地在，法定地址为(以下简称卖方)于1998年10月16日在中国北京订立，双方同意按下述条款买卖下列货物：,准确性,乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果法律文本TheResultsoftheUruguayRoundofMultilateralTradeNegotiations:theLegalTextapplication:适用enforcement:执行implementation:实施operation:运用harm:损害injury:损害seriousprejudice:严重侵害nullify:丧失impair:减损,may、shall、should、will、maynot、shallnot等词语的法律内涵,a.May：在表示合同上的权利（Right）、权限（Power）或特权（Privilege）的场合中使用。若表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是“beentitled”。b.Shall：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务（Obligation）。如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常表示“应该”或“必须”，当然，也有不翻译的时候。例如：,Thepartiesheretoshall,firstofall,settleanydisputearisingfromorinconnectionwiththecontractbyfriendlynegotiations.Shouldsuchnegotiationsfail,suchdisputemaybereferredtothePeoplesCourthavingjurisdictiononsuchdisputeforsettlementintheabsenceofanyarbitrationclauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuchdisputeoccurs.双方首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同而发生的或与合同有关的争议。如果协商未果，合同中又无仲裁条款约定或争议发生后未就仲裁达成协议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。,Thequalityandpricesofthecommoditiestobeexchangedbetweentheex-importersinthetwocountriesshallbeacceptabletobothsides.货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。Theformationofthiscontract,itsvalidity,interpretation,executionandsettlementofthedisputesshallbegovernedbyrelatedlawsofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。,c.Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。TheboardmeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedoverbytheChairman.Shouldthechairmanbeabsent,thevice-Chairmanshall,inprinciple,conveneandpresideovertheboardmeeting.董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；若董事长缺席，原则上应由副董事长召集、主持。,d.Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和强制力比Shall弱。e.Maynot（或shallnot）：用于禁止性义务，即“不得做什么”。,本协议自签订之日起生效。Thisagreementshallcomeintoforceonandfromthedayofsignature.经友好协商，双方本着互利的原则，XX和YY特签订合同。Throughfriendlynegotiations,PartyXXandPartyYY,ontheprincipleofmutualbenefits,haveherebyreachedthecontractasfollows:,严谨性,ShipmentistobemadeonorbeforeMarch31.TheofferremainsinforcetillMay2,2006(inclusive).PartyAShallpaytoPartyBfive(5)percentofthetotalpriceforwork,i.e.sixty-threethousand(63,000)USdollars.RMB2375.00(SAY:RMBTWOTHOUSANDTHREEHUNDREDANDSEVENTYFIVEONLY)大写:人民币贰仟叁佰柒拾伍元整,TheTenantshallmakeeveryeffortatalltimesincludingbutnotlimitedtothehoursbetween11:00PMand7:00AMnottoplaynoroperateanymusicalinstruments,intheleasedpremisesasnottocreateadisturbancetoanyoneoutsidethepremisesleasedbytheTenant.承租人须保证不在在租住的房舍内弹奏乐器，特别是晚上11点至次日早晨7点，但不仅限于以上时间，以免干扰房舍周边的居民。,（宾馆）12岁以下儿童可免费与父母同住。Noextrachargeforonechildunder12yearsofagesharingsameroomwithparents.,一致性,关键词语（主要是名词和动词）的译法前后要保持一致，防止同义异译。Article1PartyAshalldelivertoPartyBassoonaspossibleafterthisAgreementbecomeseffective,butinanyeventwithin60daysthereafter,atPartyBsaddresssetforthabove,alltheTechnicalandSalesInformation,relatingtoLicensedProducts.第一条甲方应尽快在本协议生效后，或最迟在本协议生效后六十天内，按上述乙方地址交给乙方有关特许产品的全部技术与销售情报。,固定的英译法规名称的英译法：Law；条例：Regulation；规定：provisionsfor办法：Measures;Procedures说明：Explanations(on)决定：Decision草案：Draft,修正案：Amendment（to）实施细则：ImplementingRules;RulesforImplementationof暂行规定：InterimProvisions;ProvisionalRegulations试行办法：TrialMeasures管理规定：ProvisionsfortheAdministrationof补充规定/附则:SupplementaryProvisions,仲裁不可抗力违约条件/条款争议的解决约束力当事人/各方违反/违背,arbitrationforcemajeurebreachthecontracttermsandconditionssettlementofdisputesbindingforcepartiesviolation,庄重性,Term：Thetermofthisleaseshallcommenceonaugust20,2010andshallterminateonJune30,2012unlessterminatedsoonerashereinprovided.IntheeventthattheTenanttransfersfromtheunitrentedunderthisleasetoanotherunittheTenantshallhavethreeconsecutivecalendardaysfromthe“terminationofthislease”tomovetothenewunitandshallbebilledonalladditionaldaysonaper-diembasis.,本协议自2010年8月20日生效至2012年6月30日终止。除本协议另有规定，不得提前终止本协议。如承租人从租住的单元移至另一单元，承租人自“终止本协议”之日起将有连续3日时间搬离，如超出3日，超出部分均按日计租。,使用有here或there,或where+后缀in或by或after等构成的复合词：,hereafterherebyhereinhereinafterhereinbeforehereofheretoherebeforehereunder,今后、此后,特此,由此；于此；因此,在下文,在上文,于此；在本文件中,对此；至此,迄今；到现在为止,在下面,hereuponherewiththereaftertherebytherefromthereinthereinafterthereinbeforethereon,关于这个；于是,同此；与此；附此,此后；以后,因此；由此；在那方面,从那里,在那里；在那点上,以下；在下文,在上文中,在其上,thereoftheretothereunderthereupontherewithwhereaswherebywhereinwhereofwhereon,由此；因此,此外；又,在其项下,随后；因此；在其上；关于那,从此，与此,鉴于；而,由是；凭那个,在哪里；在哪点上,关于那事；关于它,在其上；在那个上面,Weherebyconfirmhavingsoldtoyouthefollowinggoodsonthetermsandconditionsasspecifiedbelow.,兹确认（特此）按下列条款授予贵公司下述商品。,Incasenosettlementcanbereachedtherebythedisputemay,ifeitherpartysorequires,beresolvedbyarbitration.,如果由此产生的争论不能解决，任何一方认为必要的话，可以提出仲裁。,anyandall（全部）、anyduties,obligationsorliabilities（所有责任）、applicablelaws,regulations,decrees,directives,andrules（适用法律法规）、charges,fees,costsandexpenses（各种费用）、covenantsandagreements（合同，协议）、customsandusages（惯例）、freeandclearof（无）、importdutyandtax（进口税捐）、,简明化,keepsecretandconfidential（保密）、licensesandpermits（许可）、nullandvoid（无效）、packingandwrappingexpenses（包装费）、rightsandinterests（权益）、settleclaimsanddebts（清理债务）、shipsandvessels（船只）、signandissue（签发）、supportandmaintenance（维护）、useandwont（习惯，惯例），等等。,1.NameofCommodity货物名称2.Specifications,QuantityandUnitPrice规格、数量和单价3.TotalValue(USD)总金额（按美元计）4.CountryofOriginandManufacturers生产国和制造商,合同翻译涉及到的因素,5.Packing包装6.ShippingMark唛头:用文字、图形和记号标明在货物的包装上,以便识别一批货物不同于另一批的标记。内容有批号、件号、港口、目的地、收货人、生产国名、合同号码、货名、数量等.,7.TimeofShipment:装运日期Shipmentwithinthelastten-dayperiodofMarch,2000,subjecttoacceptableL/CreachesSellersbeforethelastten-dayperiodofJanuary,2000,andpartialshipmentisnotallowed.2000年3月下旬装运。但要以卖方2000年1月下旬以前收到可接受信用证为条件，不允许分批装运。,8.PortofShipment装运港9.PortofDestination目的港10.Payment:支付条款ByaprimebankersIrrevocableSightLetterofCreditinSellersfavor,for100%valueofgoods.凭一流银行开出的不可撤消的即期信用证付款，信用证以卖方为受益人，并按照货物金额100%开具。,买方委托卖方按发票全额的120%投保水渍险和偷窃提货不着险，保险费由买方承担。TheBuyerherebyentruststheSellertoinsurethegoodsagainstW.P.A.andT.P.N.D.for120%oftheinvoicevalue.TheinsurancepremiumshouldbebornebytheBuyer.,11.Insurance:保险,12.Documents:单据ThefollowingdocumentsshallbepreparedbytheSellerandsubmittedtotheBuyer:卖方应准备以下单据提交买方(主语变换)1.CommercialInvoicein_Copies商业发票_份2.FullsetofcleanonboardoceanBillsofLadingmadeoutto_.全套清洁已装船提单，提货人为_.,3.InsurancePolicy;保险单QualityInspectionCertificate质量检验证CertificateofOrigin原产地证PackingList装箱单NoticeofShipment装船通知ThefollowingotherDocuments:_以下其他单据：,13.OverdueInterest:过期利息IftheBuyerfailstopayanyamountwhendue,theBuyershallbeliabletopaytotheSelleroverdueinterestorsuchunpaidamountfromtheduedateuntiltheactualdateofpaymentattherateof5percentperannum.SuchoverdueinterestshallbepaidupondemandoftheSeller.如买方未能按期支付到期款项,买方应支付未付款项，否则，应从到期日算至实际支付日之间的过期利息,按年利率5%计算。一经卖方提出，买方应该支付该利息。,14.Inspection:检验15.Penalty:违约金1)FailuretoMakeTimelyDelivery未按期交货IntheeventoftheSellerforitsownsakefailstomakedeliveryofallthegoodsontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theSellershallpayapenaltytotheBuyer.如果卖方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期交付全部货物，卖方应向买方支付违约金。,Thepenaltyshallbechargedattherateof2%oftheamountofthedelayedgoodsforevery10daysofdelayindeliveringthegoods,however,thepenaltyshallnotexceed20%ofthetotalvalueofgoodsinvolvedinthelatedelivery.Anyfractionaldayslessthan10daysshallbedeemedtobe10daysforthecalculationofpenalty.违约金将在迟延交货后每10天按所迟交货物总价的2%收取，但违约金不能超过迟交货物总价的20%。为了便于计算违约金，不足10天的小数天数按10天计算。,2)FailuretoTimelyOpentheLetterofCreditIntheeventthattheBuyerforitsownsakefailstoopentheLetterofCreditontimeasstipulatedinthiscontract,theBuyershallpaypenaltytotheSeller.如果买方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期开具信用证，买方应向卖方支付违约金。,Thepenaltyshallbechargedattherateof2%oftheamountoftheLetterofCreditforevery10daysofdelayinopeningtheLetterofCredit,however,thepenaltyshallnotexceed20%ofthetotalvalueinvolvedintheLetterofCreditamount.Anyfractionaldayslessthan10daysshallbedeemedtobe10daysforthecalculationofpenalty.违约金将在延迟开具信用证后每10天按所迟开信用证货物总价的2%收取，但违约金不能超过迟开信用证货物总价的20%。为了便于计算违约金，不足十天的小数天数按10天计算。,16.ForceMajeure:不可抗力NeitherpartyshallbeheldresponsibleforfailureordelaytoperformalloranypartofthisContractduetoflood,fire,earthquake,snowstorm,hailstorm,hurricane,war,governmentprohibitionoranyothereventsthatareunforeseeableatthetimeoftheexecutionofthisContractandcouldnotbecontrolled,avoidedorovercomebysuchparty.任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、飓风、战争、政策禁令或其他在合同执行时无法预见并不能控制、不可避免或无法克服的事件致使不能或迟延履行合同的全部或一部分时，该方不承担责任。,However,thepartywhoseperformanceisaffectedbytheeventofForceMajeureshallgiveanoticetotheotherpartyofitsoccurrenceassoonaspossibleandacertificateoradocumentoftheoccurrenceoftheForceMajeureeventissuedbytherelativeauthorityoraneutralindependentthirdpartyshallbesenttotheotherpartybyairmailnotlaterthan15daysafteritsoccurrence.但是，受不可抗力影响的一方应立即通知另一方，并于事件发生后15天内向另一方航空邮寄有关当局或独立的中立第三方出具的发生此种事件的证明书或文件。,17.Claims:Exceptthoseclaimsforwhichathirdpartyisliable,shouldthequality,specifications,quantity,weight,packingandrequirementsforsafetyorsanitation/hygieneofthegoodsbefoundnotinconformitywiththestipulationstothiscontract,theBuyershallgiveawrittennoticeofclaimstotheSellerandshallhavetherighttolodgeclaimsagainsttheSellerbasedontheInspectionCertificateissuedbytheInspectionOrganizationprovidedinClauses14.2tothisContractwithin21daysfromthedateofcompletionofunloadingofthegoodsattheportofunloading.Intheeventofnonconformity,theSellershallpromptlyrepairorreplacesuchgoodsorsupplythequantitythatisdeficient.,除了第三方应负责任的索赔，如发现货物的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装及涉及安全或卫生/保健等方面和合同的规定不一致，买方应对卖方发出书面通知并有权根据第14条第2款中所述的有关检验当局出据的检验证书对卖方提出索赔。索赔应在卸货港卸货完成后21天内提出。如发生不一致，卖方应立即修理或更换这些货物或补充数量。,IntheeventthattheBuyerdoesnotmakesuchclaimwithintheabove-mentionedtime-limit,theBuyershallforfeititsrighttomakeaclaimwithrespecttothequantitydeficiencyortheapparentqualitydefect.如果买方未在上述期限内提出索赔，则买方将视为放弃对货物数量不足或明显的质量瑕疵索赔的权利。,18.Termination:合同的解除Exceptasprovidedelsewhere,thisContractmaybeterminatedineitherofthefollowingcase:除非另有约定，该合同将在下述情况下解除：1)Throughmutualwrittenagreementbybothparties;双方共同达成书面协议；,2)Iftheotherpartyfailstoperformitsobligationswithinthetime-limitagreeduponinthisContract,andfailstoeliminateorremedysuchbreachwithin7daysfollowingthereceiptofthenoticethereoffromthenon-breachingparty.如果另一方未能在合同约定的时间内履行其义务，并且在收到未违约方通知后起七天内未能消除违约或采取补救措施。,19.Notice:通知20.Incoterms:InternationalCommercialTerms国际贸易术语UnlessotherwisestipulatedinthisContract,thetermsandconditionsofthisContractshallbeinterpretedinaccordancewiththeInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(INCOTERMS2000)providedbyinternationalChamberofCommerce.,21.Arbitration:仲裁AlldisputesarisingfromtheperformanceofthisContractshouldbesettledthroughfriendlynegotiation.Shouldnosettlementbereachedthroughnegotiation,thecaseshallbesubmittedforarbitrationintheCountrywherethedefendantresides.一切因执行本合同引起的争议，均应由双方友好协商解决。如协商不能取得解决，则应提交仲裁，仲裁应在被告所在国进行。,IfthearbitrationtakesplaceinChina,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTrade(CCPIT),ShanghaiandthearbitrationrulesofthisCommissionshallbeapplied.如仲裁在中国，应提交上海中国国际贸易促进会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规则进行仲裁。,IfthearbitrationtakesplaceintheUSA,thecaseshallbesubmittedtotheForeignTradeArbitrationCommissionofCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeNYandthearbitrationrulesofthisarbitrationorganizationshallbeapplied.如仲裁在美国，应提交纽约国际贸易促进会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其规则进行仲裁。,Theawardofthearbitrationshallbefinalandbindinguponbothparties.Thearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.该仲裁委员会的裁决为终局性的，对双方均有约束力，仲裁费用，除非仲裁委员会另有裁定，概由败诉方承担。22.Supplementaryconditions补充条款,ThiscontractshallbewritteninEnglishandChineselanguages,withtwooriginalsandonecopyforeachside.Thiscontractshallcomeintoeffectfromthedateitissignedbytherepresentativesofbothsides.AfterthesigningoftheContract,allthelettersortelexshallbecomenullandvoid.本合同以中英文书写，（原件）一式两份，双方各执一份。本合同自双方代表签字之日起生效。自本合同签订后，以前有关的信件、电传文件均为无效。,Exercises,TheContractismadeoutinEnglishandChineselanguagesinquadruplicate,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic,andeachpartyshallholdtwocopiesofeachtext.本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方各执英文本和中文本一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。,TheBuyersshallhavetherighttoclaimagainsttheSellersforcompensationofshortweightwithin60daysafterarrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestination,shouldtheweightbefoundnotinconformitywiththatstipulatedintheBillofLadingafterre-inspectedbytheCCIB.若经中国商品检验检疫局复验后发现重量与提单之规定不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港60天内向卖方提出重量索赔,IntheeventtheBuyerdoesnotfurnishthesellerwithshippinginstructionsonorbeforeAugust17,2007,theSellermayathisoptioncancelthiscontractanddemandtheBuyertopayanydamageshehassustainedonaccountofsuchfailureoftheBuyertogivesuchinstructions.,如买方在2007年8月17日或在此之前未向卖方发出装运通知，则卖方可自行决定取消本合同，并要求买方赔偿因未发出装运通知而使其蒙受的一切损失。,IfeitherofthePartiesfailstofulfillitsobligationsunderthisContract,itshallcompensatetheotherpartyforallitseconomiclossesresultinghereof.合同一方如不履行本合同规定义务，违约方应赔偿另一方因此而遭受的全部经济损失。,One-thirdofthetotalamountshallbepaidwiththeorderwhentheContractissigned,onethirdbydocumentarybillwhenshipmentiseffected,andthebalancebycleanbillswhenthegoodshavearrived.合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。,Within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,theBuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstotheSellerbyopeninganirrevocableL/CforthefullamountofUSD30000infavoroftheSellerthroughabankatexportpointsothattheSellermaydrawthesuminduetime.买方须于本合同签字并生效30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤消信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便卖方及时提款。,DuringtheperiodfromthedateofeffectivenesstotheterminationoftheContract,thetwoPartiesshallholdameetingveryyeartodiscussproblemsarisingformtheexecutionoftheContract.（原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期