科技英语在线考试试题.pdf

1. Obviously you came here intending to （ ） the United States and you will need a work visa A. rest with B. resort to C. render into reside in 满分：1 分 2. Toms father, as well as his mother, _ in New York for a few days more. A. ask him to stay asks him to stay C. ask he should stay D. asks he should stay 满分：1 分 3. Enough lava had _ from the volcano to bury the entire village. disrupted splashed erupted spilt 满分：1 分 4. A contract is the only document between the parties to which they may _ for clarification （澄清）of mutual responsibilities. refer offer prefer differ 满分：1 分 5. Scientists have discovered genetic variations that make people more likely to get _ on cigarettes and more prone to develop lung cancer. A. retained hooked C. tired D. hanged 满分：1 分 6. The manager decided to give the job to_he believed had a strong sense of duty. whoever B. whenever C. whatever D. wherever 满分：1 分 7. Now the committee （ ） seven members A. consist of B. is consisting of C. is consisted of consists of 满分：1 分 8. It was suggested that this problem _ at the next meeting. A. was discussed B. will be discussed C. have to be discussed be discussed 满分：1 分 9. Recent laws have tended to_ the freedom of the press in this country. A. exceed restrict C. convert D. resolve 满分：1 分 10. Winning by a narrow _, the Lakers now go on to play in the championship. . A. combat margin C. fringe D. conquest 满分：1 分 11. Theories have been proposed by astronomers to _ electrical disturbances （干扰） in the atmosphere. apply for allow for account for appeal for 满分：1 分 12. The International Whaling Commission warns that if nothing is done to save the whales now the species will soon be _. A. imitated B. intimated C. contaminated . exterminated 满分：1 分 13. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)_ courage to fight against two thieves. A. incredible B. resistant C. staple D. massive 满分：1 分 14. If it_tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our training class. rains B. rained C. will rain D. is raining 满分：1 分 15. Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large （ ） A. quantity scale C. quality D. proportion 满分：1 分 阅读理解 1. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1). According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. a persons property or debts do not matter much a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualification women should always dress fashionably women should not only be attractive but also high minded 满分：2 分 2). The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _. people do not realize the importance of looking ones best women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well good looking women aspire to managerial positions attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not 满分：2 分 3). Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deep they do not usually act according to the views they support they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratings they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments 满分：2 分 4). Good looks cut both ways for women(Line 1, Para.5) means that _. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs good looking women always get the best of everything being attractive is not always an advantage for women attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions 满分：2 分 5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well good looks are important for women as they are for men 满分：2 分 1. In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotles theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newtons theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy. Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory. The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state. It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits. Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have. 1). According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for _. a model of the universe a restricted part of the universe a set of rules a reality 满分：2 分 2). The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _. Aristotles theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newtons cannot. Newtons theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotles cannot. Aristotles theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot. 满分：2 分 3). The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories to invent one theory to describe the whole universe to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics to study the origin of the universe 满分：2 分 4). It is described in Newtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is _. inversely proportional to their mass inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them proportional to the square of the distance between them proportional to the constitution of them 满分：2 分 5). According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are _. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity Newtons theory of gravity and quantum mechanics the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity 满分：2 分 完形填空 1. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so- called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1) does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the new, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) . There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12) world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to (13) poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has (14) potential. To (15) advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices (16) respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is a/an (17) of their sovereignty（主权）might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States (18) its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is (19) Americas Second Wave infrastructure (20) roads, harbors, highways, ports and so onwere built with foreign investment. 1). divide information world lecture 满分：0.5 分 2). unclear visible invisible distinct 满分：0.5 分 3). forces obstacles events surprises 满分：0.5 分 4). Seriously Entirely Actually Continuously 满分：0.5 分 5). negative optimistic pleasant disappointed 满分：0.5 分 6). developed centralized realized commercialized 满分：0.5 分 7). users producers customers citizens 满分：0.5 分 8). enterprises governments officials customers 满分：0.5 分 9). away for aside behind 满分：0.5 分 10). netted worked put organized 满分：0.5 分 11). decrease narrow neglect low 满分：0.5 分 12). containing preventing keeping combating 满分：0.5 分 13). win beat defeat fear 满分：0.5 分 14). enormous endless numerical numbered 满分：0.5 分 15). bring keep hold take 满分：0.5 分 16). with for 满分：0.5 分 17). infection investment invasion insult 满分：0.5 分 18). invented guided built erected 满分：0.5 分 19). why where when how 满分：0.5 分 20). concerning concluding according including 满分：0.5 分 五、主观填空题（共 4 道试题，共 8 分。） V 1. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 Conversion (convert) to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 2. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 Most of us get easily irritated(irritable), while waiting for some picture to be downloaded, especially when we are in a hurry. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 3. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 The Hope Project desires to e eradicate（根除）poverty in this area by educating people for its future construction. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 4. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 1. Sleep, just like eating, toileting and dressing is a daily habit that requires (requirement) regular training before it becomes properly established. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 六、主观填空题（共 6 道试题，共 12 分。） V 1. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 1. The new Volkswagen is much more streamlined and almost all the body panels are c curved(弯曲的). 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 2. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 It took the authorities a long time to make identification (identify) of the accident victims. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 3. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 As you are usually very prompt in settling your account, we wonder whether there is any special reason why we have not received payment of the above account, already one month o overdue (过期的). 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 4. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 She has v volunteer (志愿) to assist the nature conservancy, a non-profit conservation organization, organized and existing under the laws of the state of new hampshire . 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 5. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词 You idea at least disposed (disposal) of the immediate problem though it may not be the best solution. 试题满分：2 分 第 1 空、 满分：2 分 6. 根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词