小测三阅读理解解题技巧(寻找主题句的方法).ppt

小测三阅读理解解题技巧寻找主题句的方法,新闻报道,导语提携全文,议论文,总-分-总,（论点论据结论）,说明文,主题句,（首中尾）,记叙文,记叙文六要素,第一步:识别文体,找主题句,寻找主题句的方法(一)记叙文:文中一般没有明显的主题句夹叙夹议文:主题句常在议论中说明文:一般在首段议论文:一般为总分总模式,即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。,寻找主题句的方法(二)文中出现的连词1.转折：however,but,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,inthisinstance,（例如PassageE)2.因果：so/therefore，3.让步：though,although,inspiteof,despite4.一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词：infact（例如PassageC,在文章的第二段第三句）,Thestudyshowsthat（例如PassageA,在文章的第一段第一句）,inshort,inconclusion,allinall,inaword等）,这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句。,PassageEInspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotors,andChryslerareemployingevenmoreworkersthanbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotmadeAmericanautoworkerslosetheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredoneofAustraliasbiggestemployers.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiablesociety.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressthemainideaoftheparagraph?A.GeneralMotorsisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheUSAbutalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkersD.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.,当出现两种或两种以上的观点时，过渡词（however,but,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,inthisinstance等后引出另一观点，一般转折后的观点是作者的观点，作者的观点才是全文主旨。,寻找主题句的方法(三)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.（例如PassageC,在文章的第一段第一句提出问题，在第二段给出答案）,（四）从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索.,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。（例如PassageF)或者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括出主旨大意。（例如PassageB),寻找主题句的方法,PassageFTomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinUniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,（五）从段落中寻找高频词,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。（例如PassageG),寻找主题句的方法,Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem.Itisexpectedtocarry20,000trucksandcarsaday,whichgreatlyreducestheovercrowdedtrafficinthecenterofthecity.Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.,PassageG,Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.Thesurfaceoftheroadliesonthebase,whichismadeofconcreteandsteel.Thedrainagesystem,justbelowtheroadsurfaceononeside,removesanyextraliquid,particularlywater.Intheeventoffire,thefiremain,whichismadeofsteel,pipeswatertomanyfirehydrantstationsatregularintervalsalongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.,75.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftwotunnelsD.thedesignoftwotunnels,第二步:推敲选项,排除干扰,推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案正确选项常含有概括性的词语正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案,第二步