新闻英语的特点及翻译.doc

新闻英语的特点及翻译abstract：news as journalism is a genre of publicizing latest events. it informs us of what is going on in the world at large. in the media it is an important commodity as well as a way of attracting audience keen to be informed of the events taking place in the world in which they live.the thesis firstly introduces the concept of journalistic english, its vocabulary and translation; then, the thesis analyzes the language features of journalistic english in the following aspects: glossary, writing, rhetoric and style; the thesis finally introduces the translation of journalistic english so as to further embody its features. a translator should follow the principles of faithfulness and acceptability in translating journalistic neologisms. by mastering the features of journalistic english, we can make our writing, more vivid and interesting, strength the expression of subject, and embroiders the atmosphere.key words：journalistic english; features; translation摘要：新闻是最新事实的报道，它是大众媒体中扮演着一个很重要的角色即吸引观众的注意并向之传送正在发生的时间的信息。从语言上说，新闻英语文体属于普通英语，即标准英语的主体层，但是它的词汇、标题和概括性导语又具有特别鲜明的特点，即新颖、生动、紧凑。全文主要从三个方面阐述了论题。文章首先介绍了新闻英语的概念、词汇及其翻译；其次从词汇、写作、修辞和文体等方面分析了新闻英语的语言特色。文章最后还从新闻英语的翻译来进一步反映新闻英语的特点。掌握英语新闻的语言特色可使我们更好地加以运用，使新闻文采顿生，加强主题思想表达的力度，渲染气氛，增添文章的趣味性。关键词：新闻英语;特点; 翻译introductionnowadays the pace of life is getting faster, people often first look at the title, and then they decide whether should to look at the entire article 3. title is important obviously spot in news, therefore, the good title certainly must be able to arouse the interest and the desire of readers, which makes fresh and the profound impression to the reader. the title first is attracting readers vision by its unique form and the striking status. the news title is an important method of playing the role of the prompt news content; it also holds the reader. in order to strengthen its attraction, the editor or reporter often increases literary talent for the title. it uses the certain rhetoric technique, thus it makes the title briefly and the article is vivid to be striking, the whole article is interesting.1.1 conceptwhat is the english news; it seems that it is difficult to make an accurate definition in terms of language. we should make a definition of a discipline to it, so that we can find out the answer of this question. a editor who prints something written in english on english newspaper or magazine. it will not be homogeneous from the viewpoint of language, and we have no reason to hope they are homogeneous. from the viewpoint the type of writing, an english newspaper incorporates things of diverse nature, besides english news report; there are english article, the comment, feature and advertisements. and these things we should put and carry on research within the range of other english kind from the viewpoint of linguistics, and because they are too many individual characteristics .it is unable to draw the conclusive. so we must put our attention on which is considered the common main function of newspaper, it offer information and the news report has exactly reflected such main function of newspaper. what kind of language characteristic is relating to english news report? though probably make some conclusions to this, but these conclusive statements can not be the overall or the ending one, this concept of english of the news report does not seem as meaningful as what was usually thought, because on english daily and weekly, we will find that there is more than one kind of news english. these types news english have extremely different types. so, someone thinks english news is not english which means news of certain english, and refer to a kind of synthesis of english of several kinds of english news. whats the news? news is a fresh report of events, facts, or opinions that people did not know before they read your story. news is anything timely that interests a number of persons; the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number. news is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them. news is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use, or interest to a considerable number of persons in a publication audience. for example, if a dog bites, it is not news, if bites dog, its big news 1.1.2 vocabularyvocabulary knowledge refers to what a learner knows about a word in the second language. vocabulary knowledge covers both the size and depth perspectives of word knowledge. vocabulary size denotes the number of words a learner possesses of the target language, including both the receptive and the productive aspects. with reference to the depth of vocabulary knowledge, the present study adopts the framework of nation, which includes four aspects of vocabulary knowledge; namely the dimension of form, position, function and meaning. each of those dimensions has been described receptively and productively.1.3 features of journalistic lexisthe value of news is primarily novelty, which means the unusual, the strange, the first or last or once-in-a-lifetime event is news. this means news should inform the reader of something new and unusual, therefore fresh experience and new cultural contents are frequently found in news reportage. there is a well-known saying. it is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog. though this saying is a little absurd, it is the usual case that readers attention tends to be drawn on new and fresh experience or cultural phenomena. in addition that news content itself should be new, linguistically and primarily, journalistic lexis plays an important part in embodying one of the features of news-novelty. in this chapter, we will analyze novelty of journalistic lexis and the translation of such journalistic words 2.1.4 features of news writingone may find that there are some differences in news reporting between the present-day society and those of the earlier stages of human civilization. this, nevertheless, is not the major difference 4. the most important difference is that there are many different kinds of news and a diverse audience today. news reporting in the 21 century serves more people than ever before. the fact that the values are changing today at an accelerating pace challenges journalists in many ways, moral, social, economic, legal and ethical, which was hardly thought of in a simpler and less sophisticated world. however, it challenges journalists in the way they write their news, that is, the way they use the language 5.news is different from other writing forms in many ways. journalistic writing is not like the writing of novels, essays, narratives or other similar literature. first, novelists and essayists rarely have the severe space problems news writers face constantly. it has been estimated, for instance, that the new york times receives about 2 million words of news material each day. however, about 90 percent is not used. news writers have to pick out the most important for the readers who certainly do not have enough time to cover all the news in a day. secondly, novelists and essayists rarely work under the same conditions as news writers who are always under deadline pressure. in the age of mass media, the sooner a newspaper can report the news, the more readers it will secure. a news story must be written quickly. unlike novelists who can spend a long time thinking how to present the story best through their mastery of the language, news writers often have little time to reconsider their diction, let alone to rewrite or rearrange.1.5 rhetoric features1.5.1 using analogyone of the determinants of news is interest, i.e., news must be universally absorbing and intriguing. as a result, in writing headlines; journalists often make use of rhetorical devices in the limited number of words to attract the reader alliterationthe news under this headline describes the event that the food to aid the refugees in famine-hit somalia was robbed. a desperate deed should be adopted to satisfy the desperate need of the refugees. this headline makes use of alliteration to describe the awful situation in somalia and arouse the attention of the reader.1.5.3 metaphora metaphor is a figure of speech in which something is described by stating another thing with which it can be compared without using the words as or like, e.g. middle east: a cradle of terror.1.6 translation theories and criteriathere are many approaches in translation study. the most important job we must do here is to find out the most suitable one for news translation. what kind of criteria should the news translators follow? one hundred years ago, the great translator cantu in china set a famous three-character criteria faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance which had had a great influence upon translation both theoretically and practically ever since. faithfulness and expressiveness are useful for news translation, as the news proper requires objectivity and veracity on the style level. the target language should be faithful in respect of the information of the original without any modification, either augment or abatement. at the same time we ought to emphasize on the content instead of the form of language when encountering something difficult to understand linguistically or culturally. but for the last character elegance, it is too reluctant to be applied in news translation.in the process of translation, there are three basic types of adjustment: redistribution, deletion and addition. in these three processes certain modifications are obligatory and others are optional. whether it is at home or abroad, in the past or at present, the nature of news is trueness and objectivity, which is unchangeable at all events. so in the redistribution of semantic elements, whether on a lexical, syntactical, or rhetorical level, there should be no actual increase in information, but the same information is simply given in a somewhat different form. deletion would appear to be a matter of loss of information, which is not permitted of course. but from another point of view, it is only a way to shift information from an explicit to an implicit level. no information is lost actually. as regards additions there may be a series of problems relating to possible increase of information. sometimes the receptor language requires an obligatory addition of information because of the absence of specific data which only exist in the source language, but in other cases the additions are optional which are usually better to be indicated in marginal notes. translators find them useful ways to improve the quality of their work and the efficiency in translating.1.6.1 translation methodswe have different classification according to different approaches. though different subjects may have different methods on some minor aspects while translating, we wont make our discussion on this level. if we talk about this issue respectively in accordance with the aspects like politics, economy, military, sports and so on, it will turn out to be meaningless. first of all we will not be able to set a definite boundary between these subjects, how can we make the analysis scientific then? on another aspect, news can be divided to hard news and soft news considering their natures. these two styles are different from each other greatly and they can cover all the subjects we have mentioned above, so our discussion can be developed on them satisfyingly.transliteration is necessary for proper names, scientific terms, terms of daily life, since there are no tolerable equivalents existing in the transliteration language, e.g., proper names such as chechen:车臣;plymouth:普利茅斯，names of animals such as koala:考拉;mammoth:猛码; curry:咖喱.after analyzing the examples, we know that full comprehension of associative meanings of journalistic neologisms plays a key role in translating. the meaning of a given word is not merely the accumulation of its separate parts. owing to cultural differences, a word-for-word translation is seldom equivalent to the sl. in this case, the associ