中考完形填空精讲.doc

一考点精讲：1 完形填空是一种比较客观地测试学生的英语知识和运用能力的综合测试题。近年来它是全国各地中考英语必考题之一，一般占分1015。2题型特征：（1）一般选用一篇约150-200字左右的短文，大多给以1015个空格。（2）每个空格上配有四个选项，四个选项一般都属于同一词类，同一语义范畴，通过运用相似联系，判断正确答案。（3）绝大多数考题的四个选项填入原文后往往都和设空前后的单词形成某种搭配，这样便形成了很强的迷惑性和干扰性，通过运用因果联系和整体与部分的联系，判断正确答案，答题时要求考生必须通篇考虑，综合运用所学的词汇和语法等知识，选择最佳的答案。3 完形填空题主要考查：（六大联系的综合运用）（1）一是根据上下文语境进行理解的能力；（2）二是语法知识、习语、句型结构等。4 解完形填空题常见的方法：（1）首先通过跳读”和“边读边猜”等技巧，整体理解全文，把握文章的体裁、主题。（2）其次是边阅读，边理解、分析、判断，选出既符合上下文意义，又符合语法、习惯用法的选项；最后是根据所选答案复读全文，验证答案。5完形填空通常有两种题型：一种是四选一，一种是首字母填空。其中第一种较普遍。二解题技巧： 第一步：定对象，把整篇文章看成一个整体，要着眼大局，速读全文。用34分钟，以略读方式快速浏览全文，从语篇整体上了解文章的主题，文体特征，找出作者的观点，态度，思路，结合段首句、段尾句和含有连贯意义的词语，找到文章展开的线索，句与句以及段与段之间的逻辑关系。 第二步：通过运用整体与部分的联系和部分与部分之间的联系的运用，逐句通读全文，各个击破，做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词汇，固定搭配或习惯用法，常用句式等纯知识问题，可以边读边随时猜测出答案。针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜测出答案的题目，利用上下文中、字里行间的线索猜测出答案。第三步：检查核实，通读选定答案后的全文。此时的文章应当是一个语法结构正确，用词准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，主题突出，内容充实，意思连贯的整体。从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：1、所选择的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，使上下文连贯和谐，与全文意义相协调；2、所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配；3、所选择的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求；4、所选词本身或附近的词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式。三解题策略：第一、运用语篇知识完形填空不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯，结构完整的语篇，利用篇章知识是做完形填空的非常重要技巧和手段。1、利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。（定角度）通常，完形填空的第一句话甚至前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，或为理解文章的大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。2、把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段落和句子之间的逻辑关系。（找部分与部分之间的联系）完形填空是篇有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。应熟记表达不同逻辑关系的连词：1）表示列举的连词：first，second，third-2）表示原因的连词：because，since3）表示结果的连词：so，therefore-3、利用上下文寻找解题信息。（找整体与部分之间的联系）完形填空的文章都是一个意义相关联的语篇。它围绕一个话题论述，在行文中词语重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，我们可以根据这些词之间的有机联系确定答案。所以，解题时，应联系上下文，寻找相关线索。第二、运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识词义理解和辨析以及语法结构是完形填空的测试重点，因此可以充分发挥平时积累的语言基础知识，利用搭配知识解题。 第三、运用背景知识，社会常识解题解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关社会的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。完形填空文章的内容经常与日常生活相关，有的内容是我们头脑中已经了解的常识。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断。第二部分中考真题解析1 2003 北京海淀 January 1 is New Years Day. People usually give parties to celebrate it. The SpringFestival comes next. It is the most important holiday in (1) . Before the Spring Festival, people (2) their houses and do a lot of shopping. On the eve of the festival, family members meet for a big dinner. After (3)They watch TV until midnight. They enjoy talking and eating. (4),people cheer to welcome the New Year and wish each other good luck. May 1 is Labor Day. Big celebrations are held in public places. Teachers Day is on September 10. Students give cards or (5)to their teachers to express theirthanks. The Mid-Autumn Festival comes in September or October. People get together 1 is our National Day. We usually have a get-together for a family dinner and then eat moon-cakes and watch the full, (6) moon. October 1 is our National Day. We usually have a get-together to celebrate it,( 1 ) A. Canada B. China C. AustraliaD. France(2) A. cleanB. buildC. sellD. draw(3) A. school B. workC. dinnerD. picnic(4)A. At nine B. At ten C. At eleven D. At twelve(5)A. drinksB. flowersC. music D. e-mail(6)A. old B. tallC. roundD. dark1 答案：BACDBC2 解析：命题意图：以情景意义为主，考察阅读理解，逻辑推理和利用生活常识解题的能力。1） 常识判断法：春节是中国重要的节日。2） 综合判断法：春节前要扫房子3） 关键词法： 4） 综合推断法：结合春节习俗5） 比较法：学生送花表谢意6） 常识判断法：中秋月是满的，园的。 第三部分真题强化训练一 故事类1Cars are very popular in America. When the kids are fourteen years old, they dream of having their own1 Many students work after school to2_ a car. In most places3_ people learn to drive in high school. They have to take a 4 test to get a license, learning to drive and getting a drivers5 may be one of the most ex-citing things in their lives. For many, that piece of paper is an important symbol that they are now grown-ups.Americans seem to love their cars almost more than anything else. People almost never go to see a doctor when they are6, But they will take7cars to ahospital at the smallest sign of a problem. At weekends ，people8_ mostof the time in washing and waxing their cars. For some families it is not enough to have9car. They often have two or even three. Husbands need a car to go to work. Housewives need a car to go shopping or to takethechildren to school or10activities. 1. A. cars B. computersC. bikes D. houses 2. A. borrowB. buyC. lend D. sell 3. A. old B. tall C. strong D. young 4. A. languageB. listening C. drivingD. body 5. A. address B. bookC. nameD. license6, A. sick B. healthyC. pleasedD. angry7. A. hisB. her C. yourD. their8. A. cost B. takeC. spend D. pay9. A. no B. oneC. someD. several10. A. otherB. another C. others D. else2One snowy and windy afternoon, Linda, an 11 -year-old girl, went out for play. Unluckily she was blown 1a snow ditch by the seashore She was frightened and tried her best to 2 the ditch. But the ditch was quite 3and she was too weak to do so. So Linda 4 for help at the top of her voice. But she could hear nothing 5the terrible noise of the wind.6 came to help her. She tried again and again. Her face was whippedby the 7wind, and she was almost frozen. She wanted to give up hope. Just at that moment, Linda saw a black dog 8 through the heavy snow. It was Villa, her true friend. She was very glad to see the sign of life. And the dog began to work 9_ she got to Linda. She cleaned the snow around Linda10. reached out her big strong head to Linda. Linda closed 11her arms round Villas neck. The dog backed away 12 pulling her out of the ditch little by little. Successfully, Linda got out of the .13at last. Then she stood up! With great difficulties, led by her true friend Villa, she was 14. Villa, the lovely 15, was offered the medal of Brave Dog of America. 1.A. underB. intoC. on D. onto 2.A. fall intoB. go acrossC. get into D. get out of3. A. longB. small C. deep D. tall4. A. spoke B. talked C. said D. cried5. A. much B. butC. only D. more6. A. Nobody B. Anybody. C. SomebodyD. Everybody7. A. strongB. light C littleD. small8. A. ridingB. leaving C. passing D. driving9. A. because B. before C. if D. as soon as 10, A. but B. however C. andD. so 11, A. allB. every C. eitherD. both 12. A. easily B. slowly C. quicklyD. hardly 13. A. riverB. ditchC. snow.D. sand 14. A. saved B. killedC. deadD. found 15. A. girl B. dogC. Linda D. boy二 科普类 1Man has invented four kinds of satellites. The first kind of satellites studies the 1of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they can 2. oil or gold. The second kind of satellites is used to3 ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite and can find out 4 it is. The third kind of satellites studies the weather. These satellites 5clouds and strong winds moving across the earth. They warn countries to make preparation when very 6weather is coming. They 7of the earth from thousands of miles above it and send the photos to weather stations on the ground.8 kind is used for communication. Telephone calls 9 countries can be sent by these satellites. Some can carry hundreds of calls at one time. The call is sent to the satellite then the10., sends it to a station in the country and this country is being phoned. These satellites also carry pictures:they can receive and send about eight programs at a time.1.A. physics B. chemistry C. geographyD. biology2. A. findB. buyC. chooseD. send3. A. make B. guideC. carryD. repair4. A. what B. whoC. how heavy D. where5. A. watchB. drive C. stop D. push6. A. fineB. coolC. bad D. sunny7. A. take care B. draw picturesC. have a lookD. take photos8. A. Another B. The otherC. The last D. One9. A. between B. at C. in D. of10. A. man B. satellite C. telephoneD. caller 2Many people have seen flying saucersin the sky.1 can these things be? Some people think they are spaceships from other planets. Doctors 2that perhaps they are only a weakness of the3 . Itispossible that they are our own planets 4, very high. Or are they birds with the 5light on them? 6some people say that they have seen them land. They have seen beings(/,)get7them and walk around. They have8to these beings,sometimes in English. People have,9photographs of flying saucers and of these beings. They have taken them in. 10 . Children have seen flying saucers, and1 ldogs have seen them. Perhaps we do not think that the opinions of12or dogs are important. But school teachers have 13 seen them and air force officers ,judges , and even 14 as well. Must we not 15these people?1. A. How B. What C. Which D. Where2. A. sayB. prove C. knowD. understand3. A. earth B. planetsC. ears D. eyes4. A. risingB. flyingC. riser D. flown5. A. earthsB. sunsC. moons D. stars6. A. AndB. ThereforeC. But D. Or7. A. toB. on C. inD. off8. A. saidB. writtenC. taken D. sent10. A. a houseB. a hurryC. colorD. this way11. A. onlyB. even C. early D. almost12. A. children B. the oldC. men D. women13. A. oftenB. hardlyC. also D. still14. A. our friends B. policemen C. girls D. boys15. A. believeB. speak to C. look outD. stay with三伦理、道德、文化习俗类1 The famous comedy actor named Niu Zhenhuawas killed on May 11 in a traffic accident in Beijing. Its 1more than 104. 000 people in China died of traffic accidentsin2003. Chinesecitieshave more cars than2.Both drivers and pedestrians must obey the new traffic law which was first3into use on May Day to make streets 4. Drivers have to slow downwhen theyare close to 5. If people are in a crosswalk, cars must stop 6them walk first7there are no traffic signals. But if people 8the street when the light is red, they can be linedas 9as 50 yuan. Bus drivers can not smoke,drink or make phone calls10driving; Buses that carry too many people are also against the law. Pedestrians shouldnt climb11the fences along streets. Its not a good idea to12classmates on the back of your bike, or you could be fined 50 yuan. Its better to13your seat belt when you ride, in cars even if for a short taxi ride. It could save your life. The law also tells us to help 14 stay safe. Little children cant cross roads by themselves. And dont be afraid to help people to the hospital if they are15in an accident. The new law says that doctors must take care of them even if they cant pay right away.1. A. toldB. says C. reportedD. spoken2. A beforeB. last year C. two years agoD. countryside3. A. carriedB. kept C. pat D. come4. A. safeB. cleanC. safer D. wider5. A. crosswalksB. stations C. streets D. roads6. A. to let B. letting C. to make D. to help 7. A. when B. ifC. although D. even though8. A. acrossB. passC. walk D. cross9. A. many B. much C. moreD. less10. A. whileB. whenC. as well as D. if1 1. A. upB. over C. on D. at 12. A. ask.B. pick C. carryD. fetch 13. A. wear B. dressC. put onD. in 14. A. othersB. the otherC. otherD. another 15. A. painful B. killed C. hurt D. sick2 Nearly everybody enjoys chicken, and the most famous name in chicken is Kentucky Fried Chicken. Mr. Sanders, I the man who started this 1 was not always very rich. At one time, he 2 a small gas station next to a highway . Many truck drivers 3 there to get gas and take a rest. Mr. Sanders realized they were often 4, so he began serving sandwiches and coffee. 5 the sandwiches he made tasted good, and didnt6too much, more and more 7came to eat at his place. 8 Mr. Sanders began to serve fried chicken. People _9_ it very much, and his new business grewrapidl