体育 营养课程 (2).ppt

Chapter2LectureOutline,CopyrightTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Permissionrequiredforreproductionordisplay,PhilosophyThatWorks,“Consumeavarietyoffoodsbalancedbyamoderateintakeofeachfood.”VarietyChoosedifferentfoodsBalancedDonotovereatanysingletypeoffoodModerationControlportionsize,NutrientDensity,NutrientDenseComparisonofvitaminandmineralcontentwithnumberofkcalsEmptycalories,ComparisonofNutrientDensity,EnergyDensity,ComparisonofkcalcontentwithweightoffoodHigh-energy-densefoodsLow-energy-densefoods,StatesofNutritionalHealth,DesirableNutritionalHealth,IntakemeetsbodysneedsBodyhasasmallsurplus,Undernutrition,IntakeisbelowbodysneedsSurplusesaredepletedHealthdeclinesMetabolicprocessessloworstopSubclinicaldeficiencyClinicalsymptoms,Overnutrition,IntakeexceedsbodysneedsShorttermFewsymptomsLongtermSeriousconditionsObesityA,MeasuringNutritionalState,AnthropometricBiochemicalAssessmentClinicalAssessmentDietaryAssessmentEconomicAssessment,MeasuringNutritionalState,LimitationsofNutritionalAssessment,DelayedsymptomsandsignsSymptomsduetodifferentcauses,HealthyHabitstoAdopt,ConsumeahealthydietControlyourweightDrinkalcoholinmoderation(optional)Exercise30minuteadayDontsmoke,GuidelinesForPlanningHealthyDiets:,TheFoodGuidePyramid,TranslatesscienceintopracticaltermsHelpspeoplemeetnutritionalneedsForcarbohydrate,protein,fat,vitamins,moderateintotalfatModerateyourintakeofsugarsChooseandpreparefoodswithlesssaltIfyoudrinkalcoholicbeverages,dosoinmoderation,UsingoftheDietaryGuidelines,ConsideryourstateofhealthDifferencesingeneticbackgroundThereisnooptimaldiet,AdvicefromtheAmericanDieteticAssociation,Berealistic,makesmallchangesBeadventurous,trynewfoodsBeflexible,balancesweetsandfattyfoodswithphysicalactivitiesBesensible,watchportionsBeactivedaily,NutrientStandardsandRecommendations,DietaryReferenceIntake(DRI),OngoingandcollaborativeeffortHealthCanadaandtheFoodandNutritionBoardoftheInstituteofMedicine(US),RDAsAIsDRIsEERsULs,StandardsUndertheDRI,TheRecommendedDietaryAllowances,“Recommendedintakesofnutrientsthatmeettheneedsofalmostallhealthypeopleofsimilarageandgender”-theFoodandNutritionBoardoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ScientificResearch,Studies,LaboratoryanimalexperimentsHumanstudiesCase-controlstudyDouble-blindstudyPeerReviewFollow-upstudies,StandardsForFoodLabeling,DRIsaregenderandagespecificFDAdevelopedtheDailyValuesGenericstandardusedonfoodlabelsAllowforcomparison,DRVfor2000kcal,NutritionFacts,WhatsontheFoodLabel?,ProductnameManufacturersnameandaddressUniformservingsizeAmountinthepackageIngredientsindescendingorderbyweightNutrientcomponents,WhatFoodRequiresaLabel?,NearlyallpackagedfoodsandprocessedmeatproductsHealthclaimsFreshfruit,vegetable,rawsingleingredientmeal,poultry,fisharevoluntary,WhatisNotRequiredonaLabel?,%DailyValueforprotein(forfoodsintendedfor4yrs.orolder)ProteindeficiencyisrareProceduretodetermineproteinqualityisexpensive,HealthClaimsAllowedonFoodLabelsRelatingto,OsteoporosisSomecancerCardiovasculardiseaseHypertensionNeuraltubedefectsToothdecayStrokeUseof“may”or“might”,ComparativeandAbsoluteNutrientClaims,Sugar(free,noadded)Calories(free,low)Fiber(high,foodsource,added)Fat(free,low,reduced)Cholesterol(free,low,reduced)Sodium(free,low,light),Claims,Fortified/enrichedHealthyLight,liteDietGoodsourceOrganicNatural,PoorNutritionAdvice,QuickfixWarningsofdangerSoundstoogoodtobetrueSimplisticconclusionsRecommendationsbasedonsinglestudyDramaticstatementsLists“good”and“bad”foodsSellingaproductStudiespublishedwithoutpeerreviewStudiesthatignoredifferencesamongindividualsorgroups,GoodNutritionAdvice,PhysiciansRegisteredD/find/htmlwww.dietitians.ca,DietarySupplements,DietarySupplements,DietarySupplementHealthandEducationAct(DSHEA)1994Classifiedvitamins,minerals,aminoacidsandherbalremediesas