颅骨及其连结人体解剖学系统解剖学.ppt

一、颅骨bonesoftheskull,分为脑颅骨、面颅骨,脑颅骨,面颅骨,第三讲颅骨及其连结,颞骨temporalbone,顶骨parietalbone,额骨frontalbone,蝶骨,枕骨occipitalbone,筛骨ethmoidbone,蝶骨sphenoidbone,额骨frontalbone,筛骨ethmoidbone,分部,筛板,垂直板：构成骨性鼻中隔上部,筛骨迷路,筛板cribriformplate,垂直板perpedicularplate,筛骨迷路,筛骨ethmoidbone,筛板垂直板筛骨迷路,蝶骨sphenoidbone,大翼greaterwing,小翼lesserwing,翼突pterygoidprocess,蝶骨体sphenoidbody,眶上裂superiorobitalfissure,圆孔foramenrotundum,蝶骨sphenoidbone,体大翼小翼翼突,蝶鞍垂体窝,圆孔卵圆孔棘孔,枕骨occipitalbone,颞骨temporalbone,鳞部squamouspart,鼓部tympanicpart,岩部petrouspart,颞骨temporalbone,鳞部鼓部岩部,分部,顶骨parietalbone,（二）面颅骨：,（15块）,成对：,不成对：,上颌骨、颧骨、鼻骨、泪骨、腭骨、下鼻甲,犁骨、下颌骨、舌骨,上颌骨maxilla,颧骨zygomaticbones,泪骨lacrimalbones,鼻骨nasalbones,腭骨palatinebones,犁骨vomer,下颌骨mandible,下鼻甲,腭骨,下颌骨mandible,下颌体bodyofmandible,下颌支ramusofmandible,颏孔mentalforamen,冠突coronoidprocess,髁突condylarprocess,下颌头headofmandible,下颌颈neckofmandible,下颌角angleofmandible,下颌孔mandibularforamen,分一体两支下颌体下颌支,下颌骨mandible,分一体两支下颌体下颌支,舌骨hyoidbone,大角greaterhorn,小角lesserhorn,舌骨体bodyofhyoidbone,犁骨vomer,上颌骨maxilla,额突颧突牙槽突腭突,一体：上颌体,四突,腭骨palatinebone,二、颅的整体观,1、颅顶面观,冠状缝coronalsuture,人字缝lambdoidsuture,矢状缝sagittalsuture,2、颅后面观,枕外隆凸externaloccipitalprotuberance,人字缝,3、颅内面观,（1）颅盖内面观,（2）颅底内面观,颅前窝,颅中窝,颅后窝,眶上裂superiorobitalfissure,圆孔foramenrotundum,鸡冠cristagalli,筛板cribriformplate,筛孔cribriformforamina,垂体窝hypophysialfossa,视神经管opticcanal,破裂孔foramenlacerum,卵圆孔foramenovale,棘孔foramenspinosum,三叉神经压迹trigeminalimpression,枕骨大孔foramenmagnum,舌下神经管内口internalopeningofhypoglossalcanal,横窦沟sulcusfortransverssinus,乙状窦沟sulcusforsigmoidsinus,颈静脉孔jugularforamen,内耳门internalacousticpore,圆孔foramenrotundum,4、颅底外面观,切牙孔incisiveforamina,骨腭bonypalate,鼻后孔posteriornasalaperture,腭大孔greaterpalatineforamen,枕髁occipitalcondyle,舌下神经管外口externalopeningofhypoglossalcanal,颈动脉管外口externalopeningofcarotidcanal,茎突styloidprocess,茎乳孔stylomastoidforamen,乳突mastoidprocess,外耳门externalacousticpore,下颌窝mandibularfossa,关节结节articulartubercle,颧弓zygomaticarch,5、颅侧面观,组成,脑颅：,面颅：,额骨、顶骨、枕骨、蝶骨、颞骨,颧骨、上、下颌骨,颞窝,颞下窝,翼区pterionarea（翼点）：,为额、顶、颞、蝶四骨结合处，内有脑膜中动脉前支通过，此处骨质最薄。,外耳门,乳突,颧弓,翼点,6、颅前面观,（1）眶orbit：,底（眶口）,尖,上壁,内侧壁,下壁,外侧壁,眶上切迹supraorbitalnotch,眶下孔infraorbitalforamen,视神经管opticcanal,泪腺窝fossaforlacrimalgland,泪囊窝fossaforlacrimalsac,眶下裂inferiororbitalfissure,眶下沟inferiororbitalsulcus,眶的交通,底（眶口）与外界相通,经视神经管与颅中窝相通,经鼻泪管与鼻腔相通,经眶下裂与翼腭窝、颞下窝相通,经眶下孔与面部相通,经眶上裂与颅中窝相通,（2）骨性鼻腔,骨性鼻中隔,顶：,底：,外侧壁：,：犁骨、筛骨垂直板,筛板,骨腭（上颌骨腭突、腭骨水平板）,有上、中、下鼻甲和上、中、下鼻道及蝶筛隐窝,犁骨,筛骨垂直板,筛板,骨腭,（3）鼻旁窦paranasalsinuses：,1）额窦：,眉弓深面，开口于中鼻道前部,2）筛窦：,前、中群开口于中鼻道，后群开口于上鼻道,3）蝶窦：,蝶骨体内，向前开口于蝶筛隐窝,4）上颌窦：,上颌骨体内，开口于中鼻道,额窦frontalsinus,蝶窦sphenoidalsinus,上颌窦maxillarysinus,筛窦ethmoidsinus,三、颅骨的连结,颅的连结,纤维连结：缝软骨连结：蝶枕软骨结合等颞下颌关节,颞下颌关节temporomandibularjoint,构成,特点,运动,下颌头下颌窝和关节结节,关节软骨为纤维软骨囊内有关节盘将关节腔分为上、下两部分,上提和下降前进和后退侧方运动,四、新生儿颅,特征：,颅相对较大,脑颅远大于面颅,有颅囟：前囟、后囟、蝶囟、乳突囟,额骨,顶骨,颞骨,蝶骨,颧骨,枕骨