体育 营养课程 (3).ppt

Chapter3LectureOutline,CopyrightTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Permissionrequiredforreproductionordisplay,BodyOrganization,CellsformTissuesTissuesformOrgansOrgansformSystems(e.g.,digestive),CellProcesses,ConstantturnoverofsubstancesRequireenergy,adenosinetriphosphateRequirenutrients,CellMembrane,Doublelayersoflipid,carbohydrate,andproteinControlspassageofsubstancesDistinctidentificationstructures,Organelles,CytoplasmMitochondriaPowerplantMajorsiteforenergyproductionEndoplasmicreticulumCommunicationnetworkRoughendoplasmicreticulum-proteinsynthesisSmoothendoplasmicreticulum-fatsynthesis,Organelles,GolgiComplexPackagingsiteforproteinLysosomesCellsdigestivesystemPeroxisomesDetoxifyharmfulchemicals,Nucleus,DoublemembraneGeneticmaterialDNADirectsproteinsynthesisandcelldivision,FourTypesofTissues,EpithelialLinestheoutsidesurfacesandexternalpassagesConnectiveHoldsstructurestogetherMuscleContractstocausemovementNervousTransportsnerveimpulses,ExchangeofNutrients,CardiovascularandLymphaticSystems,HeartandbloodvesselsBloodPulmonarycirculationSystemiccircuitLymphaticsystem,CardiovascularSystem,CapillaryandLymphVessels,PortalCirculation,TransportsnutrientsFromthesmallintestineDeliverstotheliver,BloodCirculation,LymphaticSystem,ContainslymphImmunecellsPassageforlargeparticlesEmptiesintoveinsleadingtotheheart,NervousSystem,RegulatorysystemCentralNervousSystemBrainandthespinalcordPeripheralNervousSystemBranchesouttoorgansBasicunitisNeuronRespondstoelectricalandchemicalsignals,Transmission,SendingSignals,ChangeinsodiumandpotassiumconcentrationNeurotransmitterSecretionofdopamine,epinephrine,andnorepinephrineDependentonnutrientsupply,EndocrineSystem,Secretesregulatorysubstances(hormones)TargetcellswithreceptorproteinsBodysmessengerInsulinThyroidhormones,ImmuneSystem,TheSkin,ContinuousbarrierEffectsofnutritionaldeficienciesLysozyme,TheIntestinalCells,BarriertoinvadingmicrobesImmunoglobulinsMuscosalmembraneEffectsofnutritionaldeficiency,WhiteBloodCells,AttackmicroorganismPhagocytesCell-mediatedimmunityAntibodiesAntibody-antigenresponseTemplate(memory)made,TheDigestiveSystem,TheMouth,MasticationTasteSalivaSolventEnzymesMucus,TheEsophagus,LongtubeEpiglottisPeristalsisLoweresophagealsphincterHeartburn,TheStomach,SphinctersSizeGastricjuicesHolding“tank”FormationofchymePreventionofautodigestion,PhysiologyoftheStomach,StomachAcid,DestroysactivityofproteinActivatesdigestiveenzymesPartiallydigestsdietaryproteinAssistsincalciumabsorptionMakesdietarymineralssolubleforabsorption,Peristalsis,TheSmallIntestine,Approximately10feetlongFoldedwallsVilliAbsorptivecellsRapidcellturnover,TheSmallIntestine,NutrientAbsorption,PassiveabsorptionFacilitatedabsorptionActiveabsorptionPhagocytosisandpinocytosis,NutrientAbsorption,TheLargeIntestine,IndigestiblefoodstuffNovilliorenzymesMucus-producingcellsAbsorptionofwater,someminerals,vitaminsBacteriaElimination,Rectum,StoolEliminationMusclecontractionAnalsphincters,AccessoryOrgans,PancreasGallbladderLiver,TheLiver,BileEnterohepaticcirculation,ThePancreas,DigestiveenzymesHormonesGlucagonandinsulinPancreaticjuicesBicarbonate,TheUrinarySystem,KidneysUreterBladderUrethraWasteproductsBloodacid-basebalance(pH),StorageCapabilities,MaintainingreservesAdiposetissueGlucoseAminoacidsVitaminsandmineralsCalciuminbones,Genetics,NutrigenomicsNutritionalDiseaseswithageneticlinkCardiovasculardiseaseHypertensionObesityDiabetesCancerOsteoporosis,CommonProblemswithDigestion,UlcersHeartburnConstipationHemorrhoidsIrritableBowelSyndromeDiarrheaGallstones,Ulcers,Canoccurinesophagus,stomachandsmallintestineCauseH.Pylori,Heartburn,Gastroesophagealrefluxdisease(GERD),Constipation,DifficultorinfrequentevacuationCausesIgnoringnormalurgesMusclespasmsCertainmedicationsTreatmentDietaryfiberFluidsRegularphysicalactivity,Laxatives,IrritatetheintestinalnerveDrawwaterintotheintestineRegularuseisharmful,Hemorrhoids(piles),SwollenveinsoftherectumandanusIntensepressureandstrainingDietaryrecommendation:Fiberandfluid,IrritableBowelSyndrome,SymptomsCramps,bloating,increasedfrequency,diarrhea,constipationCausesAlteredintestinalperistalsisDecreasedpainthresholdIndividualizedtreatmentEliminationdietModeratecaffeineLow-fat,small,freque