我国专用汽车现状问题与对策外文文献翻译/汽车车辆类中英文翻译/外文翻译

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计  1 附录 A Present Existing Problems and Strategies about Special Purpose Vehicle in China In today's world, with the rapid development of economy, the highway mileage of the rapid increase. Steam.The car to specialization, and the fast pace, the trend of the development of the ChongXingHua direction is more and more obvious, contributed to AD.Use the car demand increases year by year. A. has become a transportation and various special purpose of main.B. in the automobile industry, the pivotal status. A special car is to point to put a special feature.With equipment, have the special function, used to undertake special transportation tasks or special operations of steam.Car LlJ, special vehicle and the research, production and application in achieving specialization not only transport and homework.Aspects of a functional by society, attention and welcome, and enhance the transport in efficiency, reduce the transportation into.The application of this, expanding car field play an extremely important role. 1. the development of specialized automobile in brief  Our country special automobile production is the 1960 s in the military vehicle, fire The foundation of the vehicle by the developed gradually. In the 70 s, some special automobile manufacturers According to the different national economic sectors need, formed his own product features, and gradually become A certain categories of backbone enterprise specialized in automotive production. Such as manufacturing semi-trailers hanyang special cars Factory, production powder of special car factory, wuhan tanker refrigerating automobile production of zhenjiang refrigeration steam Depot, etc. ". In the 80 s, along with the development of national economy, a special car got bigger.In the car industry development, formed in the special automobile industry factory independent, and become the economic construction Snow to transport and work equipment. 1993 1996 years, due to the national macroeconomic The influence of the control policy, a special car market development have been stagnant. 1998 years After weeks of expanding domestic demand, home increase input in the construction of a copy and so on a series of positive financial administration For a special car, at the same time as the automobile industry of the development of a key, expanded in special steam The car needs, by 2000, China's national 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计  2 economy operation to make major turning point, economy into a Rapid growth, a special car market went out of whack. The market size, volume increases for Elsevier date: 2008-10 a plus 14 Rise. In 2000, the production of various kinds of special automobile (including dump truck, half hanged tractor, etc.) and. Ol A 2 |, accounting for about 25% of commercial vehicles. By 2006 up to 562000 vehicles. Accounting for years Goods of the car around 40%. This shows that the Chinese commercial vehicles with the speed of the following in constantly Fast, following the trend is more and more obvious. Figure l for 1998-2006 China's special vehicle The production status.      Fig 1 Special Purpose Vehicle Production of China from 1998 tO 2006 Our country a special car after 40 DuoNian development, it has 1 million cars in The production ability, constantly optimize the structure of the company, have a lot of enterprises to participate in international competition Industry, in product variety, class, process equipment, independent research and development capacity and a big lift High, about 60% of the special automobile production enterprise has complete product research and development system. Some less Some products have reached the international advanced level. Watch for 2003 2006 l special steam in our country Import and export situation, we can see that car. In 2003, a special car imported J 285 cars, exports 841 cars, exports account for 65% of the amount into r d, to 2006, to reduce the amount into L1 625 cars, out 1:3 quantity but increased to 4479 vehicles, exports is 7.2 times of imports. Therefore, our country A special car has basically realize from the transformation of import to export.  2. our country the existing problems in the development of a special car  In global terms, our country a special car present a van to turn, ChongXingHua, intelligent, high grade Change, the development trend of the multi-polarization. And with 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计  3 the new industry, the incessant, and development, in the AD Door transport and special the homework is more and more obvious superiority, special vehicle market is in fast Speed growth period. But, our country special automobile industry overall and to Europe, the U.S., Japan and other countries and The advanced level of area compared, also has the very big disparity is still relatively low level of competition, the main body serious Now the following respects. 1) production enterprise had spread too much  In recent years, the rapid growth of economy and the rapid construction of expressway, prompting many enterprise Invest in van, tank car to car, dump and special semi-trailer which mainly low, medium The value added products specialized automobile production in, they or expand series, or to increase production. to Make the above all kinds of products are several hundred enterprise production. But the domestic market of use has more High technology content and high value-added products, special car only comes from domestic enterprise and a few Foreign enterprise. At present our country most special automobile production enterprise symptoms is: ChangDian volume is dispersed, Small, development ability is weak. Table 2 for 2006 years in China production enterprise (special vehicle production The main car factory) divided by production situation, we can find that, production in the l 000 vehicle The QiYeShu modified enterprise of under 76.6% of the total, enterprise, ChanChang number production quantity Less. The problem is: which has process equipment level behind and low production efficiency； Repeat born Production is serious, serious comprehensive production capacity surplus； Product quality is uneven, marketing means of a single, Enterprise profit ability is poor, participate in international market competition ability are relatively weak.  2) product structure is not reasonable  Trucks, buses specialty extent will promote transportation efficiency and the quality of the homework now High. The 20 th century, s in many developed countries from truck chassis. Based on IIii adapted to Auto possession of special accounts for about 50% of the trucks quantities, now has been increased to 80% in the four J. Our country a special car start later, after DuoNian development, although before and already has a life Production scale, become an important part of the automobile industry in our country, but a special car 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计  4 quantities of load Van quantities is still less than 40%. The developed countries of parts of specialized automobile products to ChongXingHua, Special function of strong, high technical content the direction of development, and the market demand, the variety has a match More than 6 000, the product structure is reasonable, and heavy, medium, the proportion of 3:4:3 close to light. I Countries at present a special car varieties although has reached 000, but 5 heavy, medium, light ratio for 2:5:3. Because of the road conditions and special automobile chassis production in our country, the limit of a car Straight to medium to give priority to. The proportion of heavy car obviously low, the product structure is not reasonable, and skills Art and quality level also intermingled.  3) technology including the higher product development ability of autonomous  A special car is a kind of high technology products, it will machinery, electronics, hydraulic, chemical, environmental protection On fields of advanced technology in a modular integration special automobile chassis, so as to realize Certain specific functions ", so the car production characteristics is high technical requirements and many varieties, Small batch, market demand change quickly. Foreign exclusive products used car basically brought The advanced technology, related domain product development innovation quick ly to the largest extent satisfy user The special needs. And our country special automobile in output is already has a large scale, but the majority Is labor-intensive low technical content of products, such as semi-trailer, dump. Some technical The content is higher specialized automobile products production, but not very few enterprise by introducing Technology and own development reached higher level. Due to insufficient investment in technology, lack of funds Giants. Lack of innovation, independent development ability is weak, result in some high technology content of products and shut Key parts still needs to import, such as hydraulic parts, pumps, valves, control of instruments and other M J, so restricted The high level of the development and production of special cars. At the same time, domestic some strong car manufacturers In product technology and capital investment, there is also a lay particular stress on the car, of cars, buses and special light Car (special automobile chassis) phenomenon.   黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计  5 附录 B 我国专用汽车现状问题与对策       当今世界，随着经济的快速发展，高速公路里程的迅速增加。汽车向专业化、高速化、重型化方向发展的趋势越来越明显，促使对专用汽车的需求逐年增加。专用车已成为运输及各种特殊用途的主力车种，在汽车工业中占有举足轻重的地位。专用汽车是指装霞有专用设备、具备专用功能、用于承担专门运输任务或专项作业的汽车，专用汽车的研制、生产和应用不仅在实现专业化运输和作业方面受到社会的，一泛重视和欢迎，而且在提高运输效率、降低运输成本、扩大汽车的应用领域等方面都发挥着极重要的作用。  1）我国专用 汽车的发展简况       我国专用汽车的生产是 20 世纪 60 年代初在军用改装车、消防改装车的基础卜逐步发展起来的。 70 年代，一些专用汽车生产厂家根据国民经济各部门的不同需要，形成了自己的产品特色，逐步成为某一门类专业汽车生产的骨干企业。如生产半挂车的汉阳特种汽车制造厂、生产粉罐车的武汉专用汽车厂、生产冷藏汽车的镇江冷藏汽车厂等。 80 年代，随着国民经济的发展，专用汽车得到了较大的发展，在汽车行业中形成厂独立的专用汽车行业，并成为经济建设中的雪要运输与作业装备。 1993 1996 年间，由于受到国家宏观经济调控政策 的影响，专用汽车市场发展一直处于停滞状态。1998 年以后，周家实行了扩大内需，加大摹本建设投入等一系列积极的财政政策，同时将专用汽车作为汽车行业发展的一个重点，扩大了对专用汽车的需求，到 2000 年，我国国民经济运行出现重大转折，经济进入较高速增长期，专用汽车市场走出低谷。市场容量增大，产销量持续上升。 2000 年我国生产各种专用车 (含自卸车、半挂牵引车等 )18.01 万辆，占载货汽车的 25左右。到 2006 年已达到 56 2 万辆占载货汽车的40左右。这表明我国载货汽车专用化的速度在不断加快，专用化趋势越来越明 显。图 l为 1998 2006 年我国专用汽车的生产状况。       我国专用汽车经过 40 多年的发展，目前已经具备 100 万辆的年生产能力，企业结构不断优化，出现了一些能够参与国际竞争的企业，在产品品种、档次、工艺装备、自主研发能力等方面有了很大提高， 60左右的专用汽车生产企业拥有完备的产品研发体系。有少部分产品已达到国际先进水平。表 l 为 2003 2006 年我国专用汽车进出口情况，可以看出。 2003 年我国专用汽车进口 1285 辆，出口 841 辆，出口量占进口量的 65，到 2006 年，进口量减少到