人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 课程设计 > 连杆工艺设计及有限元分析【3张CAD图纸】【优秀】

连杆盖.dwg

连杆工艺设计及有限元分析【3张CAD图纸】【优秀】

资源目录

连杆工艺设计及有限元分析【3张CAD图纸】【优秀】.rar

连杆盖.dwg---(点击预览)

连杆整体.dwg---(点击预览)

连杆工艺设计及有限元分析论文.doc---(点击预览)

连杆.dwg---(点击预览)

论文.doc---(点击预览)

外文翻译--机械设计理论.doc---(点击预览)

任务书.doc---(点击预览)

prt0003.prt.3

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：295406 类型：共享资源大小：993.28KB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2014-07-08 上传人：上*** IP属地：江苏

25
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 连杆工艺设计有限元分析 cad图纸

资源描述：

尾接杆零件的工艺规程和斜孔钻模设计

28页 12000字数+说明书+任务书+答辩稿+外文翻译+4张CAD图纸【详情如下】

任务书.doc

外文翻译--机械设计.doc

尾接杆毛坯图.dwg

尾接杆零件图.dwg

尾接杆零件的工艺规程和斜孔钻模设计答辩稿.ppt

尾接杆零件的工艺规程和斜孔钻模设计论文.doc

工序卡片.doc

工艺卡片.doc

斜孔钻模装配图.dwg

钻模板.dwg

一、题目

尾接杆零件的工艺规程和斜孔钻模设计

二、指导思想和目的要求

　　　毕业设计（论文）是培养学生自学能力、综合应用能力、独立工作能力的重要教学实践环节。

通过毕业设计，学生对四年所学知识进行回顾和总结，培养自学能能力和独立工作能力，对本专业加深了解，为步入社会工作岗位做好理论和时间准备。学会理论联系实际，用严谨和认真的态度分析和解决遇到的问题，从而实现认识的深化。

三、主要技术指标

绘制零件图；

设计与绘制毛坯图

制定工艺路线

编制全部工艺规程

设计钻模

编写论文

四、进度和要求

　　　1、分析并绘制零件图 1周

　　　2、绘制毛坯图 1周

　　　3、设计工艺路线及编制工艺规程 4周

　　　4、设计工艺装备 3周

　　　5、编写说明书（论文） 2周

五、主要参考书及参考资料

[1] 阎光明，侯忠滨.现代制造工艺基础.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007.

[2] 王长春，孙步功.互换性与测量技术基础.北京：北京大学出版社，2010.摘要

本设计的题目是尾接杆工艺规程及斜孔钻模设计。内容可分为机械加工工艺规程编制和斜孔钻模夹具设计两个部分。

　　　首先，运用机械制造技术及相关的课程知识，解决工件在加工过程中的定位、加紧以及工艺路线的安排等方面的相关问题，确定相关的工艺尺寸及选择合适的机床和刀具。其次，通过分析尾接杆，了解尾接杆的作用。然后，依据毛坯件和生产纲领的要求，制定出切实可行的铣夹具加工工艺规程路线，确定加工方案。最后，根据被加工零件的加工要求，参考机床夹具设计手册及相关方面的书籍，设计出高效、经济、合理并且能保证加工质量的夹具。

随着社会的进步和科技的发展，机床夹具的通用性也直接影响其经济性。机床夹具的高精、高效、通用、经济等性质的良好发展将在我国的现代化工业建设和发展过程中起着至关重要的作用。

关键词：夹具设计,机械加工,工艺,工装

ABSTRACT

This design topic is The tail rod and inclined hole jig process design. Content can be divided into the machining process planning design and the machine tool's fixture design two parts.

First, with mechanical manufacturing technology and related course knowledge and solve workpiece position in the process, which belong to the process route arrangement and the related aspects related technology problem, determine the size and choose appropriate machine and tools. Secondly, through the analysis the tail rod, understand the tail rod. Then, on the basis and milling fixture blank piece and production program requirements, formulate feasible milling machining procedure line, fixture to determine processing plan. Finally, according to the requirements of the processing of processed spares, reference the machine tool's fixture design manual and related books, design the efficient, economy, reasonable and can ensure the process quality fixture.

Along with the progress of the society and the development of science and technology, the machine tool's fixture commonality also directly affects its economy. The machine tool's fixture with high precision, high efficiency, gm, economic and other properties of the good development will be in the modernization of our country in the process of the development of industrial construction and plays a vital role.

KEY WORDS: fixture design, Mechanical processing, Craft,Fixtures

第一章绪论7

1.1 课题背景及发展趋势7

1.2 夹具的基本结构及夹具设计的内容8

第二章尾接杆工艺规程编制9

2. 1 零件的分析9

2.1.1 零件的作用9

2.1.2零件的工艺分析9

2.2 确定毛坯11

2.2.1选择毛坯11

2.2.2设计尾接杆毛坯图12

2.3 工艺规程设计14

2.3.1 定位基准的选择14

2.3.2 工艺路线的制定15

第三章夹具设计的基本知识18

3.1机床夹具的概述18

3.1.1机床夹具的定义18

3.1.2机床夹具的功用18

3.1.3机床夹具的组成18

3.1.4机床夹具的分类19

3.2 机床夹具的设计特点和要求20

3.2.1 机床夹具的设计特点20

3.2.2 机床夹具的设计要求20

3.3 机床夹具总图设计20

3.3.1总图设计的步骤20

3.3.2总体设计的几点要求21

第四章尾接杆斜孔钻模设计22

4.1夹具设计方法及步骤22

4.2拟订定位方法与对定位元件23

4.2.1 定位方案分析23

4.4 钻床夹具的设计24

4.5 绘制尾接杆夹具装配图25

前言

设计是有关尾接杆零件的加工工艺步骤的说明和斜孔钻模设计的具体阐述。工艺设计是在学习机械制造技术及机床夹具设计后，在生产实习的基础上，综合运用所学相关知识对零件进行加工工艺规程的设计和机床夹具的设计，根据零件加工要求制定出可行的工艺路线和合理的夹具方案，以确保零件的加工质量。

　　　制造工艺是指加工制造产品或零件所使用的路线、设备及加工方法的总称。工艺可以是多样化的，它对成本和效率都会产生影响。应用机床夹具，有利于保证工件的加工精度、稳定产品质量；有利于提高劳动生产率和降低成本；有利于改善工人劳动条件，保证安全生产；有利于扩大机床工艺范围，实现“一机多用”。

　　　为了提高机床在生产过程的生产效率，双面、四面和多件装夹的夹具产品越来越多。为了减少工件的安装时间，各种自动定心夹紧、精密平口钳、杠杆夹紧、凸轮夹紧、气动和液压夹紧等，快速夹紧功能部件不断地推陈出新。随着社会的进步和科技的发展，机床夹具的通用性也直接影响其经济性。所以只有改进研发更高效率的夹具，以适应现代化工厂机床生产要求。

　　　就我个人而言，我希望能通过这次毕业设计，了解并认识一般机器零件的生产工艺过程，巩固和加深已学过的知识，理论联系实际，对自己未来将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练，从中锻炼自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，为今后的工作打下一个良好的基础。由于个人能力所限，设计尚有许多不足之处，恳请各位老师给予指导。加工工艺及夹具毕业设计是对所学专业知识的一次巩固，是在进行社会实践之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习，也是理论联系实际的训练。

机床夹具已成为机械加工中的重要装备，同时是机械加工不可缺少的部件，在机床技术向高速、高效、精密、复合、智能、环保方向发展的带动下，夹具技术正朝着高精、高效、模块、组合、通用、经济方向发展。机床夹具的设计和使用是促进生产发展的重要工艺措施之一。随着我国机械工业生产的不断发展,机床夹具的改进和创造已成为广大机械工人和技术人员在技术革新中的一项重要任务。

1.1 课题背景及发展趋势

材料、结构、工艺是产品设计的物质技术基础，一方面，技术制约着设计；另一方面，技术也推动着设计。技术是产品形态发展的先导，新材料，新工艺的出现，必然给产品带来新的结构，新的形态和新的造型风格。材料，加工工艺，结构，产品形象有机地联系在一起的，某个环节的变革，便会引起整个机体的变化。随着机床加工精度的提高，为了降低定位误差，提高加工精度对夹具的制造精度要求更高精度夹具的定位孔距精度也随着提高，机床夹具的精度已提高到微米级，世界知名的夹具制造公司都是精密机械制造企业。诚然，为了适应不同行业的需求和经济性，夹具有不同的型号，以及不同档次的精度标准供选择。

工业的模块、组合夹具元件模块化是实现组合化的基础。利用模块化设计的系列化、标准化夹具元件，快速组装成各种夹具，已成为夹具技术开发的基点。省工、省时，节材、节能，体现在各种先进夹具系统的创新之中。模块化设计为夹具的计算机辅助设计与组装打下基础，应用CAD技术，可建立元件库、典型夹具库、标准和用户使用档案库，进行夹具优化设计，为用户三维实体组装夹具。模拟仿真刀具的切削过程，既能为用户提供正确、合理的夹具与元件配套方案，又能积累使用经验，了解市场需求，不断地改进和完善夹具系统。组合夹具分会与华中科技大学合作，正在着手创建夹具专业技术网站，为夹具行业提供信息交流、夹具产品咨询与开发的公共平台，争取实现夹具设计与服务的通用化、远程信息化和经营电子商务化。迅速发展对产品的品种和生产率提出了愈来愈高的要求，使多品种，对中小批生产作为机械生产的主流，为了适应机械生产的这种发展趋势，必然对机床夹具提出更高的要求。

1.2 夹具的基本结构及夹具设计的内容

与此同时夹具的通用性直接影响其经济性。采用模块、组合式的夹具系统，一次性投资比较大，只有夹具系统的可重组性、可重构性及可扩展性功能强，应用范围广，通用性好，夹具利用率高，收回投资快，才能体现出经济性好。因此，我认为加快用高新技术改造和提升夹具技术水平的步伐，创建夹具专业技术网站，充分利用现代信息和网络技术，与时俱进地创新和发展夹具技术。主动与国外夹具厂商联系，争取合资与合作，引进技术，这是改造和发展我国组合夹具行业较为行之有效的途径。

按在夹具中的作用,地位结构特点,组成夹具的元件可以划分为以下几类:

(1)定位元件及定位装臵；

夹紧元件及定位装臵(或者称夹紧机构)；

(3)夹具体；

(4)对刀,引导元件及装臵(包括刀具导向元件,对刀装臵及靠模装臵等)；

(5)动力装臵；

(6)分度,对定装臵；

(7)其它的元件及装臵(包括夹具各部分相互连接用的以及夹具与机床相连接用的紧固螺钉,销钉,键和各种手柄等)；

每个夹具不一定所有的各类元件都具备,如手动夹具就没有动力装臵,一般的车床夹具不一定有刀具导向元件及分度装臵。反之,按照加工等方面的要求,有些夹具上还需要设有其它装臵及机构,例如在有的自动化夹具中必须有上下料装臵。零件是飞机液压助力器执行机构中的主要部件之一。从整体上来看，飞机液压助力器是安装在飞机副翼操纵机构中或方向舵操纵系统中，用于不可逆的液压助力器操纵。当飞机液压系统损坏或压力下降时，液压助力器外筒左右两腔沟通，即助力器当一拉杆使用，以实现人力应急操纵。每架飞机上装有两台液压助力器。分别操纵左右副翼或方向舵。

尾接杆零件在产品中一端与液压助力器外筒组件连接，另一端通过关节轴承与飞机的副翼连接，其作用是带动飞机操纵系统的摇臂和拉杆，而使飞机的副翼偏转，在工作时能够传递3800公斤以上的力，是一个能承受复杂力的受力件。

2.1.2零件的工艺分析

零件的材质为30CrMnSiA，属中碳调质钢，强度高，焊接性能较差。30CrMnSiA调质后有很高的强度和足够的韧性，淬透性也好。调质后该材料做砂轮轴，齿轮，链轮都可以。30CrMnSiA具有良好的加工性，加工变形微小，抗疲劳性能相当好。用于轴类、活塞类零配件等。用于汽车、飞机各种特殊耐磨零配件等。

参考文献

[1]孙桓，陈作模，葛文杰. 《机械原理》第七版. 北京：高等教育出版社

[2]濮良贵，纪名刚.《机械设计》第八版.北京：高等教育出版社

[3]吴宗泽，罗圣果. 《械设计课程设计手册》北京：化学工业出版社

[4]马兰，《机械制图》.北京：机械工业出版社

[5]刘守勇等.《械制造工艺与机床夹具》. 机械工业出版社

[6]白成轩.《机床夹具设计新原理》.机械工业出版社

[7]融亦鸣《计算机辅助夹具设计》.机械出版社

[8]肖继德、陈宁平.《机床夹具设计》第2版.机械工业出版社

连杆.gif

连杆.jpg

连杆盖.gif

连杆整体.gif

内容简介：: 毕业任务书一、题目连杆的工艺设计及有限元分析二、指导思想和目的要求连杆生产和加工是汽车业的重中之重，工艺技术也成为一个国家制造业发展的标志，利用良好的工艺技术可以完成很多以前不能完成任务，而且加工的准确性精度和耐用度都可以得到很好的保证。本次毕设题目来源于生产实践，利用CAD画出零件图然后进行工艺路线的编制，随后用PROE建模导入ANSYS做有限元分析。三、主要技术指标1. 零件图3张；2. 三维建模零件1个； 3. 辅助加工程序1份；4. 毕业设计论文1份；四、进度和要求 1.收集资料 2周2.外文翻译 2周3.画出零件图 2周4.工艺编制 2周5.有限元分析 2周6.编写说明书（论文） 2周7.准备并完成答辩 2周五、主要参考书及参考资料 1 朱焕池. 机械制造工艺学. 北京：机械工业出版社.2003.42 邓文英. 金属工艺学（第五版下）. 高等教育出版社.2008.43 阎光明. 现代制造工艺基础. 西安：西北工业大学出版社.2007.5 4 刘治映. 毕业设计（论文）写作导论. 长沙：中南大学出版社.2006.6 5 焦小明. 机械加工技术. 北京：机械工业出版社.2005.7 6 龚桂义. 机械设计课程设计图册（第三版).高等教育出版社.2010.47刘英. 机械制造技术基础.北京:机械工业出版社，2008.98 戴枝荣. 工程材料及机械制造基.北京:高等教育出版社，2003.5(171-178) 9王凡. 实用机械制造工艺设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社，2008.510上海市金属切削技术协会.金属切削手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社,198211周昌治. 机械制造工艺学，重庆:重庆大学出版社.1994.10，(180-183)12柯建宏. 机械制造技术基础课程设计.武汉:华中科技大学出版社，2008.113陈宏钧. 典型零件机械加工生产实例.北京:机械工业出版社，2004.814黄如林. 切削加工简明实用手册.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.415梁柄文. 机械加工工艺与窍门.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.1016王启义. 机械制造装备设计.北京:冶金工业出版社，2002.4，(160-202)17金属机械加工工艺人员手册修订组编.金属机械加工工艺人员手册，上海: 上海科学技术出版社,1981.1018贾亚洲. 金属切削机车概论.北京:机械工业出版社，1996.5(23-53)19梁炳文. 机械加工工艺图集.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社，1991.1020濮良贵，纪名刚. 机械设计（第七版）.北京:高等教育出版社，2001.621徐大湧. 现代制造工程（月刊）.编辑单位：现代制造工程杂志社，2010年第1期II 西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文 Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineering material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain? Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal. Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineering material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. ecent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程。另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。在开始阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，并得到批准。这一般是通过口头讨论，草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流，需要解决下列问题：（1）所设计的这个产品是否真正为人们所需要？（2）此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争能力？（3）生产这种产品是否经济？（4）产品的维修是否方便？（5）产品有无销路？是否可以盈利？只有时间能对上述问题给出正确答案。但是，产品的设计、制造和销售只能在对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配图，与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行磋商。通常，在制造过程中会出现某个问题。可能会要求对某个零件尺寸或公差作一些更改，使零件的生产变得容易。但是，工程上的更改必须要经过设计人员批准，以保证不会损伤产品的功能。有时，在产品的装配时或者装箱外运前的试验中才发现设计中的某种缺陷。这些事例恰好说明了设计是一个动态过程。总是存在着更好的方法来完成设计工作，设计人员应该不断努力，寻找这些更好的

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。