2016年高考英语母题题源系列-专题13-阅读理解(说明文)(含解析).doc

母题十三阅读理解（说明文） 【母题来源一】【2016全国新课标I】【母题原题】【2016全国新课标I】DThemeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingapersonsneeds.ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthattheperson wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold【答案】32-35.C A D B33.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。34.D细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选D 。35.B主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。考点：社会生活类短文阅读 【母题来源二】【2016全国新课标II】【母题原题】【2016全国新课标II】CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner.12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D 10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“.hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故A正确。11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“.the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BookC的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BookC把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。【名师点睛】本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“.hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：However,thequestionthatmoonpeopleaskedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.首先，it指上句中的thequestion，而thequestion又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。考点：考查说明文阅读【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【得分要点】从解题方法的角度讲，根据不同的题材和体裁，结合阅读的题型特点，采用不同的阅读方法，但不论怎样，理解文章的内容的前提。从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【母题1】【广东省汕头市金山中学2016届高三上学期期末考试】“Cant hold a candle to” is a popular expressionWhen there wasnt electricity, someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candleThe expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servantNow，it means such a person cannot compare or competeAnother expression is“hold your tongue”It means to be still and not talk“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friendBut a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor newsIt means to refuse to play or workProfessional football and baseball players“hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worthThe expression“hold up” has several different meaningsOne is a robberyA man with a gun may say,“This is a hold upGive me your money”Another meaning is to delayA driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for workAnother meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigationA story can hold up if it is proved true“Hold on”is another expression，which means wait or stopAs you leave for school，your brother may say,“Hold on，you forgot your book” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephoneOur final expression is“hold the line”That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worseto hold steadyFor example，the president may say he will“hold the line on taxes”He means there will be no increase in taxes4. The expression“cant hold a candle to”can be used when _ A. some footballers refuse to play a gameB. someone else is wanted on the phoneC. someone is not qualified for a positionD. someone was delayed by heavy traffic5. The tune of the phrase“hold your tongue”is probably a little _ A. amusing B. polite C. unfriendly D. offensive6. If some teachers“hold out”，they probably _ A. change their attitude B. refuse to workC. make a compromise D. show their devotion7. Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings? A. I was late as I was held up by a hold upB. Hold on! You have to pay the bill，sirC. You cant even hold a candle to MichaelD. I promise to hold the line on house prices【答案】 4C5C6B7D【解析】试题分析：本文属于文化类说明文，介绍了英语中几个常用的短语，介绍了每个短语的内在含义和具体使用语境并举例进行了说明。4.C推理判断题。根据第一段后2行The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servantNow，it means such a person cannot compare or compete这个短语是指那些不会给你拿蜡烛的人是不适合做你的仆人的，也就是说这样的人是不合格的。故该短语是指C项含义。考点：考查说明文阅读【母题2】【山东省日照市第一中学2016届高三上学期期末考试】Move over Psy. Theres a new viral music video on the Internet thats getting millions of people dancing and laughing. Psy is a singer who created Gagnam Style, a music video which featured a catchy tune and interesting dance. The new music video called The Fox (What does the fox say?) has recently gone viral. At 123 000 000 views, it may even catch up to Gagnam Style. The video asks the question, “What does the fox say?” Its a good question. And it seems, at least according to the music video, there is no good answer. Actors in the video dress up like the animals theyre singing about. One of the brothers dresses up like a fox. There is a surprising and silly dance in the video that takes the viewer a bit off-guard. The videos appeal is the songs simple rhythm and catchy chorus (副歌). The makers of the video never expected the video to do well or even to be taken seriously. In fact, it started out as a joke. The song was written by two brothers from Norway, Vegard and Bard Ylvis ker. The brothers have their own late-night talk show in Norway. They thought the video would be so bad that it would give them something to talk about on their show.Z-x-x-k.Com On their website, they say the video was “supposed to entertain a few Norwegians for three minutes and thats all.” But people started loving it. Some people say that once you listen to the delightfully silly song, you want to listen to it again and again. The brothers have been guests on some major North American talk shows. They say theyre happy about the success of their video, but they know that tomorrow something else could come along and be even bigger.32. What can be learnt about the music video invented by Psy?A. It featured the traditional style of Korean music.B. It was difficult for people to follow.C. I