润滑油提纯方法与真空高效净油机设计外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

重 庆 理 工 大 学 毕 业 设 计（论文）英文翻译 题目 真空加热式高效净油机设计 二级学院 机械工程学院 专 业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 109040202 姓 名 涂成康 学 号 10904020226 指导教师 系 主 任 时 间 2012 年 2 月 25 日 2013 年 6 月 14日 Purification of design method and vacuum purifying oil engine lubricating oil 1.Foreword Turbine oil (oil) on turbine generator is mainly used for lubrication and cooling speed, etc., for the steam turbine unit long-term operation, due to high pressure steam seal, motor shaft seal and other serious wear, band gap or steam pressure regulating improper, cause on phenomena, and oil cooler leakage, resulting in serious water turbine oil oily, appear murky or emulsified oil, accelerated aging, to produce soaps, colloid and organic and inorganic acid, reduce the stability and lubricating oil. At the same time, water and additive effect of oil could promote the decomposition, cause equipment corrosion. On the other hand, because the system external contaminants through shaft seal and various pore to enter, such as sand, dust, rust, carbon particle, and internalmetal wear particles, oil oxidation products, will also reduce the oil viscosity, anti - foam, destruction of oil film, increasing friction, wear of mechanical equipment, and may cause the speed control system block, failure, cause local overheating and even stuffy car. The formation of sludge pipeline emulsified oil may also deposit in the speed control, circulation system, the operation of oil, can not flow smoothly, no lubrication, cooling speed, good effect. Therefore, the turbine oil is good or bad, directly affect the safe and economic operation of the unit. Transformer oil after several years of operation, due to various reasons, the quality deterioration, oil oxidation, color depth, water, clay, free carbon, acid value, viscosity, mechanical impurities will exceed the standard, the potential danger of transformer. Processing methods commonly used are: power off, stop, change new oil. However, the rapid economic development and energy is very scarce in China, a new oil is obviously not the economy. Therefore, this article will explore the oil processing method, and introduces a high efficiency oil machine apparatus and process. 2. Lubricating oil processing method Currently the oil regeneration purification method there are 7 ways 2.1Gravity settling barrier method This method is primarily used to remove large proportion, larger particles of impurities in oil, as well as water intake is very serious in making coarse purification, purification measures must be complemented with other purification methods. 2.2Pressure filtration method The Act, also known as mechanical filtration. Traditional plate-and-frame type filter, which uses oil pump pressure pressure difference of formation on both sides of filter paper, when waste oil through filter paper, impurities and water filter. But inefficient operations, used dosage in big trouble. High cost breakdown voltage increase is less obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel. 2.3 Centrifugal separation method This method use proportion in waste oil, water impurities in different. Under the centrifugal force produced by the high speed rotation of the oil-water separation, to purify the purpose of impurity. This method is not high, the requirements of water heavy waste turbine oil, hydraulic oil, lubricating oil can be used as a pretreatment, high efficiency. But it can not remove dissolved water purification, and less pressure filter. Only the centrifuge is used as a coarse filter device. 2.4Vacuum separation method It makes use of oil and water boiling point difference exists, so that the oil atomization or form oil film in vacuum and under certain temperature, the moisture evaporation, removal of water in oil, gas, and filter out impurities. The performance, efficiency of vacuum oil purifier, because the structure of many, each are not identic al. High efficiency equipment to a new generation of volume, power consumption is very small is gradually replacing the traditional vacuum oil purifier. 2.5Condensation purification method It makes use of waste oil flowing through the high pressure (10 40kV) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties. 2.6Electrostatic separation method It uses the oil flowing to the high voltage ( 10 40kV ) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties. 2.7 Purification and regeneration method Regeneration method of purification and regeneration of adsorbents and chemical law, media law, including contact and percolation method. Adsorbent of traditional method use of activated white clay, with larger active surface adsorption materials such as silica gel, acid component of waste oils, resins, asphaltenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons and water, there is a strong characteristic of adsorption capacity, make adsorbent full contact with the waste oil to remove harmful substances. Contact media mix with the oil, will be restricted from oil regeneration process within equipment. Infiltration law was forced through oil fitted with granular adsorbents (such as silica gel, particulate clay, alumina, and so on) does not require mixing, also charged handling of electrical equipment. Chemical regeneration process, first with sulfuric acid and oxidation products in the waste oils generated acid residue, and then contact Clay mixing process, or by using lye (sodium hydroxide standard solution) and acidic acidity of oils in the ingredients. Generated salts soluble in the caustic sludge formed in alkaline solution. Lye removal, remaining a little salt water washed or treated with a white soil contact. Regeneration treatment suitable for more serious deterioration of oil, but oil containing more water and impurities, it should dehydrate, impurities before regeneration, regeneration after the strict application of pressurized oil to the filter, prevent sorbent particles are brought into the power device. In addition, regeneration also can be a useful component in oil to get rid of, so the regeneration is completed should rejoin the antioxidant T501. For oil degradation of more serious, only a chemical regeneration methods, but huge chemical regeneration equipment, complex, intensive, work efficiency, long life cycle, the energy consumption is high. Obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel. 3.Technical characteristics of vacuum oil purifier General dewatering, degassing vacuum oil purifier and impurity removal function. Impurities by multistage mechanical filter to meet the requirement, and the moisture content in oil and gas separation many times over and over again find it more difficult to achieve the desired level of vacuum oil purifier is at the heart of separation of vacuum degassing and dewatering systems. A separation effect of vacuum oil purifier, advantages and disadvantages of isolation tank efficiency largely depends on the performance and quality largely depends on the performance of oil separation tank in one of the forms. At present, the domestic vacuum oil purifier, its processed oil in the gas-liquid separation tank in existence can be summarized as 3. Namely, fog-like volume, of oil film. Simple volume and separation, it is characterized by the formation in oil separation tank full tank wall of overall State, when the space above the oil is pumped into the vacuum, water vapor from above only volatile, volatile small, inefficient. Spray an improvement over the volume, when oil from the upper spray into the isolation tank, spray the granular form of volatile oil drop oil surface than an increase in the volume, but most of the water and the bubbles still being within the oil drops, essential effect is still poor. Oil film shaped is will diesel injected tank within, tank within has many metal hole plate, makes oil liquid has opportunities in hole pull of surface formed thin oil film, to than Qian two species forms are increased has oil of surface area, but actually efficiency still lower, space utilization poor, volume large, often to repeatedly repeatedly filter, heating must is high, otherwise oil in the residual moisture difficult to quickly reached wanted to degree, oil also easy aging. 4. vacuum oil purifier Vacuum oil purifier, high separation efficiency, is found in limited form in the vacuum tank oil film with a total area of bigger is better, followed by oil-film surface should be kept up to date, then there oil liquid film flow in a vacuum the longer the better, better ventilation and separator plates, easy removal of water vapour. For this, in the machine vacuum separation tank above first by spray type Distributor, will from infrared heater of hot oil uniform of Jet to upper separation Tower plate, dang just by plus and boiling to purification of pressure oil liquid by atomization distributor spray into steam liquid separation above Shi, first in collapsed metal network above space are fog shaped separation, due to into oil end atomization distributor of role, is easy formed than General particles more fine of uniform fog shaped, immediately oil filling is uniform to distribution to upper fine hole metal online. The rectangle as the collapse the network produces a lot of slope, oil form a very thin oil film on the slope first, while maintaining the high-vacuum tank, moisture in oil and bubbles easily are volatile, because surface is tilted, diesel continued downward at the same time, has the potential to roll accompanied by stirring, the oil surface has been updated. Separation efficiency at its best on the same slope, and thin metal mesh is made of very fine wires, there are numerous small holes through the holes, oil not only in surface flow formation on film, while soaked to the next surface, form a thin film on both sides, and good air permeability. Vaporization components can easily be pump, thanks to collapse so that it can be in the same volume much larger than conventional forms of the film (expanded) surface area. Between each level of folding NET lining into a metal hole, drill-intensive network of thin plate on top of the hole collapse played a supporting role, again on the next tier network to the redistribution of oil a nd damp mixing roles, both upper and lower surfaces forming a film. Thus, in situations not increasing overall dimensions, its could be added to the regular structure of the total area of more than 250% and tortuous collapse the network structure, the oil flow paths are complex and extended, so that the oil film in the vacuum holding time increased considerably, moisture in the oil and gas separation effect increases dramatically. 润滑油提纯方法与真空高效净油机设计 1. 前言 汽轮机油 (透平油 )在汽轮发电机组中主要用于润滑、调速和散热冷却等，对于长期运行的汽轮机组，由于高压汽封、 电机轴封等严重磨损，带间隙或汽封压力调节不当，引起串汽现象，以及冷油器泄漏，造成透平油严重含水，出现油质浑浊不清或乳化，加速油质老化，产生皂类、胶质和有机与无机酸，降低油的稳定性和润滑价值 1。同时，水分会与油中添加剂作用促使其分解，导致设备锈蚀。另一方面由于系统外污染物通过轴封和各种孔隙进入，如砂子、尘土、锈渣、碳粒，及内部金属磨损颗粒、油品氧化产物，也会降低油的粘度、抗泡沫性，破坏油膜、增大摩擦，磨损设备机件，并有可能导致调速系统卡塞、失灵，引起局部过热甚至闷车。乳化油还有可能沉积于调速、循环系统的管 路中，生成油泥，使运行油不能畅通流动，起不到良好的润滑、调速、冷却作用。因此，透平油的好坏，直接影响到机组的安全经济运行。 变压器油经过几年运行后，由于各种原因，使油质发生劣化，油液氧化、油色变深，水分、油泥、游离炭、酸值、机械杂质、粘度等都超标，造成变压器潜在的危险。常用的处理方法是：断电、停产、换新油。 但是，对于经济高速发展而能源又相当紧缺的我国来说，换新油显然是不经济的。为此，本文将探讨油处理方法，并介绍一款高效净油机装置及其工艺。 2 润滑油处理方法 2 目前国内的油液再生净化方法有以下 7 种 2.1 重力沉障法 此法主要用以除去油中比重较大、颗粒较大的杂质，以及在进水很严重的情况下作粗净化，必须要有其它净化方法作为补充净化措施。 2.2 压力过滤法 该法也称机械过滤法。即传统的板框式压力过滤机，它利用油泵压力在滤纸两面形成压差，使废油通过滤纸时，将杂质与水分滤去。但效率低操作麻烦、滤纸用量大。成本高，击穿电压提高不明显。脱水能力完全取决于滤纸的干燥程度，使用前不烘烤，或不勤换滤纸。滤纸将会迅速与油中的含水达到平衡状态，即出现饱和现象，甚至将水分释放给油渣。 2.3 离心分离法 此法利用废油中的油、 水杂质的比重不同。在高速旋转所产生的离心力作用下，使油水杂质分开达到净化目的。该法对要求不高、含水很重的废透平油、液压油、机械油可作预处理，效率较高。但它不能除去溶解的水分，并且净化程度不如压力式过滤机。离心分离机只能作为一种粗滤装置。 2.4 真空分离法 它利用油与水存在较大沸点差，使油在高真空和一定温度下产生雾化或形成油膜，使水分汽化，脱除油中水分、气体、并滤去杂质。真空净油机的性能、效率，因结构很多，各不相同。新一代体积、能耗均很小的高效型设备正在逐渐取代传统真空净油机。 2.5 凝聚净化法 该法采用特殊过滤塔，以组合细小的，分散的水滴成大水滴，大水滴被阻留在塔内。经过逐渐汇集，最后落到分离室底部。这种方法主要用于含水较重的油液。并且一般不作为单独的净化手段使用。 2.6 静电分离法 它利用废油流经高压 (10 40kV )直流电场时，油中的极性分子，如水、酸性组分、油泥、大小离子等极性物质将会带电、分极和激励，从而利用电化学的静电引力，使它们吸附和聚集，把杂质去掉，而纯净的油液不易吸附，在油压作用下可强行通过电场，从而起到净化目的但该法目前应用还很少，效率偏低，故障率较高，维修困难。 2.7 再 生净化法 再生净化法又分吸附剂法和化学再生法，吸附剂法包括接触法和渗滤法。传统的吸附剂法利用活性白土，硅胶等具有较大活性表面的吸附材料，对废油中的酸性成份、树脂、沥青质，不饱和烃和水等有较强吸附能力的特点，使吸附剂与废油充分接触，除去有害物质。 接触法须将吸附剂与油进行搅拌，只适于从设备内换出油液的再生处理。 渗滤法是强迫油液通过装有颗粒状吸附剂 (如硅胶、颗粒白土、氧化铝等 )使用中不需要搅拌，也可对电力设备进行带电处理。 化学再生法中，先用硫酸与废油中的氧化产物作用生成酸渣，再用白土接触搅拌处理，或先用碱液 (常用氢氧化钠溶液 )中和酸性油中的酸性成份。生成的盐类可溶于该碱液中形成碱渣。随碱液一道排出，残存的少许盐类可用水洗涤去或用白土接触处理。 再生处理适合于劣化较严重的油液，但对含水和含杂质较多的油，还应先进行脱水，除去杂质后才能再生，再生完毕后，还应用压力式油机进行严格的过滤，以防吸附剂微粒被带入电力设备。另外，由于再生的同时会将油中有用成分除掉，所以再生完毕应重新加入 T501 抗氧化剂。 对于劣化比较严重的油，只能采用化学再生方法，但化学再生设备庞大，工艺复杂，劳动强度大，工效低，周期长，能耗高。 3.真空 净油机的技术特征 真