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关键词：: 液压支架底座推移千斤顶设计 cad图纸

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液压支架底座推移千斤顶设计

44页 14000字数+说明书+外文翻译+开题报告+16张CAD图纸【详情如下】

A0液压支架装配图.dwg

A1底座.dwg

A2千斤顶装配图.dwg

A3活塞杆.dwg

A3筒.dwg

A3缸体.dwg

A3缸底.dwg

A3缸筒.dwg

A4内导向环.dwg

A4半环.dwg

A4卡键.dwg

A4压盘.dwg

A4导向套.dwg

A4挡套.dwg

A4接头.dwg

A4活塞.dwg

中期检查表.doc

外文翻译--液压支架的发展与前瞻.doc

液压支架底座推移千斤顶设计开题报告.doc

液压支架底座推移千斤顶设计论文.doc

摘要

本课题主要论述了液压支架的主要设计过程。其中包括：液压支架的选型、总体设计、主要零部件的设计以及液压系统设计

　　　支架的形式为掩护式支架。支架除了要有效的对顶板进行支撑外，还要实现升、降、推、移几个步骤。支架采用四连杆机构，改善支架的受力状况，缩小支架的升降过程中顶梁前端前后移动的距离。立柱采用单伸缩液压缸，前端带有加长杆，以满足支架最低及最高位置时的高度要求。顶梁掩护梁、底座都做成箱体结构用钢板焊接而成。

　　　在研制液压支架时，需要对支架进行生产试验和分析研究，确定合理的液压支架受力参数、运动参数和结构参数，以及选定液压支架最佳方案等方面综合性的科学技术问题。

关键词：液压支架；顶梁；底座；立柱；结构设计

ABSTRACT

　　　The article mainly elaborate the hydraulic support design for top-caving. including: the selection of hydraulic pressure support form, system design, main spar part design and examination of hydraulic system design.

　　　The support eliminates must realize effectively carries on the strut to the roof, but also must realize ,to fall, to push, move four steps .the support uses four link motion gears, improves the support the stress condition, reduces the support to rise and full the distance which in the process fort end the top-beam around moves. The column uses the list expansion and contraction hydraulic cylinder, front end has legthen the pole, satisfies the support to be lowest and time the highest position high request. The top-beam, shields Liang, the foundation all makes the packed in a box body structure, becomes with the steel plate welding.

At research to presses the support, need to carry on produce to experiment and analyze the research, make sure reasonable of liquid presses the support to be subjected to the dint parameter, the sport parameter and the structure parameters, and make selection the liquid to press the synthetic science technique problem of aspect of etc. of the best project of support.

Keyword: Hydraulic pressure support；Top beam；Cradle；the column-type support；structure design

摘要I

ABSTRACTII

目录1

1绪论1

1.1前言1

1.2本课题的研究目的和意义2

2液压支架基本理论分析4

2.1 液压支架的工作原理4

2.1.1 支架推移4

2.1.2支架升降5

2.1.3 支架承载过程5

2.2 液压支架的类型和结构7

2.2.1 掩护式支架7

2.2.2 支撑式支架8

2.2.3 支撑掩护式支架8

2.2.4 特种液压支架9

2.3 对液压支架的基本要求9

2.4 支架的选型设计10

2.4.1设计的原始条件10

2.4.2支架的支护性能与外载荷10

2.4.3 影响架型选择的因素11

2.4.4 支架架型的确定12

3 液压支架的整体结构设计14

3.1 支架高度、中心距的确定14

3.1.1支架高度14

3.1.2支架伸缩比14

3.1.3支架间距14

3.2底座长度的确定15

3.2.1底座长度15

3.2.2 底座宽度15

4支架主要部件的设计16

4.1支架主要部件的设计要求16

4.2底座的设计17

4.2.1液压支架的底座17

4.2.2 底座接触比压17

4.3千斤顶技术参数的确定18

4.3.1推移千斤顶18

5 支架受力分析与计算20

5.1支架工作状态20

5.1.1 顶板状态20

5.1.2支架工作状态20

5.1.3支架受力21

5.2受力计算21

6 液压系统设计25

6.1液压支架的液压系统特点25

6.2 液压系统的设计方法26

6.3 千斤顶系统26

6.3.1. 推移千斤顶系统27

6.4乳化液泵站系统28

6.4.1乳化液泵站28

6.4.2泵站液压系统29

6.4.3乳化液泵站的元部件32

7技术经济分析35

8结论36

致谢37

参考文献38

　　　我毕业设计的课题是液压支架底座及千斤顶的设计。液压支架是一种复杂的煤矿机械。它与滚筒采煤机、刮板输送机、装(转)载机和乳化液泵站等配套使用,实现采煤综合机械化。在回采工程中,为了防止顶板早落,维持一个不定期的工作空间,保证工人安全和各种作业的正常工作,必须对顶板进行支护。而液压支架能够可靠有效地支撑和控制。这次设计主要是对其底座重点设计，包括一些常规性的强度刚度及稳定性的设计，从而达到初步具备设计液压支架重要部件的基本能力，为以后的设计或选用液压支架奠定一定的基础。

　　　回顾四年以来的学习生活，毕业在即，我希望通过自己的努力设计出一份合格的作品，为自己四年的大学学习画上一个完满的句号。

1.2本课题的研究目的和意义

　　　采用综合机械化采煤方法是大幅度增加煤炭产量、提高经济效益的必由之路。为了满足对煤炭增长的日益需要，必须大量生产综合机械化采煤设备，迅速增加综合机械化采煤工作面。由于采煤工作面的底顶板条件、煤层厚度、煤层的物理机械性质等的不同，对液压支架的要求也不同。为了有效的支护和控制顶板，必须设计出不同类型和不同结构尺寸的液压支架。因此液压支架的设计工作是很重要的。由于液压支架的类型很多，因此其设计工作量也是很大的，由此可见，研制和开发新型液压支架是必不可少的一个环节。

　　　通过对液压支架的理论学习，完成液压支架的设计工作，加深对液压支架工作原理、工作性能、工作环境及其结构的认识和了解。通过对液压支架结构的分析，加深和巩固机械原理的相关内容；通过对液压支架受力的分析和强度的校核，加深对专业基础课理论力学和材料力学及专业课机械设计相关内容的巩固和理解。同样通过对液压支架的设计，能够更好的认识国内外液压支架的发展趋势和发现目前煤矿液压支架主要存在的问题，从而为以后更深认的了解和设计液压支架打下良好的基础。

　　　通过自己独立地完成指定的课程设计任务，提高理论联系实际、分析问题和解决问题的能力，学会查阅参考书和工具书的方法，提高编写技术文件的能力，进一步加强设计计算和制图等基本技能的训练，为毕业后成为一名出色的机械工程师打好基础。

　　　现代社会对人才提出了更高的要求，作为一名当代大学毕业生，不仅打好坚实的专业知识，还应具备工程技术人才应有的综合素质。为了适应这一发展趋势，我们应立足变传统的、僵化的、单纯的毕业设计为培养主动学习、提高创新能力、树立团结协作精神、强化计算机运用等多维兼容性毕业设计;同时通过完成毕业设计，锻炼学生解决实际工程问题的能力；在整个毕业设计的过程中，以我们的主动学习为主，教师适时指导为辅；将素质教育也毕业设计教学相融合，从根本上提高毕业设计的质量和水平。2液压支架基本理论分析

2.1 液压支架的工作原理

液压支架在工作过程中，不仅要可靠的支撑顶板，维护一定的安全工作空间，而且要随工作面的推进，进行移架和推移输送机。因此，支架要实现升、降、推、移四个基本动作，这些动作是利用泵站供给的高压液体，通过工作面性质不同的几个液压缸来完成的，如图2.1所示　　　支架的前移和推移输送机是通过操纵阀和推移千斤顶3来进行的。移架时，先使支架卸载下降，再把操纵阀置于移架位置，从乳化液泵站来的高压液体进入推移千斤顶的前腔即活塞杆腔，后腔即活塞腔回液。这时，支架以输送机为支点前移。移架结束后，再把支架升起，使支架撑紧顶板。若将操纵阀置于推溜位置，高压液体进入推移千斤顶后腔即活塞腔，前腔即活塞杆腔回液，这时输送机以支架为支点被推向煤壁。

　　　2.1.2 支架升降

　　　当操作阀处于升柱位置时，从乳化液泵站来得高压液体通过操纵阀液控单向阀5进入立柱2的下腔，立柱上腔回液，支架升起，并撑紧顶板。当操纵阀处于降柱位置时，工作液体进入立柱的上腔，同时打开液控单向阀，立柱下腔回液，支架下降。

　　　2.1.3 支架承载过程

支架的承载过程是指支架与顶板之间相互力学作用的过程，它包括初撑、承载增阻和恒阻三个阶段。

　　(1) 初撑阶段

　　　在升架过程中，当支架的顶梁接触顶板，直到立柱下腔的液体压力逐渐上升到泵站工作压力时，停止供液，液控单向阀6立即关闭，这一过程为支架的初撑阶段。此时支架对顶板的支撑力为初撑力。

　　(2) 承载增阻阶段

　　　支架初撑结束后，随着顶板的下沉，立柱下腔的液体压力逐渐升高，支架对顶板的支撑力也随之增大，呈现增阻状态，这一过程为支架的承载增阻阶段。

　　(3) 恒阻阶段

　　　随着顶板压力的进一步增加，立柱下腔的液体压力越来越高，当升高到安全阀5的调定压力时，安全阀打开溢流，立柱下缩，液体压力随之降低。当降到安全阀的调定压力时，安全阀关闭。随着顶板的继续下沉，安全阀重复这一过程。由于安全阀的作用，支架的支撑力维持在某一恒定数值上，这是支架的恒阻阶段。此时，支架对顶板的支撑力成为工作阻力，它是由支架安全阀的调定压力决定的。对于掩护式和支撑掩护式支架，其初撑力和工作阻力的计算还要考虑到立柱倾角的影响因素。　

　　图2-2 支架的工作特性曲线

　　　由上可知，支架工作时，其支撑力与时间的关系，可用支架工作特性曲线表示，如图所示，曲线上的、、分别表示支架的初撑、增阻、和恒阻阶段的时间。

　　　上述工作过程表明：支架在达到额定工作阻力以前具有增阻性，以保证支架对顶板有效的支撑作用；当支架达到额定工作阻力以后，支架能随顶板的下沉而下缩，即具有可缩性和恒阻性，支架的工作特性决定于立柱、液控单向阀、安全阀和操纵阀的性能和密封的好坏。所以这些元件是支架的关键液压元件。

通常液控单向阀和安全阀组合在一起，称为控制阀。支架的工作阻力是支架的一个重要参数，它表示支架支撑力的大小。但是，由于支架的顶梁长短和间距大小不同，所以并不能完全反映支架对顶板的支撑能力。因此，通常单位支护面积顶板上所受支架工作阻力值的大小，即支2.2 液压支架的类型和结构

　　　液压支架按其对顶板的支护方式和结构特点的不同，分为支撑式、掩护式和支撑掩护式三种基本架型。

　　　2.2.1 掩护式支架

　　　掩护式支架的结构特点是：有一个较宽的掩护梁以挡住采空区的矸石进入作业空间，其掩护梁的上端与顶梁铰接，下端通过前后连杆与底座连接。底座、前后连杆和掩护梁形成四连杆机构，以保持稳定的梁端距和承受水平推力。立柱的支撑力间接作用于顶梁或直接作用于顶梁上。掩护式支架的立柱较少，除少数掩护式支架1根立柱外，一般都是一排2根立柱。这种支架的立柱都为倾斜布置，以增加支架的调高范围，支架的两侧有活动侧护板，可以把架间密封。通常顶梁较短，一般为3.0mm左右。

　　　掩护式支架的支护性能是：支撑力较小，切顶性能差，但由于顶梁短，支撑力集中在靠近煤壁的顶板上，所以支护强度较大、且均匀，掩护性好，能承受较大的水平推力，对顶板反复支撑的次数少，能带压移架。但由于顶梁短，立柱倾斜布置，故作业空间和通风断面小。

　　　由上可知，掩护式支架适用于顶板不稳定和中等稳定、老顶周期来压不明显、瓦斯含量少的破碎顶板条件。

　　　2.2.2 支撑式支架

　　　支撑式支架是出现最早的一种架型，按其结构和动作方式的不同，支撑式支架又分为垛式支架和节式支架两种结构型式。垛式支架每架为一整体，与输送机联接并互为支点整体前移。节式支架由2—3个框节组成，移架时，各节之间互为支点交替前移，输送机用与支架相连的推移千斤顶推移。节式支架由于稳定性差，现已基本淘汰。

　　　支撑式支架的结构特点是：顶梁较长，其长度多在4左右；而且立柱多，一般4—6根，且垂直支撑；支架后部设复位装置和挡矸装置。以平衡水平推力和防止矸石窜入支架的工作空间内。支撑式支架的支护性能是：支撑力大，且作用点在支架后部，故切顶性能好；对顶板重复支撑的次数多，容易把本来完整的顶板压碎；抗水平载荷的能力差，稳定性差；护矸能力差，矸石易窜入工作空间；支架的工作空间和通风断面大。

　　　由上可知，支撑式支架适用于直接顶稳定、老顶有明显或强烈周期来压，且水平力小的条件。

　　　2.2.3 支撑掩护式支架

　　　支撑掩护式支架是在吸收了支撑式和掩护式两种支架优点的基础上发展起来的一种支架。因此，它兼有支撑式和掩护式支架的结构特点和性能，可适用于各种顶底板条件。

　　　支撑掩护式支架的顶梁由前梁与主梁构成，四根立柱支撑在顶梁和立柱之间，掩护梁的上端与顶梁铰接，下端用连杆与底座相连。这种支架的优点是：支撑力大，切顶性能强，防护性能好，通风断面大，稳定性好，应用范围广。它的主要缺点是：结构复杂，成本较高。

　　　支撑掩护式支架的立柱均为两排，立柱可前倾和后倾。也可倒八字形布置和交叉布置。通常，两排立柱都直接支撑在顶梁上，个别情况下，也有后排立柱支撑在掩护梁上而前排立柱支撑在顶梁上。

　　　2.2.4 特种液压支架

　　　特种液压支架是为满足某些特殊要求而发展起来的液压支架，在结构型式仍属于上述某种基本架型。

2.3 对液压支架的基本要求

为了满足采煤工艺及地质条件的要求，液压支架要有足够的初撑力和工作阻力，以便有效地控制顶板，保证合理的下沉量。

液压支架要有足够的推溜力和移架力。推溜力一般为100左右；移架力按煤层厚度而定，薄煤层一般为100kN—150kN，中厚煤层一般为150kN—250kN，厚煤层一般为250kN—400kN。

防矸性能要好。

排矸性能要好。

要求液压支架能保证采煤工作面有足够的通风断面，从而保证人员呼吸、稀释有毒气体等安全方面的要求。

为了操作和生产的需要，要有足够宽的人行道。

调高范围要大，照明和通讯方便。

支架的稳定性要好，底座最大比压要小于规定植。

要求支架有足够的刚度，能够承受一定的不均匀载荷和冲击载荷。

在满足强度条件下，尽可能减轻支架重量。

要易于拆卸，结构要简单。　　　2.4.1设计的原始条件

　　　顶设条件老顶II级、直接顶1类，底板接触比压0.9 MPa，工作阻力1600KN，推溜力100KN，移架力200KN，泵站压力32MP。液压支架型号ZFS1600/16/24。工作面配套设备：采煤机，刮板输送机SGZ(W)－764/400。煤层倾斜角小于15度。

　　　2.4.2支架的支护性能与外载荷

　　　由液压支架的工作状态知，支架承受的外载荷是顶板下沉形成的。在顶板下沉过程中，支架的顶梁与顶板有相对滑动的现象，支架不仅受有垂直于顶梁的力，还受有平行于顶梁的摩擦力。垂直于顶梁的力由支架的工作阻力来平衡。在支架承载过程中，支架底座承受工作面底板反作用力。

　　　为了设计计算方便，要对支架的外载荷和支架本身进行简化，概述如下：

把支架简化成一个平面杆系结构。为偏于安全，在计算时把外载荷　　　本设计的液压支架经过多方面学习调查，综合国内外先进综采技术，根据市场需求，经济可靠的原则，在多个方案中进行选择，最后确定的方案。

　　　该方案综合国家标准和机械设计标准所提出的一些问题，本着结构简单、费用低、可靠性高等原则设计的。特别是支架四连杆的设计，充分运用了计算机，数据准确可靠。

　　本次设计充分考虑人机关系、布局合理、操作方便，在工作中，利于观察，利于对应急情况的处理，液压系统结构简单，各液压元件位置关系明确，操作方便。

　　由于液压支架是在地下工作的，安全是极其重要的，本设计本着这个原则进行了相关的强度校核，保证其在井下的安全可靠。另外，本设计的支架维修方便，零件共用率高；移架方便，降低了经济成本和工人的劳动强度，为企业带来了经济效益。　　　综采面中厚煤层液压支架设计即将结束。几个月来，从开始接到论文题目到参数计算、作图，再到论文的完成，每走一步对我来说都是新的尝试与挑战，这也是我在大学期间独立完成的最大的项目。在这段时间里，通过对液压支架的设计，综合运用了大学期间所学到的知识，也有很多收获。开始对液压支架等相关技术不是很了解，通过独立的学习，查看相关的资料、书籍和老师指导，让自己头脑中模糊的概念逐渐清晰，又通过实习进一步了解了液压支架，为顺利的设计奠定基础

　　　虽然我的论文不是很成熟，还有很多不足之处，但这里面的每一个图、每一个数，都有我辛勤汗水的结晶。使我感觉到了知识充实带来的快乐。

　　　这次做论文的经历也会使我终身受益，我感受到做研究是要真真正正用心去做的一件事情，是真正的自己学习的过程和研究的过程，没有学习就不可能有研究的能力，没有自己的研究，就不会有所突破。希望这次的经历能让我在以后学习和工作得到更大的进步。

参考文献

[1] 丁绍南.液压支架设计.北京：世界图书出版社，1992

[2] 邢福康，刘玉堂.煤矿支护手册.北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991

[3] 赵宏珠.综采面矿压与液压支架设计.徐州：中国矿业学院出版社，1987

[4] 杨振复，罗恩波.放顶煤开采技术与放顶煤液压支架.北京：煤炭工业出版社，1995

[5]《综采技术手册》编委会.综采技术手册.北京：煤炭工业出版社，2000

[6] 程居山.矿山机械.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2000

[7] 雷天觉.新编液压工程手册.北京：北京理工大学出版社，1998

[8] 成大先.机械设计手册.北京：化学工业出版社，2004

[9] 曾正明.机械工程材料手册.北京：机械工业出版社，2003

[10] 陶驰东.采掘机械.北京：煤炭工业出版社，1993

[11] 张家鉴，陈文享.液压支架. 北京：煤炭工业出版社，1985

[12] 甘永立.几何量公差与检测.上海：上海科学技术出版社，2001

[13] 徐灏.机械设计手册.北京：机械工业出版社，2003

[14] 单辉祖.材料力学.北京：高等教育出版社，1999

[15] 王国法.液压支架技术.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1999

[16] 王国彪，饶明杰.液压支架优化设计与计算机模拟分析.北京：煤炭工业出版社，1994

[17] 白杰平，伍锋，潘英.机械工程科技英语.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1997

[18] 张艳.Visual Basic 程序设计教程.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2001

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内容简介：: 河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师：罗静职称：副教授所在院（系）：机械与动力工程学院教研室（研究室）：机械设计教研室题目型液压支架底座、推移千斤顶设计学生姓名康飞跃专业班级07机设1班学号0720210052一、选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度）此次所选择的题目为液压支架底座设计的设计。在设计工作中，需要对所学知识综合地加以运用，并能够熟练应用相关参考资料、计算图表、手册等；熟悉有关的国家标准和部颁标准，体现了综合训练的要求。本次设计要求在对现有液压支架结构和工作原理充分了解的基础上，对液压支架底座进行设计，与专业课程紧密联系，符合专业培养目标。本次设计涉及到的零件多，工作量大，题目与生产、经济、社会等的结合紧密，选题质量较高。通过这次设计可以很好的检验自己对专业知识的掌握和运用程度，并提高自己的专业知识和设计设备、零件的水平，以及发现问题、解决问题的能力。二、开题报告完成情况：在确定选择本次设计题目之后，我开始查找现有液压支架底座的相关资料。当发现液压支架底座的资料极其有限的情况下，我参看了大量关于液压支架的相关资料，了解其结构和工作原理，查找设计的方法和技巧，以及设计过程中要注意的问题。同时，向指导老师请教相关问题，并和同学讨论相关问题。在对液压支架底座的设计过程有了比较全面的了解之后，我填写了开题报告，并列出了大概设计步骤。三、阶段性成果：参看大量设计液压支架的相关资料，对其底座的总体结构和工作原理比较清楚的了解。确定了液压支架的底座的总体布置方案和主要结构参数，特别是确定了支架的底座总体结构设计。并完成一些标准件的选型及和大多数零部件的设计计算工作。结构设计和校核工作正在进行中，也绘出了一些零件的初步结构图，也完成了对英文论文的初步翻译。现在主要对其底座结构进行设计和校核。四、存在主要问题：1、身边资料不够充分，大多资料较陈旧；2、设计经验不足，多次出现问题，设计进展缓慢；3、对很多资料的使用水平不足，有待提高查找和使用资料的能力；4、对液压支架的一些结构还没有搞清楚；5、对液压支架相关知识了解很少，查阅资料花费了大量时间，并仍需在设计过程中不断查找相关资料；6、发现问题、解决问题的能力有待提高。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师：（签名）年月日The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes Key word hydraulic pressure support; Control; Intellectualization1 hydraulic pressure supports developmentThe hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th century 50s, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working surface core equipment, in the world mainly produced the coal country to invest the massive manpower physical resource and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, support tends to take the hydraulic pressure support as the main body maturely, in the world has produced makes several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic pressure support, meets each kind of coal bed mining support need. On the century 60s, our country once has also developed 10 kind of hydraulic pressure supports, because all sorts of reasons have not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic pressure support is in the development, the experimental stage; The 70s successively from England, Germany, Poland, former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 10 sets of hydraulic pressure supports. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each kind of type the support, it is the beginning which the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support develops; The 80s hydraulic pressure support research and development is in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frames one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on the different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency; 90s special hydraulic pressure support development obtains the rapid development, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance fills the support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another; This century along with the computer technology, the automated technology popularization and the application, the hydraulic pressure support control obtains unprecedentedness to progress, gradually to the procedure control, the numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward.2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supports differenceThe domestically produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity.2.1 processings manufactures aspectAccording to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas always uses the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country is the 45# steel adds surface heat processing; In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to appear the spot in the use process, scratches and so on the seal leaks the fluid phenomenon, affects support the effect. The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support and the overseas production hydraulic pressure support compares the average to reduce 2 3 a service life.2.2 control systems aspectThe domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important method, the 20th century 60s use manually straight control the operating system; The 70s use the forerunner control system, along with it England first proposed the development electrohydraulic control system, the eightys tends to maturely; The 90s ladders company develops the entire working surface electrohydraulic control system, follows closely after that Wister to cut down the advantage Asia - shell Switzerland special company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 electrohydraulic control system. Presently country and so on US, Germany, England, Australia basically all is the programmable electrohydraulic control, but our country still used the hand control system.2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspectThe hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much controls the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve, initially supports the strength maintenance valve and the column quickly returns at once the fluid valve. To the hydraulic pressure part structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property well, the sensitivity high, enters the row of fluid ability to be big, the anti- impact load strong each kind of hydraulic pressure part, adapts the hydraulic pressure support operating performance request. But our country kind of hydraulic pressure part research and development lags regarding this, at present still continued to use the century for 80s the product, has not formed the hydraulic pressure part universalization, the seriation, the standardization3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for development forecastIn view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the new material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect.3.1 designs ideas renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolutionMust consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working condition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of material, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the color matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment system the harmonious unification. The unwieldy hydraulic pressure support image safe, reliable, is been easy to service, lowly to consume energy, the high efficiency, the modelling artistic substitutes. This kind of green design, it not only Filters the environment and the resources both must meet the economical development needs, and must meet the human survival development needs, is the humanity sustainable developmental strategy in support design manifesting. For example: The hydraulic pressure support uses the multi- goals fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength in a big way, moves a speed quickly, weight light, the timber wood are few and so on, each goal determined a function, namely many designs objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan.3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machineryThe pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascals law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nation concentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for development.3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualizationThe advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support, including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem. Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency.4 concluding remarkIn summary, the hydraulic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (overall top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation, standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization machine electrohydraulic integration digital gathering, operating mode monitor, breakdown diagnosis and automatic control.Hydraulic pressure support battery solution control engineering research and applicationKey word:Hydraulic pressure support;Battery solution control system;Design applicationA coal mining technology significant innovation. At present,The battery solution control technology in synthesis and so on US, Germany picked the technical leading country to obtain the widespread application,But our country then only then gradually the necessary use battery solution controls the technology in recent years on some hydraulic pressure supports1 battery solution control technology basic principle and main composition1.1 Battery solution control technology basic principle（1） Bidirectional neighbour control system. The synthesis picks working surface each support has the frame to control the box,The operator controls the box choice neighbour control mode through the support frame,Then sends out the corresponding control command according to the instruction (to produce electrical signal),Causes electro-magnet or micro electrical machinery movement which on neighbour corresponds,Let the electrical signal transform as the hydraulic pressure signal,Controls the host to control the valve to open,Supplies the fluid to the support hydraulic cylinder,Realization neighbour support corresponding movement. The support working mode active status feeds back the frame by the position transmitter and the pressure transmitter to control the box,The frame controls the box to decide the support again according to the sensor feedback signal the next movement.（2）Bidirectional becomes the group control system. Arranges the working surface support is certain groups,In on this group of in first frames presses the frame by the operator to control the box the start key,Sends out an instruction,Neighbour presses the pre-set sequence movement,After moves the frame to complete automatically sends out the control signal to control the box for next,Next starts the movement. Infer from this,In realization group support automatic control.（3）Entire working surface automatic control system. The function consummates battery solution.The control system is equipped with the main control console, the infrared installment,Can realize the support and the coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automation control. Its principle is:On each support frame controls the box with the main control console networking,When the support infrared receiving device receives the position which the coal mining machine infrared launcher sends out to believe.After number,The feedback gives the main control console,The main control console sends out the instruction according to the feedback signal,Causes the corresponding support movement.1.2 Main constituent（1）Battery solution controller (SCU).The battery solution controller is a control system department.Series heart,It by microprocessor, the intelligence transmission unit, operates the keyboard and the data receiving device and so on is composed. The battery solution controller has two aspects the functions:On the one hand is defers to the operational order and the pre-set sequence completes the solenoid valve group to open shuts,Then control support column, hoisting jack movement;On the other hand it receives the condition data which on the support obtains (including pressure, displacement and so on) and performs to analyze the judgment,Then controls the support the movement,And demonstrates the support state variable and the support breakdown.（2）Battery solution control valve group (FZ). The control valve group is one kind of multipurpose control hydraulic pressure solenoid valve,May replace the fluid cycle selector valve,This kind of valve assembly has causes the support movement the valve group and the surveillance support working condition pressure switch,Opens or the closed valve passage according to the controller instruction.（3）Central control bench (MCU).Whether the system does use MCU,Must the working surface automated horizontal height which determined according to the user decide. Only installs the battery solution controller,Even does not need to install the ground master control room (MCU1) and the mine shaft control room (MCU2),Also may realize the entire automation. The lowest level control system is a bidirectional neighbour unicontrol,What at present is commonly used is as soon as controls four the system,Then expands to the automatic arrangement, becomes the group to control, to become the group to pass and the combination function and so on,These all do not need the central control bench.（4）Periphery accessory. The battery solution control system has can survey Condition, And transforms the hydraulic pressure parameter into the electronic signal original part pressure transmitter,The reflection passes the hoisting jack travelling schedule position contact sensor as well as uses for automatically to start the coal mining machine long-distance control hydraulic pressure support battery solution controller the infrared receiver and so on. All sensors all have respective output signal,Thus may discover the position which the line severs,And is distinguished by each support battery solution controller. If the system matches in the mine shaft working surface or the ground control roomHas the central control bench,Has the breakdown cable line or the sensor can demonstrate on the key station screen,Like this very easy definite breakdown position battery solution control flow like chart 1 shows2 、battery solutions control the support the meritBelow this support and the hand control system compare has the merit（1） The support travelling speed is quick. At present the domestic hydraulic pressure support is common.Uses the hand control,It passes the speed besides to receive the system current capacity and the hydraulic pressure part has flowed the ability the limit,The worker also has the direct influence in the bay travelling speed to it,This kind of influence appears the outstandingly in the thin coal bed. The battery solution control support work process may automatically circulate carries on,Sped up moved a speed form eight to ten mintenuse,This speed can follow form13113 to 1315m/Min coal mining machine speed,Shan Taibeng current capacity 400 L/Min,Needs 2 to pump the simultaneous working. Satisfied the high efficiency coal mining machine fast to cut.（2）Improved the roof to support and protect the condition. Because uses to press every time Niu operates,May enable the support to follow close on after the coal mining machine carries on supports and protects,Moreover,Must act the support requests its two sides the support fastening to support and protect the roof,This characteristic and the correct strut unify,The guarantee forms a firm protecting band along the working surface.（3）Guaranteed the hydraulic pressure support fixed initially supports the strength. Battery solution control system.The passable excess pressure sensor feedback signal or lengthens the control electromagnetism the pilot valve on time realization at the beginning of support to support the strength self-preservation first. Guaranteed fixed initially supports the strength,Reduced the column to increase anti- needs the time,Enhanced has supported and protected the efficiency,Also the entire working surface at the beginning of support supports the strength evenly to be consistent,Improved the roof control（4）May have the pressure to move the frame.Uses the battery solution control system,Is moving the frame.In process,Easy to realize the belt pressure to move the frame,Reduced the working surface roof to have the frequent impact load to the hydraulic pressure support,Protection roof adjacent formation stability,Lengthens the hydraulic pressure support the service life.（5）Improved the working surface straight line. With manual operation compared to,The overwhelming majority battery solution control support all is pusher type,This meant the conveyer pulls the phenomenon to be few,Causes all supports by the biggest displacement quantity to abut in a working surface conveyer armored cable side,Maintains a straight working surface. Moves a step of distance to be accurate,Cuts the crest line to be neat,Improved has supported and protected the effect,And causes the scraper conveyer and the entire working surface straight line. The nature is good,The coal mining machine truncation depth is accurate. Improved the scraper conveyer and the coal mining machine operating mode. Moreover at the same time the multi- frames pushes slides,Slowly causes the scraper conveyer to be curving,Avoids the chute attachment point having the oversized stress.（6）Improved the support operators working condition. Battery solution control technical application,Has realized the hydraulic pressure support remote control operation,But indirect maintenance,The worker work condition and the labor intensity have the enormous improvement,Because uses the computer automatic control,Reduced workers misoperation.（7）The operation flexibility is big. Supports and protects the system the support operation sequence is very easy to change,May act according to the different mining condition,Is suitable specially for the thin coal bed and inclines anxiously the coal bed,Also may use in the drum coal mining machine working surface,Also may use in the coal plow working surface;Also may use in promptly supporting and protecting (moves first frame boosts slides) supports and protects the way,Also after may use in lags supports and protects (pushes first slides moves) supporting and protecting the way.（8）The system can realize the long-distance procedure control. The operator may the root.According to coal mining machine coal cutting choice of direction best position,Has avoided operators casualty,At the same time also reduced the dust to the body the harm.（9）The battery solution control system may and the coal mining machine and the scraper conveyer.Automatic control system coordination linkage,Realizes the entire automated synthesis to pick the working surface. The support and the coal mining machine running status and the data may transmit to the tunnel in the main control console and the ground central control center,Is advantageous for the realization entire mine pit automated management.3、 domestic and foreign development surveysAt present US, Germany and so on walk in this technology in the world front row,Its hydraulic pressure support battery solution control technology disposition has the breakdown to diagnose the early-warning installation,May realize the hydraulic pressure support and the coal mining machine, the scraper machine linkage and the long-distance control. Our country develops the hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system start to be late,Has developed successfully the first entire working surface hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system since 1995,Also has the many kinds of models the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support to be published. But our country produces battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also not in mine shaft promotion use,Many high production highly effective working surfaces use the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also to have from the overseas import. The support battery solution control system develops which from our country looked,Still was in Shan Jia and becomes the group procedure to control.System initial stage. In the system does not have the main control console,Support and coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automatic control system also in development stage. Zhengzhou coal mine mechanical group limited liability company in the last few years through and German DBT Corporation, emperor fragrance Bach company and so on cooperation,The overseas advanced battery solution valve the hydraulic pressure support which will produce with this company necessary,Takes the lead to put into the use in the Jincheng coal industry group,Has met the design requirements completely,Has coal industry group 6 syntheses successively and so on the Jincheng, god China picks working surface nearly 800. The battery solution control hydraulic pressure support already or was going to put into the use. ZY4400 /9 /21 thin coal bed coal plow working surface battery solution control hydraulic pressure support and the ZY8640 /2,515 /55 manufacture domestically picks the high shield type hydraulic pressure support through to have the product appraisal in pairs greatly which four Chinese Academy of Science academicians participates (appraisal),The appraisal thought these 2 kind of supports overall performance achieves the world advanced level. Moreover,Corporate design manufacture Chinese god China localization battery solution control hydraulic pressure.Support ZY7600 /22 /45/The world is highest 612 meter two columns shields type battery solution control hydraulic pressure support ZY9400 /28 /62 has all represented the domestically produced support maximum level,Achieved or approaches the world advanced level.Above two articles originate from Elsevier the ScienceDirect periodical液压支架的发展与前瞻关键词液压支架; 控制; 智能化1液压支架发展概述液压支架是以高压液体为动力,由若干个液压元件(油缸、阀件)与一些金属构件组合而成的一种支撑和控制顶板的采煤工作面设备。具有强度高、移动速度快、支护性能好、安全可靠等特性。自20世纪50年代以来,液压支架已逐步成为采煤工作面核心设备,世界上主要产煤国家投入了大量的人力物力和财力对其进行研究开发。目前,以液压支架为主体的支护趋于成熟,世界上已生产制造出数百种架型和上万种型号的液压支架,以适应各类煤层开采支护需要。上世纪60年代,我国也曾开发了10余种液压支架,由于种种原因未得到推广应用,液压支架处于研制、实验阶段;70年代先后从英国、德国、波兰、前苏联等主要产煤国家引进数10余套液压支架。经不断的探索、使用、消化和总结,制造出各种类型的支架,它是国产液压支架发展的起点; 80年代液压支架研发处于创新提高阶段,相继开发出30余种新架型,制造出ZZ系列、XY系列、ZD系列等不同规格,并广泛用于国有大中型煤矿,取得良好的经济效益; 90年代特种液压支架的研制获得迅速发展,机械化铺网支架、水砂充填支架、端头支架、强力支架、放顶煤支架等相继问世;本世纪随着计算机技术、自动化技术的普及与应用,液压支架的控制获得突破性进展,逐步向程序控制、数字控制、遥控和自动化控制迈进。2国内外液压支架差异国产支架在制造技术、材质性能、加工工艺、控制系统及密封性能上与国外先进国家相比有很大差距。2.1 加工制造方面据有关综采工程技术人员反映,国产液压支架的工艺技术、服务年限、使用性能、所用材质到目前为止尚未达到。1979年引进100套支架的技术水平。如结构材料:德国采用ST52材料其屈服极限为500 MPa,而我国使用16 Mn材料屈服极限仅为350 MPa;阀类:国外一直使用铜合金阀壳和高强度不锈钢阀芯,我国则是45#钢加表面热处理;在加工工艺上:国外油缸内壁是复镀,国产则为不镀,导致立柱在使用过程中过早出现斑点,划伤等密封漏液现象,影响支护效果。国产液压支架与国外生产的液压支架相比平均缩短23 a服务年限。2.2控制系统方面国产液压支架控制系统的研发处于落后状态,严重制约了支架的移设速度的提高和综采经济效益的发挥。世界上几个主要产煤大国始终把支架控制系统作为提高综采经济效益的重要手段, 20世纪60年代采用手动直控操作系统;70年代采用先导控制系统,随之英国首先提出研制电液控制系统, 80年代趋于成熟; 90年代道梯公司研制出全工作面电液控制系统,紧随其后威斯特伐利亚- 贝瑞特公司研制出更为先进的P- M3、P-M4电液控制系统。现美国、德国、英国、澳大利亚等国家基本上全是可编程电液控制,而我国仍多采用手动控制系统。2.3液压元件方面液压元件的研发速度远远滞后于液压支架发展的需要。液压支架的可靠性主要依赖于液压元件的可靠性,液压支架在煤矿生产中应用是否成功,关键在于液压元件的技术性能是否达到要求。国外目前多采用大流量安全阀、液控单向阀、截止阀、初撑力保持阀及立柱快速回液阀。对液压元件的结构形式、几何尺寸、材料选择、热处理方法和表面处理等各方面进行了深入的研究与开发。研制出一批密封性能好、灵敏度高、进排液能力大、抗冲击载荷强的各类液压元件,以适应液压支架工作性能的要求。而我国对此类液压元件研发较为滞后,目前仍沿用上个世纪80年代的产品,没有形成液压元件通用化、系列化、标准化。3液压支架发展前景展望鉴于科学技术的高速发展,新技术、新工艺、新方法、新材料的不断应用及计算机技术的空前扩展,液压支架的未来发展具有十分诱人的前景。3.1 设计理念的更新,液压支架发展的一场革命在液压支架设计中必须考虑环境的属性。由于液压支架的工作条件恶劣,人、机环境的相互关系问题显得更加重要。绿色设计是将材料选择、产品结构、工艺方法、外观造型和色彩搭配按照一定规律,采取艺术的方法加以巧妙融合,充分体现人机环境系统的和谐统一。笨重的液压支架形象将被安全、可靠、易维修、低耗能、高效率、造型美观所取代。这种绿色设计,它不仅可虑环境和资源既要满足经济发展需要,又要满足人类生存发展需要,是人类可持续发展战略在支架设计中的体现。如:液压支架在设计过程中采用多目标模糊化设计,要求支撑力大,移架速度快,重量轻,用材少等,每个目标确定一个函数,即得多个设计目标函数,然后组合优化,确定最佳方案。3.2采取纯水液压技术,液压支架将成为绿色机械纯水液压技术是液压领域的发展前沿。它不仅有良好的抗燃性、散热性、而且价格也便宜,无污染,长久以来液压支架在地表层下工作,由于使用工作介质是乳化液,并有许多添加剂(乳化剂、防锈剂、防霉剂、偶合剂等) ,对地表以下微环境污染十分严重,所以,液压支架使用纯水液压技术,对降低煤矿的生产成本,保护环境是有益的,并可大大改善矿井的工作和安全条件。随着社会不断进步,人们对依赖生存的环境有了更高的要求,希望有一个安全、环保、高度文明的绿色环境。时代的要求呼唤着水压传动(起源于1605年发现帕斯卡定律)这一古老又崭新的技术复出,并受到世界的关注。目前,西方国家集中力量研究该项技术,并取得突破性进展。如:润滑磨损问题,合理选用摩擦副材料,有工程塑料、结构陶瓷、高分子材料、防锈防腐镀层等。结构陶瓷具有耐磨性,抗气蚀性能好,良好的化学稳定性,较低的磨擦系数等特征,备受青睐。在液压元件中用结构陶瓷代替部分金属材料,大大的改善了其性能。总之,新材料的成功研制与应用,精密加工技术的不断进步,以及各种新结构液压元件的制成,都将成为液压支架采用纯水液压技术进入严格的无污染领域,提供十分诱人的应用发展前景。3.3高科技的应用,液压支架趋于智能化先进的科学技术应用是将各种技术相互渗透,相互结合的基础上相互辅助,相互促进和提高,充分利用各种相关技术的优势,扬长避短,使组合后的整体功能大于组成整体的各个部分功能之和的综合性交叉学科。多种技术向“机械母体- 液压支架”不断渗透,包括机、电、液、光、磁等技术的伺服系统。具体说,是以液压支架输出的力、速度为目的,构成了从输出到输入的闭环系统,是涉及传感技术、计算机控制技术、信号处理技术、机械传动技术、液压传动技术等。由于快速运算速度,强大的记忆功能和灵敏的逻辑判断功能,从而实现了人机对话,使之操作维护方便,整机功能强。液压支架应用功能不断扩大,对矿井煤层地质条件适应性不断增强,生产效益对设备的依赖性程度愈来愈

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