分词作状语.ppt

动词的非谓语形式之分词,动词的谓语形式既有单复数，又有时态、语态上的变化。Heisastudent.(可单独作谓语)Thiswillbefinishedtomorrow.Marywentshoppingyesterday.非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。无单复数，但有时态和语态变化。不能单独作谓语。其三种形式为:todo:不定式-可作主、表、宾、宾补、主补、定、状doing:动名词-可作主、表、宾、定、介宾(现在)分词done:(过去)分词注:非谓语动词的否定形式,not皆置于其前.nottodo/doing/done,-可作表、宾补、主补、定语、状语,分词的时态语态变化表,注：1）分词分现在分词和过去分词。2）现在分词在时态上分一般式和完成式。一般式（doing）表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时或基本同时发生。完成式（havingdone）表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.Havingstudiedintheuniversityfor3years,heknowstheplaceverywell.3)现在分词在语态上分主动和被动。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.4)过去分词本身就既可表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，又含有被动意义。,分词/分词短语作状语,分词或分词短语作状语,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。可以表示时间（when，while，once，until），原因（as，since,because），结果（sothat），条件（if，unless），让步（though，evenif）等（这时可用状语从句取代）；还表示行为方式、伴随状况等（可用并列句替代）。eg.Whenaskedwhyshecamehere,thegirlkeptsilent.,状语从句改为分词短语做状语的条件是：主句与从句的主语要一致。,然后，再考虑以下几点：1.省略从句中的连词、主语及助动词，将从句中的谓语动词改为分词形式。2.从句中的连词若是when，while，where，asif，evenif，although，once，unless，until，可以保留该连词。3.在该分词的时态和语态上,分以下几种情况:,(1)从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且主从句动作(基本)同时发生时,即用现在分词的一般式:doing,Whentheyheardthenews,theyalldancedforjoy.,Whenhearing/Hearingthenews,theyalldancedforjoy.,Exercises:BecauseIamastudent,Imuststudyhard.Ifyouexerciseeverymorning,youllimproveyourhealth.AlthoughIadmitwhatyousay,Istillthinkyouarewrong.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,andlaughedandtalkedmerrily.Flowersdancedinthegentlebreezeasiftheyweregivingencouragementtothepeopleworkinginthefields.,Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.,(If)Exercisingeverymorning,(Although)Admittingwhatyousay,laughingandtalkingmerrily.,asifgiving,(2)从句中的主语和谓语动词成主动关系,并且从句动作在主句动作之前发生或从句中的谓语本来就是完成时,即用现在分词的完成式:havingdoneBecausehehadlivedinthecityforyears,heknewitverywell.Havinglivedinthecityforyears,heknewitverywell.,Onceyouhavemadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.Althoughhehasneverbeentherebefore,hefoundthehousewithoutanydifficulty.Becauseshehadntreceivedhisletter,shedecidedtowriteagain.,(Once)Havingmadeapromise,(Although)Neverhavingbeentherebefore,Nothavingreceivedhisletter,(3)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语时态是进行时,并且主从句动作(基本)同时发生时,即用现在分词的一般式的被动语态:beingdoneWhenyouarebeingtalkedto,youshouldlookintotheeyesoftheperson.,(When)Beingtalkedto,you,(4)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,从句的谓语动作发生在主句动作之前,即用现在分词的完成式的被动语态:havingbeendone(一般不用done)IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.,Havingbeengivenmoretime,I,(5)从句中的主语和谓语动词成被动关系,并且主从句动作(基本)同时发生时,即用过去分词:doneWhenitisheated,waterchangesintosteam.,(When)Heated,waterchangesintosteam.,Becauseitisfilledwithexcitement,thisismorethananovelaboutwaratsea.Ifweareunited,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.Althoughhewaswounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.Theteacherstoodthereandwassurround