本论文介绍了壳体的注射模设计过程。主要研究带有侧凹或侧孔结构的塑料制件如何分型和脱模的，本塑件侧面带有三个小孔，直接开模无法实现分型，这就涉及到斜导柱和斜滑杆的设计以及他们的工作原理，利用注塑机开合模的作用力进行侧抽芯，一方面减少了一些零件的使用，降低成本；另一方面省去一些零件的安装工序，节约时间，缩短生产周期，提高经济效益。本文还介绍了型腔数量和布局的确定、注射机选择、浇注系统设计、模板及其标准件的选用、脱模及抽芯机构的设计、成型部件的设计等。

关键词：注塑摸；斜滑杆；侧抽芯；壳体

ABSTRACT

This paper has introduced the design process of injection mould of the shell. The main research the plastic workpiece with side concave or side hole is how to divide structure and draw of patterns. Because the side of model has three eyelets, it is unable to realize by directly operating the mold, by designing the slanting leader pin and the lifter. We use the action of the injection molding machine to carry on core-pulling. The advantage of this design are reducing the use of some components, lowing the cost, omitting some component to install the working procedure, saving time, reducing the production cycle and enhancing the economic efficiency. This article also introduces die space quantity and the layout determination, the injection machine choice, the casting system design, the template and the standard part selection, the drawing of patterns and core-pulling organization design, the formation parts design etc.

Key words:injection mould; lifter; core-pulling; shell

1 前言1

2 绪论2

2.1概述2

2.2我国塑料模现状2

2.3 我国塑料模的发展趋势3

3 塑件成型工艺分析5

3.1 塑件图5

3.2 塑件工艺分析5

3.2.1 精度等级5

3.2.2 脱模斜度5

3.2.3 塑件圆角6

3.3 ABS塑料性能特性与工艺参数6

3.3.1 ABS化学与物理特性6

3.3.2 ABS塑料的成型条件7

4 拟定模具结构形式8

4.1 型腔数目的确定8

4.2 分型面的选择9

5注塑机型号的确定11

5.1 注塑容量的计算11

5.2锁模力的计算11

5.3 注塑机的选用12

5.4 有关参数的校核13

5.4.1由注塑机料筒速率校核模具的型腔数13

5.4.2 注射压力的校核13

5.4.3 锁模力的校核13

5.4.4 开模行程的校核14

6 浇注系统的设计14

6.1 主流道的设计15

6.2 分流道的设计17

6.3 冷料穴的设计19

6.4 浇口的设计20

6.4.1浇口类型的选择20

6.4.2 浇口尺寸的确定22

6.4.3 浇口剪切速率的校核23

6.5 排气系统的设计23

7 成型零件设计23

7.1 成型零件的结构设计24

7.2 成型零件钢材的选用25

7.3 成型零件工件尺寸的计算26

7.4 型腔壁厚和底板厚度的计算29

7.4.1 侧壁厚度计算29

7.4.2 底板厚度计算30

8 模架的确定32

9 导向机构的确定32

10 脱模机构的设计34

10.1 脱模力的计算34

10.2 脱模机构的结构设计35

11 侧向抽芯的设计37

11.1 抽芯距与抽芯力的计算37

11.2 斜导柱圆形截面直径的计算40

11.3 斜导柱圆长度的计算40

11.4 斜滑杆的设计41

12 模温调节系统的设计42

12.1 冷却系统的设计42

13 数控程序的编制47

14 设计小结49

参考文献50

致谢51

1 前言

模具是工业生产的基础工艺装备，被称为工业之母。75%的粗加工工业产品零件、50%的精加工零件由模具成型，绝大部分塑料制品也由模具成型。作为国民经济的基础工业，模具涉及机械、汽车、轻工、电子、化工、冶金、建材等各个行业，应用范围十分广泛

模具技术水平已成为衡量一个国家制造业水平的重要指标。现代工业需要先进的模具设备和高技术人才。

目前国内模具技术人员短缺，要解决这样的问题，关键在于职业培训。我们作为踏入社会的当代学生，就应该掌握扎实的专业基础，现在学好理论基础。本设计是以适应企业技术的发展，能体现出在学校所学，能体现先进性和前瞻性，所涉及到的知识包括注塑成型基本原理、注塑工艺方案的确定、工艺规程编制、模具结构设计、模具材料的选择、压力机的选择、模具制造方法等。希望通过对这些知识的学习，能使自己掌握模具加工的核心技术，了解周边技术和跟踪前沿技术。希望能通过这次设计，能掌握模具设计的基本方法和基本理论。

本次设计得到了张蓉副教授的指导，同时也非常感谢湖南工学院的各位老师的教诲。

由于学生的理论学习和实践经验有限，设计中存在的不足之处和错误还肯请各位教授、专家批评指正。谢谢！

2 绪论

模具是利用其特定形状去成型具有一定形状和尺寸的制品的工具。模具的类型很多，按照成形材料的不同可分为冲压模具、塑料模具、锻造模具、压铸模具、橡胶模具、粉末冶金模具、玻璃模具和陶瓷模具。模具生产技术水平的高低，已成为衡量一个国家产品制造水平高低的重要标志，因为模具在很大程度上决定着产品的质量、效益和新产品的开发能力。随着我国加入WTO，我国模具工业的发展将面临新的机遇和挑战。我国模具工业的发展，日益受到人们的重视和关注。“模具是工业生产的基础工艺装备”也已经取得了共识。注塑成型作为一种重要的成型加工方法，在家电行业、汽车工业、机械工业等都有广泛的应用，且生产的制件具有精度高、复杂度高、一致性高、生产效率高和消耗低的特点，有很大的市场需求和良好的发展前景。

2.1概述

塑料是以树脂为主要成分，添加一定数量和一定类型的添加剂。然而，塑料制品生产是一个既复杂又繁重的过程，其生产系统主要由成型、机械加工、修饰及装配四个连续过程组成。其中，成型是将各种形态的塑料（粉、粒、溶液或分散体）制成所需形状的制品或毛坯的过程。注塑模是一种用来生产塑料零件的模具。它被安装在塑料注射机上，由塑料注射机将塑料颗粒融化成为热熔体，经过合模、高压注射、保压冷却定型、开模、推出制件等工序，获取所需的塑料零件。塑料模具影响着塑料制品的质量。首先，模具型腔的形状、尺寸、表面粗糙度、分型面、浇口、和排气槽位置以及脱模方式等对制件的尺寸精度和形状精度以及制件的物理性能、机械性能、内应力大小、外观质量，表面粗糙度、气泡、凹痕、烧焦、银纹等都有十分重要的影响。其次，在塑料加工过程中，模具结构对操作难易程度影响很大。在大批量生产塑料制品时，应尽量减少开模、合模和取件过程中的手工劳动。当批量不大时，模具费用在制件成本中所占的比例将会很大，这时应尽可能地采用结构合理而简单的模具，以降低成本。

2.2我国塑料模现状

我国塑料模具的质量、技术和制造能力近年来确实发展很快，有些已达到或接近国际水平，尤其是随着改革开放政策的不断深入，“三资”企业蓬勃发展，对我国塑料模具设计制造水平的提高起到了非常大的作用。然而，由于我国模具制造基础薄弱，各地发展极不平衡，因此从总体上来看，与国际先进水平以及国内市场需求相比，差距还很大。这主要表现在以下方面：

塑料模具产品水平不高，与国外先进水平相差甚远；我国塑料模制造企业设备数控化率和CAD/CAM应用覆盖率比国外低很多，且设备不配套、利用率低的现象十分严重；开发能力低，在市场上处于被动地位，创造的经济效益方面，国内大多数是微利甚至亏损；国内外模具企业管理上的差距十分明显；我国塑料模具市场总体上供不应求，特别是大型、复杂、长寿命塑料模产需矛盾十分明显。

2.3 我国塑料模的发展趋势

CAD/CAM/CAE技术在塑料模的设计制造上应用已越来越普遍，特别是CAD/CAM技术的应用较为普遍，取得了很大成绩。使用计算机进行产品零件造型分析、模具主要结构及零件的设计、数控机床加工的编程已成为精密、大型塑料模具设计生产的主要手段。应用电子信息工程技术进一步提高了塑料模的设计制造水平。这不仅缩短了生产前的准备时间，而且还为扩大模具出口创造了良好的条件，也相应缩短了模具的设计和制造周期。此外，气体辅助注射成型技术的使用更趋成熟，热流道技术的应用更加广泛，精密、复杂、大型模具的制造水平有了很大提高，模具寿命及效率不断提高，同时还采用了先进的模具加工技术和设备。目前我国经济仍处于高速发展阶段，国际上经济全球化发展趋势日趋明显，这为我国模具工业高速发展提供了良好的条件和机遇。一方面，国内模具市场将继续高速发展，另一方面，模具制造也逐渐向我国转移以及跨国集团到我国进行模具采购趋向也十分明显。因此，放眼未来，国际、国内的模具市场总体发展趋势前景看好，预计中国模具将在良好的市场环境下得到高速发展，我国不但会成为模具大国，而且一定逐步向模具制造强国的行列迈进。“十一五”期间，中国模具工业水平不仅在量和质的方面有很大提高，而且行业结构、产品水平、开发创新能力、企业的体制与机制以及技术进步的方面也会取得较大发展。

随着国民经济总量和工业产品技术的不断发展，各行各业对模具的需求量越来越大，技术要求也越来越高。虽然模具种类繁多，但其发展重点应该是既能满足大量需要，又有较高技术含量，特别是目前国内尚不能自给，需大量进口的模具和能代表发展方向的大型、精密、复杂、长寿命模具。模具标准件的种类、数量、水平、生产集中度等对整个模具行业的发展有重大影响。因此，一些重要的模具标准件也必须重点发展，而且其发展速度应快于模具的发展速度，这样才能不断提高我国模具标准化水平，从而提高模具质量，缩短模具生产周期，降低成本。由于我国的模具产品在国际市场上占有较大的价格优势，因此对于出口前景好的模具产品也应作为重点来发展。根据上述需要量大、技术含量高、代表发展方向、出口前景好的原则选择重点发展产品，而且所选产品必须目前已有一定技术基础，属于有条件、有可能发展起来的产品。

随着经济的发展，各行各业对各类模具的需求不断增加，所需品种也越来越细化. 据预测，国内模具发展的趋势：

（1）模具日趋大型化；模具的精度将越来越高；多功能复合模具将进一步发展；

（2）热流道模具在塑料模具中的比重将逐渐提高；

（3）随着塑料成形工艺的不断改进与发展，气辅模具及适应高压注射成型等工艺的模具将随之发展；

（4）标准件的应用将日渐广泛；

（5）快速经济模具的发展前景十分广阔；

（6）以塑代钢、以塑代木的进程进一步加快，塑料模具的比例将不断增大；

（7）模具技术含量将不断提高，中、高档模具比例将不断增大。

参考文献

[1] 许发樾主编.实用模具设计与制造手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2001.2

[2] 四川大学等编.塑料成型模具[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社，1982.6

[3] 李建军，李德群.模具设计基础及模具CAD[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2005.7

[4] 叶久新，王群.塑料制品成型模具及模具设计[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社.2005.8

[5] 黄毅宏，李明辉.模具制造工艺[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2003.7

[6] 付宏生，刘京华.注塑制品与注塑模具设计[M]. 北京：化学工业出版社，2003.6

[7] 卜建新主编.塑料模具设计[M]. 北京：中国轻工业出版社，2005.2

[8] 杜智敏等著.Pro/ENGINEER野火版塑料注射模具设计实例[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2005.2

[9] 周凤云.工程材料及应用（第二版）[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2002.11

[10] 沈其文.材料成型工艺基础（第三版）[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2003.9

[11] 大连理工大学工程画教研室编[M].机械制图(第四版).北京：高等教育出版社，1993.5

[12] 王永平编.注塑模具设计经验点评[M]. 北京：高等教育出版社，2004.7

[13] 伍先明等编著.塑料模具设计指导[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2006.5

[14] 周建安. 彩电前壳注射模设计[J].模具制造.2005，12

[15] 阳湘安. 注射模冷却系统的设计及分析[J].模具制造.2004，8.

[16] 李孝宽.对国内模具发展建议性探讨[J] .数控机床市场.2005，8

[17] 任紫亭，郭晓婷.热处理工艺对楔块模具使用寿命的影响[J].机械管理开发.2005，1

[18] 许发樾等. 试论制造业与模具市场[J].模具制造.2004，12

[19] 许荔珉等.注塑成型质量缺陷分析[J].模具技术.2005，2

[20] 付宏生，刘京华.注塑制品与注塑模具设计[J].化学工业出版社.2003.5

[21] 伍先明,张蓉.塑料模具设计指导[J].国防工业出版社.2010.8

360桌面截图20140727202419.gif

360桌面截图20140728233714.gif

360桌面截图20140728234030.gif

360桌面截图20140728234040.gif

侧型芯.gif

导柱.gif

垫块.gif

定模座板.gif

定位圈.gif

动模仁.gif

动模座板.gif

复位杆.gif

浇口套.gif

拉料杆.gif

零件图.gif

推板.gif

推板导柱.gif

推板固定板.gif

推杆.gif

脱浇板.gif

镶块1.gif

斜导柱固定板.gif

斜滑杆.gif

支承板.gif

内容简介：: Domestic and foreign car coverage Die Design OverviewA.S. Pouzada, E.C. Ferreira and A.J. PontesAbstract : In introducing the current domestic car stamping die design and manufacture of the foundation, expounded foreign auto company cars panel particular panel of the stamping process and die design status application of new technologies .Key words : mechanical manufacturing; Car panel; Stamping technology; Mold Design 1 Introduction In recent years, Chinas car market has developed very rapidly in 2002 in car sales more than one million on the basis of in 2003 to 2 million people relations forward, reaching 1.97 million. However, in the car heat rapidly warming, had to face the embarrassment of this reality-market best-selling vehicle for the majority of people must be directly imported from abroad. As domestic car cover mold design and manufacturing capability on the whole is relatively weak, in order to produce these models, each company had to spend hundreds of millions or hundreds of billion of overseas procurement die. People with foreign automobile companies, because the relatively small scale of production, This has resulted in motorcycle smoothing wood into the mold much higher than foreign cars, This is also produced cars along with high wood manufacturing into one of the main reasons. 2 Domestic car coverage Die development capability Major car manufacturers to Die : Die Manufacturing Co. Ltd. of FAW, Dongfeng Motor Die Works, Tianjin Automobile Die Company, CAC Integration Technology Co., Ltd Nanjing mold equipment, Shanghai Auto Body 1000 margin Die Company. Most people as a domestic car production and sales of commercial-vehicle population of Shanghai Limited, also has its own mold design and manufacturing departments (TMM Division). Currently, Although domestic Die in Car cover the mold design and manufacturing has a small capacity, auto plants can undertake some development projects die, but for a very high surface accuracy and surface quality requirements of the outside panel. It is especially the high-grade cars outside panel, auto plants rarely die by the will of such domestic development.Shanghai Public Motors Limited in order to reduce vehicle production costs, but also to increase the companys core technical competencies, Since the beginning of 2001, set foot in the car stamping die design and manufacturing fields. 2001 -2002 completed POLO cars manually presses the production line 10 Die simple parts , the companys quality assurance department as well and put into production. Beginning in 2002, the type of people to the complex, automation, 6000kN the design and manufacture of automatic production line POLO cars tyres. Die Block (dimensions of the parts, deep drawing deep, complex shape) in 2003, in order to further enhance the design and manufacture of mold ability and level We get involved in the Multi-Position 20000kN Press and 10000kN automatic production line of die design. Shanghai over the past number of people in many public spaces 20000kN Press on the use of the mold, all u need to progress, Die domestic business still lacks the ability to design and manufacture the mold. To this end, we chose POLO Car column plate mold design. 20000kN Multi-Position Press is the worlds most advanced presses, integration, a very high degree of automation. Of course, this right mold design requirements also increased accordingly. Parts Feeding height, distance, location manipulator strict requirements ensure that the manipulator in the course of the campaign and die without interference, so the mold design for space on a small lot. In considering many factors, we finally completed the whole mold design, CAD state assembly as shown in figure 1. In addition, we have completed the POLO cars 10000kN automatic production line of the rear wheel cover mold design, In last years build on that. These successful completion of the Shanghai marks the number of people die design capability has reached advanced domestic level. thus for the future of Shanghai people die Domestic car lay a solid foundation. Nevertheless, with the international advanced level, the more people there are still gaps, For example, in the car outside cover mold design or from the air. Die in Car, the most difficult of the outer covering die design, mainly in the following two aspects :(1)Overcome by the resilience of parts surface deviations Breakdown, wrinkling, Rebound car is stamping process of forming the main shortcomings, as car outside panel dimensions. deep drawing shallow, plastic deformation low level generally will not crack, Resilience as a result of such parts on the manufacturing process and the main problems, it will seriously affect the parts with the mutual relations. Finite element simulation software in the stamping die design universal application, has been able to accurately predict rupture and wrinkle-free. thus contribute to the design of appropriate auxiliary surfaces to improve the process of drawing materials flow, improve parts forming ft. However, to date) unknown. Most of the finite element software can not be accurately forecast Stamping Die them removed from the rebound after deformation. Therefore, the external panel dealing with the resilience of the major changes to rely on the experience of the die face, stamping parts are forming over, to offset rebound led to the deformation. (2)Stamping the pick-up As foreign coverage (eg front cover plate, the roof and fender panels) are subject to complex flanging plastic or anticipated beading crafts, This makes the design of the mold structure, we must consider the ram after forming the pick-up, the current people are relying on more complex Wedge institutional linkages to achieve some of the work to mold parts his resignation to achieve to enable them to pieces. The resulting mold of the entire structure is very complicated.3 Foreign coverage Die Design Currently, foreigners Motors Corporation in order to reduce mold development and manufacturing costs, shorten production cycles, In addition to cars outside panel of people out of the car Stamping Die Mold were left to professional companies (such as Fontana Pietro.Kuka.Laepple.Schuler Cartec.Ogi-ha la-Fuji Techniaca etc.) to design and manufacture, these companies have strong development capabilities, and in some parts of the manufacturing mold with unique advantages. But as auto plants, taking into account the development of new models in the process of confidentiality, such as the right-wing boards, suitcase covers, doors, side-Wai, the roof front cover and other sensitive parts of the die, die by their own manufacturing sector to design and manufacture. 3.1 Software Environment Stamping die design, in addition to the need for CAD software, also large-scale application of the finite element simulation software If AutoForm.PamStamp. DynaForm. Indeed, aided design stamping process. Below, AutoForm as an example to show how the use of CAE software design process of drawing surfaces.AutoForm is supplied by the Swiss Development professional rapid simulation of sheet metal forming software can be used in sheet, welded plate stamping, such as Hydroforming process simulation, with different functional modules, can also be used for single-step stamping parts and the simulation of forming processes of drawing surfaces (Addendum) Design . Car stampings, About two-thirds of the use of AutoForm Diedesigner Module Module Design A ddendum the module under specified by the designer or by the software automatically generate pressure-ring face and and the process of multi-added section of the line (Profile), to produce rapid-added process, Drawing for the simulation process, as shown in Figure 2. V-ring face and Profile parameter can be the adjustment. This rapid design is based on surface Addendum Construction of the rough, curved surface film itself, and between the curved surface of the film is not very continuous fairing, Despite this surface is not used directly to the mold surface machining. But the simulation accuracy is not affected people. According to the simulation results. designers can easily add-on technology adjustment until simulation results meet design requirements. Finally, will Blankholder circle Profile Addendum to surface and neutral data format output IGS or VDA, CAD software for surface reconstruction and digital-analog integrated products, will be able to be machined can use the drawing process a few Die Mold.Stamping Process traditional design methods : First, on the basis of experience, the use of CAD technology to add noodles. Secondly, CAD will be transmitted to the model number of AutoForm software such as CAE deep drawing process simulation; According to the simulation results. in CAD add-on process adjustments and a few new CAD - CAE pass to start new simulation, Until meet the requirements for competition. This is one from CAD to CAE to return to the CAD kept in the process. Because each of the CAD surface structure than in AutoForm are complex, therefore, The whole process will have to spend much more time. And the new method of stamping process in the design stage, Diedesigner Module used in AutoForm software design and adjust the deep drawing process surfaces with the traditional design methods, we will be able to greatly improve the efficiency of design.A AutoForm is due to the rapid simulation software in a relatively short time stamping parts of the complicated process of forming the evaluation of membrane modules used to model discrete geometry, bound to reduce the simulation accuracy, therefore, Some car companies prior to the start of mold design will use high-precision simulation of the CAE software, Germany on the number of people using the software Indeed, Drawing on procedures for the simulation again (Indeed calculation software is based on the thickness of the shell element. to be more accurate results, However, the calculation of time spent AutoForm is usually several times that of the 10, The software is applicable to the ultimate test), Drawing all must pass Indeed Process simulation and validation to be feasible, in order for mold design.Mold design complete, the combination of drawings through the bubble acceptance model (Figure 3) different procedures with different colors of the lines marking the bubble model, the so intuitive and clear. Technology should also be organized, including designers, project planning, mold testing, Die operators and other stakeholders to discuss acceptance. For the stamping process difficult to solve the problem of forming, product development should also be invited to discuss personnel, look for changes in product design possibilities.3.2 Rebound amendment response The former is known, the rebound was cars outside panel forming process of the main questions are covered plate before example, conduct detailed analysis. Usually panel of the rebound following two categories :Large flat surface caused by the elastic response of buckling or collapse, as illustrated in figure 4, Part C Click below, dotted said parts removed from the mold and rebound occurred after the position. In such cases, the design process is not normally be considered. Technology products in a few die-face with some of the data from the product development departments of consistent data, and for die manufacturing. To tryout, and the specimens were seized compared with measurements, according to the deviation of drawing surface model amendment. If designers to control such problems have very rich experience, can be estimated in advance surface elastic recovery and the direction of offset, and will reverse its superposition of several product-development, Rebound consider seeking deformation of the surface of deep drawing process, the calculation process requires specialized computer software to accomplish, In Germany public, using the ICEM. Flanging plastic part by bending the rebound fold angle changes, as illustrated in figure 4 B Click below. For this kind of problem, in addition to the Department of Drawing and cutting edge, but also including flanging and Wedge plastic, plastic take-off process is forming 2 -3, to offset the springback. The process design work completed and reflected in the number of program modules. 33 Wedge new outer body mold coverage on the application Currently, many of the new models outside panel, fender panels (Figure 5) front cover plate, the roof flanging plastic processes, used as a revolving Wedge, new technology. The working principle see figure 6, rotating Wedge part of the cavity is required plastic stamping parts of the region, when the plastic process is complete, Cylinder - driven carriers to promote Wedge around rotating drum rotation, so as to achieve the purpose of the yield components, After the convenience of plastic parts, removed from the mold. Rotating Wedges advantages are : plastic parts for stamping parts and materials entrusted part of the mosaic is very fairing, Therefore, there is no obvious parts indentation; Die simple structure; maintenance is simple and low cost. 4 Concluding remarks In recent years, through the tireless efforts and the car stamping die design and manufacturing capabilities made significant progress. However, the car is especially luxury cars outside the coverage of mold development, the international level and there are still more people gap. However, this gap is not narrowing, So long as we strengthen international exchanges and learn from their foreign counterparts in designing and manufacturing experience, car will be able to accelerate the coverage Die domestic process. References1 C. Burke and R. Malloy, An experimental study of the ejection forces encountered during injection molding, SPE ANTEC Tech. Pap. 37 (1991). 2 R. Balsamo, D. Hayward and R. Malloy, An experimental evaluation of ejection forces: frictional effects, SPE ANTEC Tech. Pap. 39 (1993). 3 A.J. Pontes and A.S. Pouzada, Ejection force in tubular injection moldings. Part I: Effect of processing conditions, Polym. Eng. Sci. 44 (2004), p. 891. 4 G. Menges and H. Bangert, Measurement of coefficients of static friction as a means of determinating opening and demoulding forces in injection moulds, Kunstst. Ger. Plast. 71 (19

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。