高二英语选修6第一单元语法课件.ppt

Welcomeyou!,虚拟语气,TheSubjunctiveMood,语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动作或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。,1.陈述语气多见于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。Hecouldswim,buthedidntjumpintothewatertosavetheboy.2.祈使语气仅用于祈使句中,表示说话人向对方提出请求,劝告或命令。Shutthewindowbeforeleaving.3.虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况,或是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。IfIwereabird,Ishouldflyinthesky.,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用五.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用六.几种特殊的虚拟语气,Ifwe_timenow,we_itagain.(have;read)IfI_hisadvice,I_suchamistake.(take;notmake)Ifshe_tomorrow,I_herforhelp.(come;ask),一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,had,wouldread,hadtaken,wouldnothavemade,shouldcome,wouldask,动词的过去式（动词be用were),现在,had+过去分词,动词过去式,should,would,might,could动词原形,should,would,might,couldhave+过去分词,wereto+动词原形,将来,过去,should,would,might,could动词原形,should+动词原形,1._,hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard2._,Iwouldgotheremyself.A.WereIyouB.IwereyouC.IfIhadbeenyouD.HadIbeenyou,1.在if引导的非真实条件句中，if可以省略，但是要提前had,were,should,A.Hadheworkedhard,A.WereIyou,1.ButforJohn,we_thematchlastweek.A.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost2.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored,2某些介词without/butfor/under/with等或otherwise/but/or等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语气。这是含蓄虚拟条件句.,A.wouldhavelost,D.wouldhavescored,3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。这时就应该把从句和主句分开来看,根据各自谓语发生时间的不同,采用相应的形式.,1.Ifhe_hislegsyesterday,he_theSummerPalacewithusnow.A.hadnthurt;wouldvisitB.hadnthurt;wouldhavevisitedC.didnthurt;wouldvisitD.didnthurt;wouldhavevisited2.IfIhadstudiedEnglishlastyear,I_abletospeakitnow.A.wouldhavebeenB.shouldbeC.hadbeenD.was,A.hadnthurt;wouldvisit,B.shouldbe,二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,1.Myfatherwasstrict.HerequestedthatI_televisiononweeknights.mustntwatchB.notwatchC.couldntwatchD.dontwatch2.Marysuncleinsists_inthishotel.A.notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot3.Hissmilingfacesuggestedthathe_reallysatisfiedwithallthis.A.hadbeenB.wasC.beD.shouldbe,B.notwatch,C.thathenotstay,B.was,1.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;四条建议suggest,advise,propose,recommend;六项要求demand,request,require,(ask,urge,desire,)注意:suggest表“暗示表明”时,insist表“坚持认为”时不用虚拟语气,1.HowIwishI_adoctor,andI_thedyinggirl.A.am;cansaveB.was;saveC.were;couldsaveD.willbe;willsave2.-Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?-Sorry,butIwishI_.hadB.canC.shouldD.could,2.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddone3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could+do,C.were;couldsave,D.could,1.Itsapitythathe_socareless.wasB.willbeC.shouldbeD.canbe2.Itsnecessarythattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresent3.Itisstrangethathe_insuchavoice.A.couldspeakB.shouldspeakC.spokeD.speaks,三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,C.shouldbe,C.besent,B.shouldspeak,基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词suggested,requested,ordered,proposed,demanded,arranged,desired,advised2.Itbe+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that+(should)+动词原形+,1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hisproposalisthatallthestudents_toseethefilm.nottogoB.notgoC.didntgoD.nevertogo,四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的使用,在suggestion,proposal,order,decision,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。,A.try,B.notgo,五.虚拟语气在状语从句中的使用,1.Heoftenspeakstoomuchasifhe_everything.A.knowsB.hadknownC.knewD.hasknown2.IrememberthestoryasthoughI_.justreaditB.havejustreaditC.hadjustreaditD.werejustreadingit,asif/asthough(同wish),过去完成时对过去虚拟一般过去时(be为were)对现在虚拟would/could+动词原形对将来虚拟,C.knew,C.hadjustreadit,1.EvenifI_withyouthen,I_muchforyou.wouldbe;wouldnotdowere;shouldnothavedonehadbeen;wouldnotdoD.hadbeen;shouldnothavebeen2.Eventhoughhe_here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen,evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句,若表示与事实相反,其动词用虚拟语气形式,主从句中的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同.,D.hadbeen;shouldnothavebeen,B.were,1.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit_.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplode2.Lestanyone_thinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.A.shouldB.shallC.willD.may,用在lest(惟恐,免得),forfearthat(以免,为防止起见)和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should/might+动词原形,有时lest,forfearthat后的should可省。,C.explode,A.should,六.几种特殊的虚拟语气,1.Dontalwaysmakeanoise.Idratheryou_silent.A.keepB.cankeepC.keptD.tokeep2.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo3.IfonlyI_asbraveasyouare!beingB.wasC.beD.were4.I_tomeetMr.Thompsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroomwhenIcame.A.hopedB.hadhopedC.hopingD.havehoped,C.kept,B.went,D.were,B.hadhoped,wouldrather+dosomething(宁愿做某事),wouldrather+句子(虚拟),过去完成时对过去虚拟一般过去时对现在虚拟一般过去时对将来虚拟,2.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want等的过去完成式表示过去想做而没做成的.,1.,3.Ifonly引导的感叹句,谓语构成与wish相同.,Itis(high,about)timethat,一般过去时,should+动词原形,此处的should一般不省略,4.,5.虚拟语气也常用于”ifitwere(hadbeen)notfor”句型中,意为”要不是.”Ifitwerenotforpeace,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshecantsing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.,EXERCISES,1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIknewyouwerecoming,I_youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemet3.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget,A