空中英语教室2010年8月笔记.docVIP

- 1 - Contents AUGUST 2.- 2 - AUGUST 3, 4.- 4 - AUGUST 57.- 9 - AUGUST 9.- 16 - AUGUST 10, 11.- 19 - AUGUST 1214.- 24 - AUGUST 16, 17.- 31 - AUGUST 18, 19.- 35 - AUGUST 20, 21.- 41 - AUGUST 23, 24.- 46 - AUGUST 25.- 51 - AUGUST 26, 27.- 53 - AUGUST 28.- 58 - AUGUST 30, 31.- 60 - - 2 - August 2 Health Volcano Boarding a Hot New Action Sport 火红的极限运动：火山滑板火红的极限运动：火山滑板 Travel to Nicaragua for a new adventure ride Travel to Nicaragua for the ride of a lifetime! 到尼加拉瓜一游，尝尝终身难得一遇的滑降经验吧 by Pamela Osment Flying down a 400-meter-long slide like Taichungs Sky Pool provides plenty of excitement for most. But for those who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting “slide” experience. Instead of sliding down water, people slide down volcanic ash on the side of an active volcano! Volcano boarding began in 2005 when a local tour company came up with the idea. Since then, over 10,000 people have traveled to Cerro Negro to give it a try. Cerro Negro is one of Nicaraguas most active volcanoes. Riding down the side of a smoking volcano is an experience like no other. How is it done? After a 45-minute climb to the volcanos rim, riders put on protective gear. They receive brief instructions and then try sliding down a short slope. After that, its time for the real thing! Sitting on a specially designed board, riders push off and fly straight down a 488-meter slope. The black volcanic ash provides a dusty, dirty ride. But boarders usually arrive at the bottom with smiles on their faces. With riders reaching speeds up to 82km/h, volcano boarding offers a one-of-a-kind adventure ride! extreme (adj) 极度的 volcanic ash 火山灰 come up with something 提出,拿出 rim (n) 边缘 gear (n) 装备 - 3 - slope (n) 斜坡 Grammar on the Go for those who like more extreme adventures, Nicaragua offers an even more exciting “slide” experience. for those who for the people who Every member in the tour group will get a sandwich and a drink for lunch; for those who want to have dessert, they just need to pay $2 dollars more. Most students have no trouble completing their assignments; but for those who need extra help, they could meet with the school counselor after school. In Library K: Hey, Ashley. A: Hi, Ken. How are you? K: Ah, Im so hot. Im so glad the library has air conditioning. It feels like a volcano outside. A: I know. And speaking of volcanoes, I was just chatting with Doris online about volcanoes. K: Oh, really? A: Yes. She was just explaining to me what is considered an active volcano. K: What did she say about active volcanoes? A: Lets find out. K: Okay. D: An active volcano shows signs of eruption, has erupted before, and is likely to erupt again. To erupt means to release. A volcano that is leaking liquids and gases is active. If there is a lot of unrest and many earthquakes its a good sign that an eruption is coming. K: So, Ashley, what do you call the liquid that is released from the volcano? A: When a volcano erupts, it releases a hot liquid called lava. Lava is melted rock that blows out of a volcano. K: I see. Are there any volcanoes that are not active? A: Yes, there are dormant and extinct volcanoes. Dormant volcanoes may have erupted in the past, but now are sleeping. Dormant means something is not active but may become active in the future. K: Oh, so dormant volcanoes may have remained quiet for a long time and show no signs of unrest. But theyre capable of erupting again? A: Yes, and as for extinct volcanoes, theyre unlikely to erupt for a long time. The may not show any signs of volcanic activity for hundreds of years. K: Okay. Well, Im glad I dont live next to a volcano. A: Me too. But would you like to visit one? K: Maybe an extinct volcano. That way I know it wont erupt. - 4 - 今天这一课讲到 volcano boarding，我们可以顺便讨论 volcanoes（火山）,火山可以分三类： active volcano 是活火山，另一种是 dormant volcano，dormant 是睡眠状态的，所以 dormant volcano 就是休眠火山，最后一种是 extinct volcano 也就是完全没有活动纪录也没有活动迹象 的死火山。火山爆发时会流出 lava，l-a-v-a 就是岩浆。 More Information An excerpt from the Bigfoot Adventure website reads: “After a 45 minute hike up the mountain we are standing at the top, wondering how well get down! However, after a lesson on boarding and a quick 5-meter practice run, we are ready! At one moment we are sitting and waiting for a push, the next we are flying down the side of a volcano at 80km/hr!” Language Tips extreme (adj) 极端的,激烈的,极度的 The extreme weather condition made the desert journey really difficult. 极端的天候让这趟沙漠之旅非常艰辛。 Always use extreme caution when you take medication. 服用药物的时候总是要特别谨慎。 come up with 想出或提出（某个想法、计划或答案） The students came up with several options for their new clubs name. 学生们想出了几个这个新社团可以选用的名字。 After several hours, we finally came up with the correct answer to the difficult math problem. 经过几个小时，我们终于想出这个很难的数学题的正确答案。 rim (n) 边缘 The rim of the glass was broken. 这个玻璃杯的边缘破掉了。 The basketball bounced back from the rim. 篮球从球框弹回来。 The rims of the tires are rusted and need to be replaced. 轮胎边缘的钢圈已经生锈需要更换。 August 3, 4 English Language Business Jargon 不可不知的商用术语不可不知的商用术语 Understanding confusing business conversations Learn what people in the business world are talking about - 5 - 来学学商业界人士的英语会话方式 by Simon Stopps Have you ever attended a meeting only to leave wondering what it was about? If so, you may be a victim of business jargon. Jargon words used by a group of people that arent generally understood has both advantages and disadvantages. Many professionals use specialized terms that help them communicate specific ideas that are hard to describe in simple language. Unfortunately, the use of jargon can result in confusion. This is especially true when speakers use terms that their listeners misunderstand or dont understand at all. These examples of commonly used business jargon may help you figure out whats going on. But use them carefully dont leave your audience struggling to interpret what you are talking about. Water under the bridge This phrase refers to events of the past. Generally, the term suggests that the past should be forgotten and people should move forward. Last years mistakes are water under the bridge. Touch base When people touch base, they get in contact with each other. The term is often used in reference to meetings. Lets touch base on Thursday afternoon. jargon (n) 行话,术语 disadvantage (n) 缺点 specialized (adj) 专门的 confusion (n) 混乱,混淆 reference (n) 涉及,提及;参考 interpret (v) 解释,口译 Grammar on the Go Have you ever attended a meeting only to leave wondering what it was about? only to however or but Have you ever attended a meeting but leave wondering what it was about? Jessica thought she was late for the party only to discover that she was actually the first one to arrive. Paulos family moved to the city for better job opportunities only to find themselves in poverty. In Library - 6 - K: (sigh) Ashley, Im so sorry. I spilled water all over the table. I got one of the books wet too. A: Ah, its OK, Ken. We have enough paper towels to clean it up. Its water under the bridge now. K: Hey, I was just reading about that idiom, water under the bridge. Are there more water idioms? A: Well, Ken, have you ever been in deep water? K: What kind of a question is that? Of course Ive been in deep water. Im a good swimmer. A: Im not talking about swimming. To be in deep water means to be in a difficult situation. If you dont pay your bills, you are in deep water. Or if you dont study for a test, you are in deep water. K: Or if you spilled water on one of the books at the library like I did, A: Eh, good points. There is another idiom that Doris can talk to us about. Why dont we go to her? K: Okay. D: Everyone knows that its hard to keep your head above water if you cant swim. In English, to keep your head above water means to barely survive financially. Someone who lives from paycheck to paycheck is keeping his head above water. So spend your money wisely in order to keep your head above water. K: Okay. Are there any other water idioms that I should know about? A: Yes, another common English idiom is “dont throw the baby out with the bath water”. After you give the baby a bath, you have to throw out the dirty water. The dirty water represents the situations in life where there are bad qualities while the baby represents the good part. Just because you dont like someones ideas, it doesnt mean you should throw the baby out with the bath water. Doesnt mean they are a bad person. K: And just because studying English can be hard, it doesnt mean I should throw the baby out with the bath water and quit studying. A: Thats right. Keep focusing on the things youre learning. K: I will. Thanks Ashley. 今天这一课提到 water under the bridge，我们不妨再学几个跟水相关的短语，in deep water 字 面上是在深水中，我们可以想象一个不会游泳的人掉入高过头顶的深水中是什么样的状况，因 此 in deep water 就是陷入困境、有麻烦了。另外一个相关的短语是 keep your head above water（使头维持在水面上） ，这当然是要避免灭顶。这个短语大多是用在跟经济相关的事物， 指的是不欠债，维持生计，避免挨饿或者破产。另外一个是 throw the baby out with the bath water，什么叫做把婴儿和洗澡水一起倒掉？我们知道洗澡用过的脏水是没有用的东西，那是要 倒掉的，婴儿却是无价之宝，绝对不能抛弃，所以这个短语常常用在否定句，Dont throw the baby out with the bath water，意思就是不要把好东西连同坏的东西一起抛弃。 - 7 - Language Tips disadvantage (n) 不利条件,弱点 The disadvantage of international travel is the extremely high cost. 国际旅游的缺点就是费用极高。 After weighing the advantages and disadvantages, we decided to move to the suburbs. 经过一番优缺点的考虑之后，我们决定要搬到郊区。 interpret (v) 诠释,说明,解释;口头翻译 Few people can accurately interpret confusing stock market figures. 只有少数的人才能正确解读令人迷惑的股市统计数据。 The non-native speaking audience member had to ask someone to interpret the speech for him. 这位不会说当地话的听众得请别人翻译演讲的内容给他听。 reference (n) 有关,涉及 (to) The CEO made no reference to the possible bank merger in the meeting. 执行长在会议中并未提及可能与银行合并的事情。 in reference to 有关某个对象 What should we do in reference to Richards tardiness? 关于 Richard 迟到的问题我们该怎么做呢？ Tee up People use this term to describe making preparations for something. It is often used to describe preparing technical support for presentations. Can you tee up the DVD player while I get the projector working? Take it to the next level When you take something to the next level, you are improving or intensifying it. Lets take this project to the next level and improve our sales. The ball is in your court People say this when it is someone elses turn to do something or make a decision. It often suggests the speaker is waiting for someone else to act. Ive done all I can. Now the ball is in Matthews court. Apples and oranges This term is often used when arguing that two things are too different to be compared. Comparing the new arena to the new hospital is like comparing apples and oranges. Strike while the iron is hot - 8 - To strike while the iron is hot is to proceed while you have the chance. The term is often used to encourage people to take action quickly. If we want to make this sale, we need to strike while the iron is hot! projector (n) 投影仪 intensify (v) 增强 arena (n) 室内运动场 proceed (v) 进行,继续下去 In Library A: So, Ken, whats your website recommendation for today? K: Well, I recommended yesterday. So, today the ball is in your field. A: UmKen, you mean the balls in my court? K: Oh, is that how the saying goes? A: Yes, its court, not field. K: You know, all the places different sports are played are so confusing. I heard fields, diamonds, courts and arenas. How are they different? A: Let see if I can make some sense for you. Lets start with outdoor sports. Outdoor sports are usually played on a field. K: Okay, I know baseball is played on a field. But I also hear the word “diamond” for baseball. I thought that was jewelry. A: It is. And if you look at a baseball field and see where the bases are, they look like the shape of a diamond, right? And that is included in the field that is much larger. We also call a baseball field a ballpark. Someone might hit a ball out of the ballpark. K: Okay. So, the larger area is a field. Is that true for all outdoor sports? A: Pretty much soccer, cricket, field hockey. But if we switch to indoor sports then these are played on a court, especial when there is a net. Tennis, volleyball and basketball are played on a court. K: Okay. What if Im watching ice skating? A: Then it is called a rink. There are skating rinks and hockey rinks. And for bowling, it is called an alley. A bowling alley is the building and where you roll the ball is called a lane. K: Speaking of buildings, whats the difference between an arena and a stadium? A: Good question. Generally, an arena is enclosed while a stadium is usually open air. In Ancient history, arenas were open air. But today they are usually indoors, although not always. K: Well, thanks for your help. So the ball is now in your court. Can you think of a good website? A: Hmm, I just find one for you, . K: Ah, sounds like a good one. - 9 - 不同球类的场地有不同的名称，大型的户外球场叫做 field，但是对棒球除了 field 之外也可以用 ballpark 来表示棒球场，而内野的球场是一个 diamond。为什么用 diamond（钻石）呢？这是 因为从一垒到本垒所形成的这个菱形长得就像一个钻石的形状。另外比较小型的球场尤其是牵 涉到网子的室内球场，我们会用 court，比如说 basketball court，tennis court，volleyball court。而曲棍球因为是在溜冰场比赛，因此用另外一个字 rink，hockey rink 就是曲棍球场。保 龄球比较特别，保龄球场叫做 bowling alley，但是球场内的球道叫做 lane。另外 arena 原本是 古罗马的竞技场，而现在表示是室内的运动场。而 stadium 是大型的户外体育场。 Language Tips projector (n) 投影机,放映机 You need to focus the projector to make the images clearer. 要让画面更清楚你得要调整投影机的焦距。 slide projector 放幻灯片的投影机 intensify (v) 加强,增强,使强化 Tension between the two parties has recently intensified due to the controversial proposal. 这个具争议性的提案造成了两党间最近紧绷的形式升高。 The coach intensified the teams training by adding more time to their practices. 教练增加球队的练习时间来加强训练。 proceed (v) 进行,开展 Preparations for the wedding banquet are proceeding very smoothly. 婚宴的预备进行的非常顺利。 proceed to do something 进行下一件事情 He put on his glassed and proceeded to read the novel. 他戴上眼镜之后开始读小说。 August 57 Historical People Nicolaus Copernicus: Moving Astronomy Forward 哥白尼的天文革命哥白尼的天文革命 History credits this astronomer with moving the earth This astronomer changed the way people understood the world 哥白尼这位天文学家改变了人类对世界的了解 by Chip Ewald - 10 - Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) changed the world by challenging the common beliefs of his time. He completely altered the way people thought about their world and the universe. Thanks to Copernicus theories, the entire Western world began to shift its perspective from an Earth-centered universe to a sun-centered system. The broadly educated student Copernicus was born into a wealthy merchant family in Poland in 1473. When his father died, 10-year-old Copernicus moved in with his uncle, who later became a Roman Catholic bishop. While raising Copernicus, his uncle directed both the boys advancement in the church and his education. Copernicus began his university studies at the University of Cracow where mathematics, astronomy and astrology sparked his interest. But he left before finishing his degree, as was common at the time, and went to work for the church in Frombork. Then he followed in his uncles footsteps by studying at the University of Bologna. While there, he lived with Domenico Maria Novara, the schools chief astronomy professor. Novara was probably the first person Copernicus had ever met who dared to challenge the 1,400-year-old conclusions of that eras paramount astronomer: Ptolemy. astronomy (n) 天文学 alter (v) 改变 perspective (n) 观点 broadly (adv) 广泛地 Roman Catholic Bishop 天主教主教 astrology (n) 占星术 spark (v) 鼓舞 paramount (adj) 极为重要的 More Information When you study history, not everything is neat and orderly. Copernicus nationality, for example, has been hotly debated for many years. It stems from the fact that Copernicus was living in a German speaking territory, which happened to belong to Poland. This is why some encyclopedias state Copernicus was Polish but others say Copernicus was a child of a German family under the authority of the Polish king. In Library K: So, how did you become a librarian? - 11 - A: Well, Ive always enjoyed reading and my aunt was a librarian. So when I was in high school, she suggested that I go into library science. So I decide to follow in her footsteps. K: You followed in her footsteps? So you walked with her to the library? A: No, Ken. Thats just an expression. If you follow in someones footsteps, you do the same job in your life as that person. K: Oh, so if my dad was a teacher and I b