（英语语言文学专业论文）从《简爱》两译本的比较看译者翻译立场的确立.pdf

3 中 文 摘 要 简爱是英国十九世纪女作家夏洛蒂勃朗特的代表作。小说中的女主人公 简爱具有独特的思想和个性, 夏洛蒂勃朗特成功地将一个敢于反抗,追求个性独 立,敢于争取自由平等的女性形象呈现在读者面前。这部小说的独特魅力影响了几代 中国的读者, 成为最受欢迎的外国文学作品之一。小说的作者用第一人称的叙述方 式, 采用细致的描述方式向读者娓娓道来。小说的故事情节离奇曲折, 跌宕起伏, 语言简练生动, 文笔流畅, 自问世以来, 简爱不仅被翻译成了多国文字, 而且 多次被改编成电影, 其影响远远超越了时代和地域的限制。 在我国,已经被翻译成数个版本, 其中李霁野的首次翻译的版本和祝庆英的广 为流传的版本最为突出, 本文尝试从译者的历史文化背景、译者的性别特点、译者 所采用的翻译策略三个方面进行比较,通过对简爱两译本全面的评析，指出不同 的意识形态，主流文化，历史时代都影响到译者的翻译策略和翻译观点，从而进一 步影响到译文。祝庆英的简爱译本出版发行于 1980 年，由上海译文出版社印刷 出版，后来又多次再版，多次重印。两位大家的译本都是很具影响力的译本，都是 出自名家之手。尽管这两个译本的翻译时间上相差了四十多年，翻译方法以及翻译 风格相差颇远，但是各有千秋。 本文尝试从译者的历史文化背景、译者的性别特点、译者所采用的翻译策略三 个方面进行比较,通过对简爱两译本全面的评析，指出不同的意识形态，主流文 化，历史时代都影响到译者的翻译策略和翻译观点，从而进一步影响到译文，同时 对译本从文化、语言和风格上加以分析，来证实本文作者的观点，不同时代的译本， 都是要能体现时代的要求、忠实地反映出译者的翻译观，而新一代的译者，也可以 考虑上述种种因素，以使自己的译文更符合时代需求。最后得出的结论是, 不同的 时代特点铸就了译者不同的翻译立场, 从而也就决定了不同的翻译策略的运用。就 目前的读者水平来看, 祝庆英的版本更适合现代读者的阅读需求。 关键词：简爱； 背景； 立场的确立 1 abstract since the publication of jane eyre in 1947, charlotte brontes best literary works, which has been considered one of the most popular of all english classic novels. in this novel, charlotte bronte displays an outstanding talent in language by her flexible usage of various linguistic devices. all such semantic and stylistic features, as the original diction with rich cultural information, various syntactic structures and graceful language, distinguishes the novel from other works and meanwhile brings to great difficulty in the procedure of translation from english into chinese. therefore, the study of the chinese versions of jane eyre will be of great value to the study of literary translation. this thesis makes a careful analysis and comparison of the two chinese versions of jane eyre, which are translated by li jiye and zhu qingying respectively. the translation reviews goes forward from four aspects: the theory of translation strategy, the influence of social and cultural backgrounds, the influence of translators gender difference, the establishment of different translation strategies. as to the influence of social and cultural backgrounds , this thesis compares the backgrounds of the two versions from two aspectsthe social background and the cultural background in which the translation was translated. secondly, the influence of the translators gender. feminists have their own understanding and explanation about many basic theoretical problems. it includes: translation philosophyto make a breakthrough about the traditional dichotomy; translation standardto conform the demands of woman; translation purposeto extend female speaking right; translation strategiesto make women visible in langue; translation methodsto rewrite the original texts according to feminist style; translators status equal with writers; the relationship between original and translationequal and complementary. thirdly, the establishment of translation methods adopted by the two translators are compared based on the theory of andre 2 lefevere. all translators, whether consciously or unconsciously, would base their work on certain principles of translation. under the guidance of these principles, translators decide what they should do and how the translation should be done. a careful study of the translators principles will help us examine their translation works. thus the two different methods adopted by the two translators will be compared according to two different translation methods. in this thesis, the author studies the application of a few translation strategies, which include nidas strategies of domestication, venutis strategies of foreignization and andre lefeveres manipulation theory. through the comparison, the present author finds that the two translators take advantage of two different translation strategies to deal with the same works. and the differences give a concrete performance to certain linguistic phenomena and style of the whole version. the author draws a conclusion that the translators standpoint decided the versions style and the linguistic features and all these are related to then social conditions of the translators times. although the two translations have different influences on the readers. as for modern readers, the zhus version is more suitable than the lis version. literary translation is a kind of re-creation. the highest level of literary translation is to achieve the closest natural equivalence in meaning and style. absolute equivalence is impossible because of the differences between english and chinese, the closest natural equivalent translation is the aim that translators search for. key words: jane eyre; background; establishment of standpoint 4 chapter one introduction 1.1 introduction to charlotte bronte and her works charlotte bronte was the english woman novelist, born in thornton, yorkshire, in the north of england in 1816. she was the third child in a family of one boy and five girls. her father was an anglican clergyman. her family moved to haworth amid the yorkshire moors in 1820. charlotte attended the clergy daughters school at cowan bridge in 1824. she came back home next year because of the inclement conditions. laterly she went to school at roe head in 1831, where she worked as a teacher after graduation. after that, she served as governess twice. in 1846 she and her two sisters published a volume of the collected poems, poems by acton bell currer, ellis and currer. by this time she had finished her first novel the professor, but it never found a publisher during her lifetime. in 1847 her novel jane eyre was published with a great success. later shirley(1849) and villette(1853) came into being publicated. she died in 1855. in her three principal novels, jane eyre, shirley and villette, charlotte bronte shows herself an image of critical realist who attacks greed, petty tyranny and lack of culture among the bourgeoisie and sympathizes with the sufferings of the poor people. 1.2 about jane eyre jane eyre, charlotte brontes best literary production, is written in the form of a fictional autobiography. in the novel, charlotte bronte drew a great deal from her own life experience. her sufferings in the boarding school at cowan bridge and her life as a governess were all reflected in the novel. in jane eyre, she created the image of a powerful, passionate young woman who had been seeking independence and equal status in society. young jane eyre was orphaned and sent to live with her uncle mr. reed, who died shortly after her arrival. then she was delivered to mrs. reed. mrs. reed and her children treated jane with cruelty. mental and bodily sufferings aroused her to fight against the family, as a result, she was sent to lowood institution, a charity school where she was maltreated by the authorities and led a half-starved existence. there she passed eight years as a student and two years as a teacher. then she left the school and became a governess at a house called thornfield, where she fell in love with her employer, mr. rochester. when 5 they were going through their wedding ceremony in church, the sudden revelation broke it up that mr. rochester had a wife alive though a lunatic. shocked by the news, jane fled away from the house. she went through a lot of hardships until reverend st. john rivers and his two sisters generously took her in. she lived with them anonymously. it was only by accident that she learned that she was left a good fortune by john eyre, one of her distant relatives and that the rivers were her cousins. they shared the fortune. janes disposition, character and ability made john rivers think her a suitable wife for his missionary work in a foreign land. he admitted that he did not love her, but he thought she was cute. jane felt she must fulfill her duty, but she did not want to marry rivers. one night, jane heard rochesters voice calling her. she returned to thornfield only to find that rochester was blinded and maimed in a big fire that had destroyed his property and his mad wife. in the end, jane and rochester were married and the couple lived together happily. this novel exposed the hypocrisy of english charity, criticized the money-means-everything viewpoint of capitalists, satirized the marriage based on money, and showed the nature of true love. above all, the remarkable is that the heroine jane pursued freedom, equality and self-realization of a woman. written in a convincing prose style, it is a work of fiction with profound ideas, memorable characters and lively scenes. appealing to the readers both in the head and in the heart, jane eyre gains over its flaws and remains a classic of the nineteenth-century english literature and one of the most popular masterworks of all english novels. 1.3 translation of jane eyre in china jane eyre is an passionate novel written by charlotte bronte, which is based on her own life experience, she tells a love story of jane eyre, a plain but sparkling governess. it created a brave female image who can persevere her own opinion and her own standpoint which she disagree with. just because the reason, the image was admired and respected by chinese readers and the classic works was translated by many translators sonly. it accept great enthusiasm by chinese readers after being publicated. since the publication of the novel, it intraged a number ofit has never stopped engaging readers generation after generation who find the value of development and 6 self-awareness. chinese readers find themselves cherishing the spirit of independence of jane eyre. the popularity of the novel results in publication of chinese translations of jane eyre. there are many chinese versions of the famous literature works. among these translation versions, li jiyes and zhu qingyings versions are noticeable. li jiye translated the first complete version, which appears firstly as a serial by world literature, and then in whole with the title of jian ai zi zhuanby culture and life press. later it is published again with a changed name jian ai 简爱 . li jiye polishes up the translation of jane eyre in the 1980s. li jiyes version is popular among the readers and obtains a great success. zhu qingyings (祝庆英) version is published by shanghai yi wen press. readers sing the high and valuable praise for our expected zhus version. readers acceptance sewed also demonstrates its devalued its success. how to appreciate paper question and choose the establishment chinese versions beloved of jane eyre becomes the most pressed a problem of interest for readers. therefore, a lot of interesting articles magazine century on translations of jane eyre come out. the two excellent translation versions being detected chosen by the writer of this thesis rest with are respectively opposition translated by li jiye and zhu qingying, which are well-done described as lis version and zhus version chosen cellebrate for convenience in the reality following come true chapters. lis version of jane eyre appeared in the 1930s, when we found the world the threaten by north third translation high tide, the translation of subterraneous similar western learning, just contextual ended in china. zhu translated advise the original revision novel into chinese supervise at the end of 1970s and made it evidence video granary exogamy aggravate multiplex triplex primacy primal published in 1980 by rodent shanghai yi wen press. as the translators experienced and skillful beloved by the public translators, both have made the many classic and excellent excellent achievements in translation and have a multitude a lot of readers. their memorable translations were finished in the hospitalized fluent tendency in different times, therefore, they deposition appreciate have thecompete petition centripetal telephone same feeling as opposed to us contrasting style in linguistic and translational strategies. a comparative study in the same time we always admired at the level of culture that is to say shows that li jiye had a these defend restless tendency to adopt domestication while zhu qingying tended to choose foreignization. the 7 analyses at the level of language, style and culture are made in a descriptive way to demonstrate the reasons that cause the differences of different versions due to the different exterior factors such as the historical background, ideology, patronage, the translators gender and the translators translation principle and strategy. 1.3.1 introduction of two translators introduction to li jiye among the various chinese versions of jane eyre, the first complete translation was made by li jiye in 1930s, which still has a great influence on modern readers. li jiye, a famous writer and translator in china, was born in the early days of the 20th century. when he was young, he was sent to an old-style school to have primary education, which allowed him have the access to chinese classics. later, he enrolled a college, after entering the normal school, he sonly was attracted by thee thought of mr. luxun. he found lunxuns opinion was in accordance with hie dream, and of course, he liked to read the pioneer magazine created by luxun. unnamed society existed for six or seven years and made a great contribution to the introduction of foreign literature works. during this period, lu xuns opinion about translation had a great influenced on him. then li jiye went to work in the english department of hebei normal school in tianjin. in 1934 he accomplished translating jane eyre. in 1935 he went to england and translated many english classical works. in the following thirty years he worked in the foreign language institute of nankai university and still kept on with his translation work. all together, his translated works are nearly five million characters, including many world-famous literary works such as jane eyre, war and peace and my family . he passed away in 1997. the time of li jiye, when he was translating jane eyre, is an era of great change in chinese history, when chinese people were bearing the three oppressions of imperialism feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism. it was also an era of educational reforms and fundamental cultural innovation . china went through a large-scale cultural collision with the western world， which cause a series of movements: the literary revolution(文学革命), the new culture movement(新文化运动)，and the may fourth movement(五四运动). living in such a turbulent times, li jiye was influenced deeply by the time background and became one of the advanced men of letters. the literary revolution abolished the classical style of writing and established a vernacular written language known as “plain 8 speech(白话)”，which gained immediate popularity and contributed to the flourish and spread of the new literature was consistent with the realities of contemporary life. deeply influenced by lu xun, li jiye followed lus advocacy all the translators should consider two parts: one is the translator must make his translation versions easy and clear to understand; the other part is that he should try to remain the form and spirit of the original work. 1 for lis version, the dominant discourse of that time where he live is the plain speech. so li took this new and fashionable approach of that time and tried to be loyal to both the contents and the syntactical form. hence, the new and fashionable approach resulted in the europeanized syntax of the chinese language(欧化汉语) though his version reads rigid with long sentences and heavy attributives, it satisfies the requirements of those promising youth who are anxious to learn the new culture and thoughts from the west. due to the war-ridden times, most of his translated works are mainly revolutionary literary works, including jane eyre. his version of jane eyre has won high comment from famous writers, lu xun, mao dun and hu shi, and still enjoys great popularity among present readers. and whats more, the 1982 revised edition of jane eyre, which was published by the peoples publishing house of shanxi province, was much more readable for contemporary readers in the present period, which also proves its importance in chinese translation history. zhu qingying and her translation in 1980s zhu qingying is a famous female translator in china. in 1951，she graduated as an english major from shanghai st. johns university. she was well-known for its english teaching at that time. from 1953, she worked successively as an editor in shanghai ping min publishing house, shanghai new literature and art publishing house, shanghai literature and art publishing house, shanghai branch of peoples literature publishing house, shanghai people publishing house and shanghai translation publishing house. as a master of english and spanish, she devoted herself to the career of foreign literature translation. jane eyre has long enjoyed great popularity in china, and it has many different chinese versions, among which the version translated by zhu qingying and 1鲁迅在 “题未定”草一文中说： “凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存原作的丰姿” ，转 引自陈玉刚中国翻译文学史稿 ，173，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1989. 9 published by shanghai translation publishing house has always been well ahead of the other versions in sales. zhu qingyings chinese version of jane eyre was accomplished in 1980, and later has been reprinted many times because of the great influence in the field of translation and the popularity among the readers. it is well- known as a translation works of high quality. zhu qingyings version was accomplished at the end of 1970s, when china was just free from the ten-year calamity and the chinese people began to devote every effort to reform and openness. against this specific social background, the translation in china took on a new look of prosperity. a great number of excel