人教版高三英语复习--阅读理解 PPT课件.ppt

高考复习之,阅读理解,一、考试大纲对学生阅读能力的要求,1、能把握阅读材料的主要线索、时间和空间顺序。,2、掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。,3、理解文中具体信息：既能理解具体事实，也能理解抽象概念。,4、根据材料所提供的信息通过上下文推断生词的词义。,5、能够根据材料所提供的信息，根据学生应有的知识正确做出简单推理和判断。,概说,6、理解文章基本结构，能够理解某句、某段的含义，并能把握全篇的文脉，并以此进行推理和判断。,7、既要理解字面的意义，也要理解深层次含义，也就是理解作者的意图和态度。,二、英语新课程标准中阅读能力的六个指标,1、能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度。2、能识别不同文体的特征。3、能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句。4、能在教师帮助下欣赏浅显的文学作品。5、能根据学习任务的需要从电子读物和网络中获取信息并进行加工处理。6、除教材外，课外阅读量累计应达到36万个词汇以上。,概说,1.先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉胳，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。2.细读全文，认真推敲：针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词，它们既是测试的重点，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。3.复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。,概说,三、阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项,1.所选有据，避免主观：阅读他人之作，理解他人之意，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进了它的陷阱；若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题也必错无疑。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”。2.符合原文的答案=正确答案最佳答案。阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。3.解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善思，要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度。同时也要探索和总结适合自己的学习方法或技巧。实践出真知，多练出效益.能力思维方法.,概说,四、注意事项：,1、分清文体议论文:找主题句(文章的开头/中间/结尾)说明文:说明什么道理/原理/事由夹叙夹议文:通过叙述说明什么人生哲理,2、选择概括性/哲理性的答案，不选择细节性的信息；选择与主题句意思最接近的选项。,概说,TIPS,即通过阅读全文，对文中叙述的事实、细节进行理解或判断。主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。在阅读理解题中，细节理解题所占比例最大。,细节理解性题,细节理解性题,细节理解题可以分为,1、直接信息题：可以在原文中直接找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表达上没有大的变化，有时仅仅在表达方式上稍作变化。做此类题时，考生可先看文后的题目，带着问题去阅读短文，采用“对号入座的方法，找到原文中的关键信息与题目进行对照。2、间接信息题：需要对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，然后在作进一步的推理或鉴别。3、综合信息题：此类题目不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及为文章的某一段落，他们散落在文章的不同地方。要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来加以分析，而不能“断章取义”，更不能“张冠李戴”。,Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?What/which/who/where/when/why/how?,常见的题干设置方式有,（1）从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧在文章中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后，把这一部分内容阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。（2）.把握文章主题与细节以及不同细节之间的关系（3）.确定答案后回归原文，根据原文中某一答案的直接或间接的依据，仔细进行事件发生先后顺序的排列，对有关数字进行简单的运算或罗列一下文中所叙事实的细节，从而验证答案。,解题技巧：,1.HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialschool?2.Adriansparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschoolbecause.3.HowdidAdrianfinallysucceedinhisstudy?4.WhyisAdrianslifedescribedasan“AmazingRace”?,阅读题干,Passage1,Adrians“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldnthearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaspecialschoolforthehearing-impaired(听觉受损的)，helearnedsignlanguageandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicatingwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.Lateron,Adriansparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool.Buttheheadmastertriedtopreventthemfromdoingso,sayingregularschoolcouldnttakecareofaspecialneedsstudents.Hisparentsweredeterminedtotaketheriskandpushhimhardtogothroughhisworkeverydaybecausetheywantedtoprovethat,giventheopportunity,hecoulddoanything.Adrianmadethegradeandgotaccepted.Itwasabigchallenge.Thepace（节奏）wasfastersohehadtositatthefrontoftheclassandreallypayattentiontotheteacher,whichwasntalwayseasy.Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.Adriangraduatedwithgoodgradesandgotintoatophighschool.Healsoachievedalotinlifeoutsideschool.HedevelopedalovefortheoutdoorsandwenttoNepaltoclimbmountains.HeevenenteredtheWorldYachtRace05/06-beingthefirsthearing-impairedAsiantodoso.Butnoneoftheseachievementswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutoneofthemostimportantlessonsfromhismother.”“Ifyoubelieveinyourselfandworkhard,youcanachievegreatresults.”Sheoftensaid.,1,2,3,4,这是一篇关于一位听障青年（ahearing-impairedyoungman）自强不息的励志故事,其中包括了母亲的呕心沥血，永不言弃的决心。本文呼吁家庭和社会应对残疾人有关爱之心，同时也在无形当中起到了鼓励青少年永不言败，自强不息。,分析,1.HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialschool?A.Byspeaking.B.ByusingsignlanguageC.ByreadinglipsD.Bymakingloudnoises2.Adriansparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschoolbecause.A.theywantedhimtoliveanormallifeB.theywantedtoprovetheheadmasterwrongC.hewouldntmixwithotherdisabledchildrenD.hewasnttakengoodcareofinthespecialschool3.HowdidAdrianfinallysucceedinhisstudy?A.Hedidalotofoutdooractivities.B.Hewaspushedhardtostudyeveryday.C.Heattendedprivateclassesafterschool.D.Heworkedveryhardbothinandafterclass4.WhyisAdrianslifedescribedasan“AmazingRace”?A.HedidverywellinhisstudyB.HesucceededinenteringaregularschoolC.HereachedhisgoalsinspiteofhisdisabilityD.HetookpartintheWorldYachtRace05/06,1.答案：B。细节判断题。根据文章的第一段的第二句话可得出答案。,2.答案：A。细节判断题。C选项具有一定的迷惑性，父母亲并不是因为校长的话而把儿子送往学校的，所以他不是母亲作出此决定的原因。C与D明显错误。无论把儿子送往“privateclasses”还是“aregularschool”都是想让儿子过上正常的生活。,3.答案：D。细节理解题。做对本题的关键是要看清题目中的“inhisstudy”,否则就容易误选。在根据第二段的最后一句话“Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.”可推断出答案。,4.答案：C。综合细节题。A、B、C涉及到的都是表层上的内容。,1.Itismentionedinthepassagethatwaspsaremorelikelytoattackwhen_.2.Allendidntknowthatifstungbywaspsagain,hewould_.3.Allenfailedathisfirstattempttosendhismessagetothemini-buscenterbecause_.,阅读题干,Passage2,OneAugustafternoon,RichardAllendroppedoffhislastpassenger,Mrs.Carey.Liftingtwogrocerybags,hefollowedheracrosstheyardandstoodonthestepofherhouse.Glancingup,hesawalargewasp(黄蜂)nestundertheroof.Allenhadheardthatwaspscanbecomemorelikelytosting(sting,sting,stung蜇)insummer.HementionedthistoMrs.Carey,whohadopenedthedoor.“Oh,theydontbotherme,”shesaidlightly.“Igoinandoutallthetime.”Anxiously,Allenlookedatthenestagaintoseethewaspsflyingstraightathim.“Hurry!”heshoutedtoMrs.Carey.“Getin!”Shesteppedquicklyinside.Allenranforhismini-bus.Toolate;theywereuponhim.Justashejumpedaboard,halfadozenredspotsshowedonhisarm,andhefeltmoreonhisbackandshoulders.Ashewasdrivingdowntheroad,Allenfeltasifsomethingwasburningatthebackofhisneck,andthe“fire”wasspreadingforwardtowardhisface.Andimmediateanxietytookholdofhim.Allenknewthatstingscouldcausesomepersonstodie.Buthehadbeenstungtheprevioussummerandtheafter-effectssoonpassed.However,whathedidntknowwhatthatthefirststinghadturnedhisbodyintoatimebombwaitingforthenexttosetoffanexplosion.,1,2,Milesfromthenearestmedicalassistance,Allenbegantofeelhistonguethickandheavyandhisheartbeatlouder.Mostfrightening,hefelthisbreathingmoreandmoredifficult.Hereachedfortheradiomike(话筒),tryingtocallthemini-buscenter,buthiswordswerehardlyunderstandable.Signalswerealsopoorthatfarout.Heknewarescueteamwason24-hourdutyattheAmherstFireDepartmentsnorthstation.Sohisbestchancewastomakearunforit.Rushingdownthemountain,Allentriednottopanic,focusinghismindoneachsharpturn.Hewasalmostthroughthelastofthemwhenhefeltsurehewasgoingintoshock(休克).Justthenhereachedfortheradiomikeagain.“Callfirestation,”heshouted,concentratingtoformthewords.“Emergency.Beesting.Emergency.Thereintenminutes.”“Five-ten,”thecenterreplied.Holdon,Allenthought.Keepyoureyesopen.Breathe.Keepawake.Atlasthereachedthestation.Twofiremenranout.Allenfelttheirhandsgrasphimbeforehehittheground.Youmadeit,hethought.,3,1.Itismentionedinthepassagethatwaspsaremorelikelytoattackwhen_.A.therearehugenoisesB.strangersareapproachingC.theairisfilledwithfoodsmellD.thehottestseasoncomesaround2.Allendidntknowthatifstungbywaspsagain,hewould_.A.havenoafter-effectsB.sufferfromsharperpainC.surelylosehislifeD.becomemoresensitive3.Allenfailedathisfirstattempttosendhismessagetothemini-buscenterbecause_.A.hewasunabletospeakclearlyB.hisradioequipmentwaspoorC.hewasinastateofshockD.noonewasonduty,1.D细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句话,2.C细节理解题倒数第五段最后一句,3.A细节理解题。根据倒数第六段,推理判断题,要求考生根据作者提供的信息，进行推理，得出结论，从而达到真正理解文章的目的。在推理时，考生必须理解词句的深层含义，同时注意作者特定的写作意图并且利用文章中明确表达的内容进行推理，挖掘文章中的隐含意义。,考题设置方式,1.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.2.Thestorysuggeststhat_.3.Thewriterofthepassageintendsto_.4.Thewriterspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_.5.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_.6.Thewriterofthepassageconsidersit_.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthecharacterof?,答题技巧,1.吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。2.对文章的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理和复合逻辑的推理；3.忠于原文，一文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知。不能主观臆断，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。4.把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。,TheauthorseemstotellusinParagraph1that_.2.Whentheauthorturnedfifty,peoplearoundhim_.3.Theauthorconsidershisfiftyyearsoflife_.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.,阅读题干,Irecentlyturnedfifty,whichisyoungforatree,midlifeforanelephant,andancientforasportsman,FiftyisanicenumberforthestatesintheUSorforanationalspeedlimitbutitisnotanumberthatIwaspreparedtohavehungonme.Fiftyissupposedtobemyfathersage.butnowIamstuckwiththisnumberandeverythingitmeans.Afewdaysago,afriendtriedtocheermeupbysaying,“Fiftyiswhatfortyusedtobe.Hehadmadeaninspirationalpoint,AmIoverthehill?Peoplekeeptellingmethatthehillhasbeenmoved,andIkeeptellingthemthathehigh-jumpbarhasdroppedfromthesixfeetIonceeasilyclearedtothefourfeetthatisimpossibleformenow.“Youarenotgettingolder,youaregettingbetter.”saysDr.JoyceBrothers.This,however,isthekindofdoctorwhoinspiresasecondopinion.Andso.asIapproachthedaywhenIcannotevenjumpoverthetennisnet.Iammovestosharesomethoughtsonagingwithyou.Iammovedtoshowhowagingfeelstomephysicallyandmentally.Gettingolder，ofcourse,isobviouslyabetterchangethantheonethatbringsyoueulogies(悼词).Infact,apoetnamedRobertBrowningconsidereditthebestchangeofall:Growoldalongwithme!Thebestisyettome.WhetherornotBrowningwasright,mostofmyfirstfiftyyearshavebeengoldenones,soIwillsettleforwhatisaheadbeingasgoodaswhathasgoneby.Ifindmyselfmovingtowardwhatisaheadwithacuriou