人教 英语 必修2 第3单元 语法 课件.ppt

Unit1WomenofachievementLearningaboutlanguage,高一人教新课标版必修四,1Findthewordorphrasefromthepreviouspagesofthisunitforeachofthesemeanings.,1._closeconnectionthatpeoplehavewitheachother.2._homemadeinatreeusuallyforabird.,bond,nest,Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions,3._organizationwithaspecialpurpose,especiallyforresearchorteaching4._(ofthoughts,questions,etc)tofillonesmind.5._theperiodoftimewhensomeoneisachild,institute,crowdin,childhood,6._givingopinionsopenlyandhonestly7._tomoveawayfromaplace;toleave8._happinessandhealthofpeople;moneypaidbythegovernment9._taskthatrequiresalotoftimeandeffort.,outspoken,moveoff,welfare,project,2Fillinthechartwiththeproperverbornounform.,behave,achievement,connection,organization,specialist,advertise,observe,argue,permission,inspire,Shesawmyfriendandignoredhimashedancedhappily.Shesawmyfriendand_himashedancedhappily.2.Heknewwhathewasdoinganditwasnotworthit.Heknewwhathewasdoingbutitwas_.3.Itisusualforpeopletoagreeaboutthepriceofanewcar.Itisusualforpeopleto_aboutthepriceofanewcar.4.Manypeoplelookdownuponthepoorerpeopleoftheworld.Manypeople_thepoorerpeopleoftheworld.,observed,worthwhile,argue,respect,Replacethered-coloredwordswithwordsofoppositemeanings,Subjectverbagreement,Grammar,OurvisittotheAfricanforest,Thegroup:,Thechimpfamily:,isaveryhappyone.,aregoingtomeetusattheforestgate.,ismadeupofstudents.,aregoingtovisitthechimpsthissummervacation.,Theboy_diving.,They_diving.,BothJackandTim_diving.,Allofthem_diving.,NeitherJacknorTim_walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finishthefollowingexercises.,Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.,is,Aknifeandfork_usedtohavemeals.,is,Bob,Bob_aworker.,is,Mike,MikeandBob_workers.,are,BothMikeandBob_workers.,are,NeitherMikenorBob_ateacher.,is,Neitherofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,Noneofthem_(know)howtoteachEnglish.,knows/know,Neitheroftherabbits_handsome.,Neitherdog_big.,Neitherofthem_big.,is,is/are,Neitherrabbit_handsome.,is,is/are,主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,二、意义一致原则,三、就近原则,一、语法一致原则,一、语法一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g.Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.Weoftenhelpeachother.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语,谓语动词用复数。,二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语形式为复数,而意义为单数,谓语动词用单数。如：Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包围了这位政府官员。Mathsishardtolearn.数学难学。,三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。,注意:1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词有以下两种情况:1)and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不饶人。,2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物,或指同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。如:表整体概念的并列结构breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorder配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadTheknifeandforkisonthedesk.刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主语后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语时,谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.,is,3.如果主语是不定式,动词-ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起来很重要。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。,4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数。Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有些话要说。,6.不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主语时,谓语动词视情况而定。可用单数,也可用复数;但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。Alltheapplesarerotten.Alltheappleisrotten.Noneofusare/isperfect.Noneofthemoneyisleft.,7.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Someoneiscallingyou.有人叫你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋里找不到什么东西。,8.名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数;而形复义单的名词如news,以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics,politics,国名如theUnitedStates;报纸名如theNewTimes;书名如GreatExpectations远大前程,以及theUnitedNations作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,如：Thescissorsaresharp.Nonewsisgoodnews.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.,9.集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数,强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground等。Hisfamilyisgoingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。,10.有些名词单复数形式相同,作主语时,谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：Noteverymeansisuseful.并非每种方法都有效。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。,11.表示一类人的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thesickintheaccidenthavebeentakentothehospital.Thelosthavebeenfound.,12.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时,不管单复数形式,其谓语动词用单数。如：Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.30年的时间并不长。Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。,13.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof以及分数词等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数,即就近原则。如：Apartofthestudentshavearrived.Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.,14.在表存在的therebe句式中,主语是两个或多个并列名词(短语),be的形式与最近的一个名词(短语)保持一致。Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.,15.由here,there等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：Herecomesthebus.Hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.,16.用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：NeitheryounorIamwrong.NeitherInoryouarewrong.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoylisteningtothemusic.,Thefamily_(be)verybig.Thefamily_(be)earlyrisers.,2.Thisclass_(have)eighteengirlsandtwenty-fiveboys.Thisclass_(be)verybright,especiallyinsciencesubjects.,is,are,has,are,Fillintheblanks:,3.Thegovernment_(be)madeupofsixhighofficials.Thegovernment_(be)havinganimportantmeetingwhenIgotthere.Thegovernment(be)planningfurthercutsinincometax.,4.Itwaslate,buttheaudience_(be)stillenteringthehall.Theaudience_(be)dressedindifferentways.,is,were,were,were,Fillintheblanks:,are,5.Thepolice(be)anorganizationwhichprotectsthepublicfromharmThepolice(be)peoplewhocatchthievesandrobbers.6.Thepublic(be)veryexcitednowthattheconcerthallisfinished.Itwasunfairthatthepublic(be)notaskedfortheiropinions.,is,are,is,were,用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Heaswellashistwofriends_(be)goingforapicnicthisSaturday.2.Accordingtothereport,threehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_(be)goodforoneshealth.,is,is,3.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_(visit)amuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.4.70percentofthestudentsinourclass_(be)girls.5.Mostofhistime_(spend)oncomputergamesinthepast.,wasvisiting,are,wasspent,6.Thefootballteam_(be)madeupof22playersandtheteam_(be)veryyoung.7.Everymanandeverywoman_(ask)tohelpwhentheearthquakebrokeout.8.Eitherheoryou_(be)interestedinplayingfootballinourclass.,wasasked,are,are,is,9.Atpresentthepolice_(look)forthelostboywhosetrousers_(be)blue.10.Physics_(be)difficulttolearnandeverymeans_(try)toimproveit.,arelooking,is,are,hasbeentried,Oneortwodays_enoughtoseethecityA.isB.areC.amD.be2.NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindA.isB.areC.amD.be,Choosethebestanswer.,A,C,3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherA.isB.areC.amD.be4.Nottheteacher,butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmA.isB.areC.amD.be,B,B,5.NobodybutBettyandMary_latef