中考英语阅读理解解题指导最实用ppt课件

TheSkillsofreadingcomprehension,WelcometoTheReadingKingdom!,1,考查事实细节：,猜测生词含义：,推理判断：,归纳主旨大意：,推测作者的态度、意图和目的：,阅读理解考查题型,2,（一）事实性细节题,对时间、地点、特征、方式、数字等的寻找对原因、结果、事实的正确理解常用提问方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong).?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true?,通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误,3,1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.,B,4,事实理解题解题技巧：,事实细节题一般在:1文中有原句；2找相关信息进行比对;3找近义词或同义句;4进行简单数学计算;在读文章时把这些信息划下来,5,（二）猜测词义,词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、词组或句子含义的题型。常见的提问方式有：1)Theword.refersto_2)Tbablymeans_,6,1、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：be,becalled,mean，破折号或定语从句等来表示。,Well,Iverelearnedit.IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessesofothersandtotakepleasureintheday.Thatstheheartofthewatermelon.“theheartofthewatermelon”refersto_.A.thebestpartofthewatermelon.B.thewritersbusylifeC.thewritersdecisionofmakingmoney.D.thewritershopeofenjoyinglife.,D,7,2、根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断,Astheygoaroundtown,theyhelppeople.Whentheyfindlostchildren,theytakethechildrenhome.Iftheyseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Oftenpeopleaskthemhowtogettoaplaceintown.Inthetext,“putanendto”means_A.stopB.cutC.killD.fly,A,8,Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽,D,and,3、根据关联词来猜测,9,3、根据关联词来猜测表示因果关系的：表示同义关系的：表示反义关系的：,because,as,since,for,so,asaresult,and,like,justasthesameas.,but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of),10,演练1,Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”Nowwhensomeoneletsoutasecret,he“letsthecatoutofthebag.”Q:Johnletsthecatoutofthebag”meansheA.makeseveryoneknowasecret.B.thewomanboutacat.C.buysacatinthebag.D.sellsthecatinthebag.,A,11,实战演练2,Ifyouwanttobeamusician,youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs,suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucanthaveastablefamilylife.Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces,somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stable”meaninChinese?_A.幸福的B.稳定的C.健康的,B,12,（三）推理判断考查逻辑推理能力、语言分析能力和综合归纳能力。,下面哪些方式属于推理判断题？Wecaninfer(推断)fromthestorythat_Whatsthepassagemainlyabout?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_Accordingtothestory,whatwouldhappennext?Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?,_,13,1、事实推理：先在文章中找出据以推断的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。,Secondly,anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual.Peopledontwanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife.Asaresult,manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe“bad”news.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV?_Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool.Yourteacherhasgotacold.Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasntbeencaught.Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost.,C,danger,bad,14,Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,“Excuseme.”ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”mean?_DontcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeopleDontstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.,D,15,解题技巧：推断题在文章无法直接找到答案，须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上，运用逻辑推理的方法，综合主旨句、主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞，作出总结性的判断。同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象,16,（四）归纳主旨大意:主要包括主题思想、写作意图、文章的题目等,常见的提问方式有：(1）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_(3)Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea?(4)Thepassageismainlyabout_(5)Thebesttitleforthestoryis_(6)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?,17,Canyoufindthetopicsentence?,Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive.Nothinglivesalone.Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup,andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind.Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother,oneeatsandtheotheriseaten.Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive,andtogethertheyformafoodchain.Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears.,18,2.Readingisagoodhabit,buttheproblemis,therestoomuchtoreadthesedays,andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit.Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime.HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood.,_,_,解题技巧：此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文。要确定文章的主题思想，最重要的是要找到主题句。主题句一般在段首或段尾，有时也在中间。,19,3.DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorputtheireffortsintocharityworkinChina?Hereletsknowsomeofthem.,Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?_A.Chinesecharitywork.B.CharityworkofsomeChineseartists.C.SomefamousChineseartists.D.OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists.,B,_,20,（五）作者的意图、态度和目的题,1、作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来。常见的提问方式有：(1)Whatisthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage?(2)Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat_(3)Whatisthewritersmainpoint?(4)Whatisthewritersattitudetowards?(5)Inthepassagethewritertriestotellusthat_(6)Thewritersuggest(暗示)that_(7)Thewriterwantstoprovethat_,题目都是围绕作者的意图、目的和态度,21,解题技巧:正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词，同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案，学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把你自己的态度渗透其中。TodayIcanironprettywell.Iknowwheretostartonashirtandtherightwaytodothetrousers.NowwhenIthinkaboutit,Idontthinksheisanoldlady.Ithinshemighthavebeenaboutmyagenow.Anyway,whenIiron,IthinkofherandsilentlythankherforallthethingsIlearned.Nowthewriter_A.isstillafraidoftheladyB.hatesthestrictlady.C.admiresthedisabledlady.D.isverygratefultothelady.,D,22,Readthepassageandfinishtheexercises,Happinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessdontbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeanshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcantbeboughtbymoney.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahighpositioninthegovernment.Thesepeoplevalue(重视)theirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy.,23,Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier.Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture,forexample,gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjobthatwedontenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylifessimplepleasures,suchasreadingagoodbook,listeningtoyourfavoritemusic,orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives.Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports.Peoplecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities.Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Accordingtostudies,peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier,dosomethingniceforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies,goshoppingtogetfoodforanoldneighbor,orsimplyhelparoundthehouse.Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness!,24,()1.Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan_.()2.Theunderlinedword“wealthy”means_inthearticle.()3.Wecaninfer（推断）thatManypeoplefindithappyto_.()4.Thepassagemainlytellsus_.()5.Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople_,考查事实细节,归纳主旨大意,推理判断,猜测生词,推测作者的意图、态度、目的,25,表示因果关系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult表示同义关系的：and,like,justas表示反义关系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)等等。,（3）.根据关联词猜词,26,1.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint2.Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquitepolite.3.Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisasprettyasher.,(昏暗的）,(有礼貌的),(漂亮的),27,点击中考,Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_A.自来水B.大气C.冰川D.蒸汽,D,28,（4）根据生活经验及普通常识猜词,Chinaisourmotherland.Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.3.Itsreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.,(祖国),(育儿袋),(冻僵了的,麻木的,失去知觉的),29,2.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.,4.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.,Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.,Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.,5.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.,(富裕的，有钱的）,(有害的),(现实),3.Mymother-in-law,myhusbandsmother,wasateacher.,(婆婆),(无家可归的）,30,解题技巧,1.根据作者使用的词语的褒贬去判断作者的态度，正确理解反映作者态度和观点的关键词。2.要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度，不应把自己的态度渗透其中。,31,解题技巧：找主题句。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述、后分述的叙事方法，因此主题句大都在段首或篇首。用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末。,32,2.逻辑推理型2)根据计算判断,Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning(空调)at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours(千瓦时)ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,A,33,2.逻辑推理型1）根据常识判断,Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.,C,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,34,4.理解词句含义型,Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家B污染品C药品D.化学制品,D,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,35,常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?,一.阅读理解题目的设置方式：,3.归纳主旨句,36,Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext:,遇到生词要冷静,37,A.利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(小心地);write(写)rewrite(改写)。,un-;dis-;-less:;mis-:;re-:;-ern:-er,-or,-ist:;,2.根据“合成词”猜测。如school+bagschoolbagdown+stairsdownstairs,不无,错误,再,重复,重新,表方向,表示人,38,Exercises:Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords.,rebuildmodernizeman-madeunsafemisunderstan-ding,不安全的误解重建现代化人造的,39,1.Alotoftheworldsnaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.环境B.资源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼镜3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A.丰满B.苗条C.强壮4.Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A.口袋B.肩带C.纽扣,Exercises:Choosetherightanswer.,40,二.阅读理解解题方法,1.先看文章,再看试题.2.先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.(常用方法)三.阅读理解解题步骤1.扫读:即快速阅读,通览全文.发现关键句(特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句.2.细读:集中精力研读课文,分清文章体裁,把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个W,who,what,when,where,why)3.查读:认真检查,尽量减少答题错误.,41,Mr.andMrs.Bellareveryforgetful.Forexample,Mr.BellsometimesgoestohisofficeforworkonSundaymorning,forhethinksitisMonday.AndMrs.Bellsome-ti