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关键词：: 无负压供水方案设备设计 cad图纸

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无负压供水方案设备设计

23页 11000字数+说明书+任务书+外文翻译+5张CAD图纸【详情如下】

任务书.doc

原理图.dwg

外文翻译--城市供水系统中文版.doc

外文翻译--城市供水系统英文版.pdf

无负压供水方案设备设计论文.doc

法兰.dwg

真空抑制器.dwg

稳流罐.dwg

装配图.dwg

法兰.gif

稳流罐.gif

无负压供水方案设备设计.gif

原理图.gif

真空抑制器.gif

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　第一章绪论1

　　1.1 课题研究的目的和意义1

　　1.2 二次供水发展历史2

　　1.3国内外无负压供水研究现状4

　　1.4传统二次供水方式存在的问题5

　　1.5本课题的研究内容6

　　1.6本课题预计达到的目标6

　　1.7完成课题的方案和主要措施6

　　第二章无负压供水方案简介7

　　2.1方案的工作原理7

　　2.2方案的工作流程7

　　2.3 方案的适用范围8

　　2.4 方案的核心技术——无负压技术8

　　第三章设备的参数计算及设计10

　　3.1 稳流罐允许进水量的计算10

　　3.2 稳流罐调节容积计算12

　　3.3 稳流罐总容积的计算13

　　3.3 实例计算13

3.3.1工程概况13

　　　　3.3.2计算最大出水量14

　　　　3.3.3 确定水表特性系数14

3.3.4计算水泵扬程15

3.3.5水泵的选型15

3.3.6稳流罐容积的核算15

3.3.7 真空抑制器的设计16

　　总结17

无负压供水方案设备设计　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

摘要：近年来，随着科技的进步，二次供水设备作为一种新兴的二次供水产品，在节能和环保方面有独特的优势，无负压供水系统将市政供水管网和用户合并成为一个整体，在充分利用市政管网余压的情况下，进行变频无负压供水，即节水节电又可以防止二次污染。论文分析了无负压供水系统的组成、工作原理、工作流程、适用范围及其核心技术，即无负压技术。并对一高层住宅楼进行了实际的数据计算，根据所计算的数据设计选择不同型号的水泵和确定稳流罐的容积，并对稳流罐、真空抑制器等主要结构进行设计。

关键词：无负压、二次供水、节能、流量、扬程。

No negative pressure water equipment design program　　　

Abstract: In recent years, with advances in technology, secondary water supply equipment as anew secondary water supply products, energy saving and environmental protection has unique advantages, no negative pressure water supply system will be municipal water supply network and user merged into a whole, in the case of full use of the residual pressure in the municipal pipe network, no negative pressure frequency conversion water supply, water saving that can also prevent secondary pollution. This paper analyzes the composition of non-negative pressure water supply system, working principle, workflow, scope and its core technologies, namely non-vacuum techniques. And a high-rise residential building were actual data calculations, select different types of pumps and determine the steady flow tank volume calculated based on data design, and the main structure of the steady flow tank, vacuum suppressors design.

Keywords: No negative pressure、 Secondary water supply、Energy、Flow、Head

第一章绪论

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义

　　　水是自然界一切生命赖以生存的不可替代的物质，又是社会发展不可缺少的重要资源。目前，世界上 80 个国家或占全球 40%的人口严重缺水。据预测，今后 30 年内全球55%以上的人口将面临水荒。就我国而言，水资源不足尤其是人均占有量低已经成为我国的基本国情。而近年来，随着经济的快速增长，城市化建设的不断加快，人口的不断增加，土地需求日益紧张，高层建筑层出不穷。为满足建筑内部用水点对水量、水压和水质的要求，必须对自来水进行二次加压，因此，选择一种既能节水节能，又能保障供水安全的供水方式，这对降低建筑耗能、提高供水安全可靠性具有重要的意义。

　　　建筑内部给水系统是将城镇供水管网或自备水源的水引入室内，经配水管送至生活、生产和消防用水设备，并满足用水点对水量、水压和水质要求的冷水供应系统。从上世纪末开始，随着城市规模的不断扩大，城市建筑业得到突飞猛进的发展，10 层和10 层以上的住宅或建筑高度超过 24 米的其他民用建筑等高层建筑越来越多，使得城市的总用水量中，建筑内部用水占据的比例逐年增加，二次供水得到了更为广泛的应用。目前，我国城市自来水管网的压力在非用水高峰时，一般在 0.2MPa~0.35Mpa，此压力2值只能满足低层和多层建筑的供水需求，所以为了弥补市政供水管网压力的不足，高层建筑内部供水系统须使用二次加压设施以满足需求。

现有通常的供水方式都是将自来水放入蓄水池，然后由水泵将水从水池抽至屋顶的高位水箱，再由高位水箱向用户供水。这种供水方式存在严重的能量浪费问题：第一，将原本有压力能的水放到水池中变成了无压力能和势能的水，使得二次加压供水时需要更多的能量；第二，由于用水量是随时间变化的，大多数水泵并未在高效区运行，水泵低效率运行会浪费更多的电能。另外这种供水方式还存在严重的水质二次污染问题，据调查，各地二次供水主要水质指标都存在不同程度的超标。例如，深圳市对 274 个二次供水贮水池水质进行调查，合格率更低，经水池后余氯合格率不大于 30％，大体积水池的合格率只有 10.6％。兰州市目前使用二次供水的人口占全市总人口的近 70%，全市二次供水单位约 1200 家，二次供水设施约 1400 多个。2010 年，通过对兰州市 356 家单位的二次供水水质的调查发现，水样检测合格率为 68.35%，其中，游离性余氯合格率最低，仅为 57.31%，其次是细菌总数和总大肠菌群，合格率均低于 60%。迄今为止，发现至少有 10 余种传染病可以通过水传播，如伤寒、痢疾、霍乱等，一些病毒引起的病症也可以通过水进行传播。另外，水污染导致微量元素过多，容易引起身体器官的功能改变，严重的甚至会引起中毒。例如，l 998 年湖南省地税局办公楼工作人员集体腹泻，后被证实问题就是出在二次供水的水质上，而且是由细菌总数超标以及大肠菌群所致。长春市某生活小区不断有居民发生消化道疾病，经查，原来是屋顶水箱多

1.4 传统二次供水方式存在的问题　　

　　　总结以往的供水经验和实际工程，二次供水存在以下几个问题：

　　　1．投资大。传统二次供水都要修建水池，有的还要设置水箱，这就需要一定的成本。修建水池和水箱需占用一定的建筑面积，在如今土地价格高涨的今天，这又是个投资负担。此外，水池和水箱一般都有一些水质处理设施，从而加大了设备总投资，而且使用中要定期清洗，也增加了日常开支。

　　　2．水质二次污染严重。据调查，大部分水池和水箱由于管理不善，和其结构本身的原因，里面的贮水水质没有符合饮用水标准，水质污染相当严重，这将直接危害到人们的身体健康，因此饮用水卫生问题已成为急需解决的大问题。

　　　3．能量浪费严重。传统的二次供水是将自来水放入水池中，再从水池抽水至用水点，但是市政管网中的水具有一定的能量，也就是说这部分能量没有得到充分利用。

　　　4．水资源浪费严重。大多数水池采用混凝土结构，因此存在不同程度的渗水、跑水、漏水、蒸发等问题，造成水资源浪费。此外，水池、水箱要进行定期的清洗，这就又成一部分浪费。

1.5 本课题的研究内容　　

　　　无负压供水设备由智能型变频控制柜、稳流罐、真空抑制器、水泵机组、仪表阀门及管路、基座等组成。本次课题研究的主要内容是供水方案的设备设计，其中包括稳流罐的设计，真空抑制器的设计，水泵的选型已经设备的整体结构设计。

1.6 本课题预计达到的目标

　　　能够顺利完成课题所需要完成的任务，设备达到无水池，不用消毒，体积小，占地少，安装方便的要求。设备应具有无负压供水能力，整套设备全封闭无污染。

1.7 完成课题的方案和主要措施

1、同老师讨论合适的方案和机体结构，讨论其可行性。

2、在图书馆和网上查找相关资料。

3、从网上实体照片中形成设备的基本模型。

4、按照老师布置的任务按时完成计划，画出装配图及主要零件图。

5、主要参数的计算和设备的选型。

6、设计说明书的编写。

7、后期工作。　　　　　　　　　　　第二章无负压供水方案简介

.1 方案的工作原理

1．市政管网自来水进入调节罐，罐内的空气从负压消除器内排出，待水充满后，负压消除器自动关闭。当市政管网的压力满足用水点的要求时，即管网压力大于或等于设定压力时，设备通过旁通阀门直接向用户供水。

　　　2．当市政供水管网压力不能满足用水点要求时，供水系统利用压力传感器(或压力控制器、电接点压表)发出启泵信号，水泵进入运行状态，向用户持续供水。

　　　3．在用水高峰期，供水管网压力下降，当降至低于设定压力时，压力传感器发信号给控制柜，升高变频器频率，使水泵机组转速增加，出水量和压力也随之上升，直至用水点实际压力等于设定压力。

　　　4．在用水低谷期，供水管网压力上升，当高于设定压力时，压力传感器发信号给控制柜，降低变频器频率，使水泵机组转速降低，直至供水管网实际压力等于设定压力。若用水量变小甚至无流量时，水泵处于空转状态，则水泵机组自动停止工作，自来水通过旁通管直接供给用户。

　　　5．若市政管网流量大于或等于水泵的进水量，负压消除器使得稳流补偿器与外界隔绝，系统正常供水。若市政管网流量小于水泵流量时，空气由负压消除器进入稳流补偿器，消除了市政管网的负压，保证市政管网的正常供水，同时罐内的水作为补充水源仍正常供水，待用水高峰期过后，系统恢复正常状态。

　　　6．当市政供水管网停水时，利用稳流补偿器内的部分存水，水泵仍可继续工作一段时间，当稳流补偿器内水位下降至一定水位时，自动停机以保护水泵；来水后随着水位的上升而自动开机。

　　　7．停电时，水泵不工作，自来水通过旁通管直接到达低层用户，保证低层部分用户的用水，来电时水泵机组自动开机，恢复所有用户的正常供水。

2.2 方案的工作流程

　　　无负压供水技术综合利用负压处理技术、变频调速技术和全自动智能化控制技术，实现从市政管网直接加压向用户持续和稳定地供水，达到用户用水要求，其工作流程如图2-2所示：

图2-2 无负压供水方案工作流程图　　　　　　　　

2.3 方案的适应范围

　　　无负压供水系统适用于市政供水管网压力不足地区的二次加压供水，包括：新建、改建或扩建的住宅小区、办公楼、宾馆、学校等民用建筑的生活给水工程，工矿企业的生活、生产用水，各种循环用水系统，原有传统二次供水的改造工程，低层供水压力不能满足要求的消防用水等。

　　　无负压供水系统不适用的场所：市政管网可利用水头过低的区域；供水可靠性要求高的地区；市政管网供水流量和压力波动大的区域；用户用水量非常集中的区域；可能会对公共供水管网造成有毒污染的相关行业(医院、医药、化工、核工业等)。　

2.4 方案的核心技术 —— 无负压技术

　　　无负压供水技术中所提到的无负压中负压的概念，并非物理学所指负压概念，即低于常压（通常为一个大气压）的压力状态。这里的负压是在此基础上的演绎而来的说法，是指以各地区规定的最低市政管网服务压力值为界限，低于这一压力即为负压。无负压供水系统必须要保证直接抽水时市政管网的压力不低于最低服务压力值，同时由此产生的压降也要控制在一定的范围内，符合当地管理部门的有关规定。

　　　负压消除器，也叫真空抑制器，是该设备的核心，它和稳流补偿器联合工作以消除管网中的负压，从而避免对周围用户的影响，保证市政管网与设备安全可靠地供水。其原理如下：它根据稳流补偿器内的水量、水压、液位、真空度等信号，进行实时反馈、处理和控制，在满水时关闭阀门，在容器内产生负压会水位下降时打开阀门，从而调节稳流补偿器吸气和排气，保证内部压力平衡，同时消除容器内的负压。该装置的控制方式主要有水力机械式、电动式（利用电接点真空表或容器内水位接点控制电磁阀的启闭）。　　　　　　　　　　　　　参考文献　　　

［1］姚福来.?无负压供水设备的现状与发展态势[J].建设科技,2005,(22)

［2］濮良贵. 纪名刚. 机械设计[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社，2006.

［3］尤百琴.?新型供水设备问世[J].船艇,1992,(0).

［4］邵军.?无负压变频恒压供水[J].大众科学(科学研究与实践),2007,(08).

［5］张凤英.?论无负压供水设备的优点[J].安装,2006,(02)

［6］会议论文?北京地区无负压加压供水设备的管理现状及存在问题?2010’建筑二次供水技术推广与管理经验交流会 – 2010

［7］会议论文?NFWG无负压变频供水设备?中国水协设备材料委第二届二次供水设备选型与应用技术交流研讨会 – 2009

［8］会议论文?浅谈箱式无负压供水设备?2010’建筑二次供水技术推广与管理经验交流会 – 2010

内容简介：: 湘潭大学兴湘学院毕业论文（设计）任务书论文（设计）题目：无负压供水方案设备设计学号： 2010963016 姓名：李文专业：机械设计制造及其自动化指导教师：周里群系主任：一、主要内容及基本要求 1、根据用户的数量计算出所需水的当量平均流量和扬程； 2、根据所计算的数据设计选择不同型号的水泵和确定稳流罐的容积； 3、对稳流罐的具体结构进行设计并绘出图纸（AutoCAD绘图）； 4、设计真空抑制器及绘出图纸 5、设计无负压供水设备的基本整体结构，绘出装配图； 6、设计说明书一份，光盘一份； 7、英文文献翻译（含原文）。二、重点研究的问题 1、无负压供水设备基本工作原理以及基本结构； 2、稳流罐的设计，能使水不至于暴露在外而被污染； 3、真空抑制器的设计，确保自来水管网不产生负压。三、进度安排序号各阶段完成的内容完成时间1查阅资料、调研三月初2开题报告、定制设计方案三月中3开始进行设计运算三月末4画CAD图四月初5修改CAD图，写说明书五月初6写出正式稿五月底7答辩六月中四、应收集的资料及主要参考文献1姚福来.无负压供水设备的现状与发展态势J.建设科技,2005,(22) 2濮良贵. 纪名刚. 机械设计M. 北京:高等教育出版社，2006. 3尤百琴.新型供水设备问世J.船艇,1992,(0). 4邵军.无负压变频恒压供水J.大众科学(科学研究与实践),2007,(08). 5张凤英.论无负压供水设备的优点J.安装,2006,(02) 6会议论文北京地区无负压加压供水设备的管理现状及存在问题2010建筑二次供水技术推广与管理经验交流会 2010 7会议论文NFWG无负压变频供水设备中国水协设备材料委第二届二次供水设备选型与应用技术交流研讨会 2009 8会议论文浅谈箱式无负压供水设备2010建筑二次供水技术推广与管理经验交流会 2010 湘潭大学兴湘学院毕业论文（设计）评阅表学号 2010963016 姓名李文专业机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文（设计）题目：无负压供水方案设备设计评价项目评价内容选题1.是否符合培养目标，体现学科、专业特点和教学计划的基本要求，达到综合训练的目的；2.难度、份量是否适当；3.是否与生产、科研、社会等实际相结合。能力1.是否有查阅文献、综合归纳资料的能力；2.是否有综合运用知识的能力；3.是否具备研究方案的设计能力、研究方法和手段的运用能力；4.是否具备一定的外文与计算机应用能力；5.工科是否有经济分析能力。论文（设计）质量1.立论是否正确，论述是否充分，结构是否严谨合理；实验是否正确，设计、计算、分析处理是否科学；技术用语是否准确，符号是否统一，图表图纸是否完备、整洁、正确，引文是否规范；2.文字是否通顺，有无观点提炼，综合概括能力如何；3.有无理论价值或实际应用价值，有无创新之处。综合评价选题符合教学计划要求，具有综合训练的目的，具有文献查阅的能力和计算机应用能力，立论正确，论述充分，分析处理正确，有应用价值，同意进行答辩。评阅人：年月日湘潭大学兴湘学院毕业论文（设计）鉴定意见学号： 2010963016 姓名：李文专业：机械设计制造及其自动化毕业论文（设计说明书）页图表张论文（设计）题目：无负压供水方案设备设计内容提要：本次毕业设计无负压式供水设备的设计，根据老师提供的数据，确定好合适的方案；根据实际情况计算出所需水的当量平均流量和扬程；根据所计算的数据设计选择不同型号的水泵和确定稳流罐的容积；再对对稳流罐的具体结构进行设计；以及关键结构，真空抑制器的设计，并最终设计出设备的基本整体结构。传统的二次加压泵站的运行方式主要是将市政管网的来水先泄入水池或者水箱之中，而后再通过水泵的二次加压后供给用户使用。这种传统的供水方式实际上就是将带势能的水转化成为不带能量的水，白白浪费掉了这部分能量。小区给水二次加压余压利用系统，在保证二次加压泵站的城市供水干管的压力不低于能使周边直接供水用户正常用水的最小压力前提下，最大限度的利用管网余压，也不会影响周围用户供水可靠性，并同时达到节能的目的，占地面积小，且能起到消除管道内的负压的作用。指导教师评语选题明确，方案合理，分析论证正确，图纸规范，遵守校纪校规，有较强的工作能力。指导教师：年月日答辩简要情况及评语根据答辩情况，答辩小组同意其成绩评定为。答辩小组组长：年月日答辩委员会意见经答辩委员会讨论，同意该毕业论文（设计）成绩评定为。答辩委员会主任：年月日中文翻译城市供水系统摘要系统包括供电线路和消费者的网络供水系统，其中一个是监视消费者谁接收最少量的压力，一个是减压阀的压力调节系统（PRV）相关联的一个先导阀，预先设定为标称输出压力，并包括一个微分控制阀（DCV）的压力控制系统。拾取器单元被提供用于测量流量参数，指示在被监视的消费者的压力，从而发射出压力信号到控制器，产生的控制信号响应于所述压力信号，以激活DCV的致动器，从而通过管的流速的直流电压，以便在被监视的消费者获得期望的压力，从而改变通过PRV的流速。供水系统说明本发明一般是在水的流量和压力控制的领域。更具体地说，本发明涉及用于供水网络的控制系统。本发明还涉及与系统和水控制方法使用的设备.发明背景供水系统，例如市政水系统，典型地包括一个主电源线从水源供给（水容器，井，湖泊等）和泵送装置，用于推动该水通过管道网络，因此它可以下游达到各种消费者。典型地，还设置有各种压力调节和控制装置，沿着管的网络，以监测水流量和降低水的压力，以这样的水平，一方面，保证各种系统等，有压力的正常运作激活，如灌溉系统的阀装置等，在另一方面，将不通过过大的压力会损坏消费者的任何终端设备，例如爆管，太阳能热水器的损坏，并连接到水网（洗碗机，洗衣机等）等国产设备。压力过大也可能是从网络接收水工业设施有害的。以下在本说明书和权利要求书中的术语“管网”指的是管道和从水源延伸至所述消费者设备。供水系统的消费者可能是例如国内消费者，工业设施，公共和市政设施，农业的消费者，等等，所有这些都被本文所指的说明书和权利要求统称为“网络消费者”。其中消费者的网络有至少一个消费者的位置处测得的压力是比在其他消费场所测量的压力下。这样，消费者可以是例如远程1 ，由此产生压力损失，由于流经在升高的位置（高建筑物或山）长和分支管道（摩擦和压头损失），或消费者等以下在说明书和权利要求中，一个或多个消费者在其最低压力的测量是被称为“监控用户” （也称为“临界消费者” ）。用水量在市政供水系统有变化的一天。消费量增加通常是在早上的时间测量（约6 9时），并再次在傍晚时分（约7 9点）。然而，这些峰如有更改，例如在周末，在DST ，季节变化，重大活动等重要体育赛事等的设置它是水供给机构的关注，例如市政当局或水供给公司，所监视的消费者接收水以最小的压力，例如说，约2.5个大气压，以确保各种压力激活设备正常运转和在生活用水设施，享受合理的压力，例如：水龙头，花洒等增加的压力在监控消费者必然需要在消费者更加显著压力增加上游，即使在压力高达有害的。一方面，超压要求更强大的抽油机，更昂贵。第二，它需要一个管网能够承受这样的过压。再有就是超压，可导致损害上文已经提到的消费者的一个问题。不仅如此，在管网不显著泄漏，如未成年人孔或管道元件接触不良，成为比例在压力增加显著，可能是其误入歧途的一些显著亏损淡水的原因。报告显示，新鲜水渗漏损失率达到高达约15 40 供应商的流量输送。各种水压和控制系统是已知的。基本结构包括一个减压阀（PRV），其功能通过压力装置或改变，以减少压力入口和出口处之间，不论流量的变化上游。几个这样的减压阀一般安装沿管网，如在branchings到郊区，毗邻主要消费设施，建筑物等一个典型的PRV包括入口端口在通过流路通过一个压力控制室管与出口端口流体连通之中。当压力控制腔加压时，流路被限制，从而限制所述入口和出口之间的流动，从而得到基本恒定的出口压力。控制腔中的压力是由多种流量控制装置，其最终成为用于通过控制腔室控制水流量的目的管辖。根据一个现有技术实施例，提供了一种所谓的液压阀，其中所述压力腔室由具有恒定进气流量Q1连接在PRV的上游的节流孔口带电，并由具有一组标称的先导阀排出下游出口流量Q2连接说PRV 。当Q1大于Q2内的增压控制腔中的压力增加，从而限制（或接近）的入口和PRV的出口，从而限制出口流动的PRV的的Qout ，带来相应下降之间的流动通道在让出PRV的压力噘嘴。按照不同的结构，而不是限制孔和先导阀，设置有连接到电控制器，由此水入口流量Q1和出口流量Q2被控制，从而调控所述控制腔中的压力的螺线管（任选比例电磁铁）。按照仍然另一个实施例中的偏置室被装配到先导阀的柱塞对液压激活先导阀的内部隔膜。所述偏压室连接到上游的供水由此，先导阀的柱塞是可移动，以限制导阀的出口流量Q2 。又一控制系统是涉及嵌合偏压室上的导阀供给，由此，先导阀的调节构件可移位，从而限制导阀的出口流动Q2的调整部件。根据一个上述溶液的实施例，提供了一种偏压室整体地装与先导阀。然而，控制电磁阀仍需要限制进口流量Q1和出口流量Q2。上述各控制系统的具有至少一个的几个不足之处和缺点如下：一发生故障的一个或两个电磁线圈呈现伪狂犬病毒无效。这可能会导致不希望的2极端位置，第一个是完整的切断供水和第二被以为消费者提供一个压力，它等于高压的上游（如在PRV不履行其功能）中的一个，由此水供应商面临由于对消费者造成的损害故障责任。二每一个可识别的压力或流量变化嗣继承激活螺线管据此关联的动力源正在迅速枯竭的;三电磁阀和阀内组件的增加开口/关闭可能导致系统容易出现故障。四螺线管的使用需要水的过滤在高级别（通常多达微米）。从而增加了维修的预期。五一个重要因素是安装控制系统改造中的选项。在大多数情况下，个别配件和设施都要求其提供的安装不符合成本效益。六在低流速系统进入一个所谓的狩猎状态，系统是不成功的达到稳定状态。七偏置室是一个需要精细调整和是易受污物敏感元素。八该系统不提供任何旁路安排，由此这样一个系统的故障可能会导致该消费者将获得过高的压力，这可能导致损坏。因此，这是本发明的一个反对是提供一种能够提供实质上所需的压力在被监视的消费者不管消费变化的供水控制系统，即通过该系统流速。甲在根据本发明的供水系统提供了在被监视的消费者在管道网络，也不管在消费或周期性这种变化的突然变化测量无论其位置和水头损失的基本恒定的压力。在根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种差动控制阀中通过消除这样的压力变化得到的恒定流速，尽管在管线压力的变化是有用的。仍然在本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于控制压力在一个供水系统，以便提供所需的压力在被监视的消费者的方法。发明内容本发明要求一个包括消费者的网络和一个压力调节系统，该系统中，尽管通过该系统的交替流动速率维持在所监视的消费者在期望的压力水平的压力水供给系统。在根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种包括一个电源线和消费者的网络供水系统，其中之一是一个监视的消费者谁接收最少量的压力，包括一个减压阀的压力调节系统（ PRV）与先导阀设定标称输出压力有关;并包括一个微分控制阀（DCV ）的压力控制系统;一拾取单元，用于测量在被监视的消费者指示压力的流参数和发射的压力信号给控制器;所述控制器产生的控制信号响应于所述压力信号，以激活DCV的致动器，从而通过DCV管的流量，从而获得期望的压力在被监视的消费者，而不管通过PRV改变流速。按照一个实施方案中，流参数是测量相邻的PRV ，并转换成一个代表压力的压力信号在被监视的消费者，根据转换的计算流速。并在根据另一实施例的流动参数是压力在被监视的消费者测定。在流参数是流量，存在通常提供一个压力传感器，用于读取压力在DCV的出口线，以产生局部压力的信号，从而所述局部压力信号，压力信号在控制器进行了比较。按照又一实施例中，供水系统还包括用于覆盖DCV在直流电压的检测到的控制器（包括任何控制参数，如软件问题，控制信号错误等）和/或发生故障时的旁路门。在根据本发明的一个不同方面，提供了一种差动控制阀可用于压力控制系统中根据本发明。微分控制阀包括：配有一个静态的入口，一个动态入口和阀出口的壳体;控制腔通过柔性隔膜将所述腔室分成一个第一腔室与静态入口连通，而第二腔室与所述阀口和一个控制流路，供应以实现之间的通信连通密封地隔开，所述第二腔室和所述进气的动态;一个弹簧加载的堵塞件铰接与膜片和作为控制流路，响应差动柔性膜片的压力位移范围内可轴向移动；和一个控制致动器，用于轴向移动所述堵塞件，从而通过控制流路，响应压力差超过柔性膜片和由致动器和弹簧施加一个相反的力来管理流。根据一个特定的差动控制阀的一个实施例中，堵塞件是安装用于进行密封接合的流路中的相应的密封座的针型密封件;所述密封件和密封座基本上是相等的锥形并且其中所述密封座和密封件之间的横截面流动面积正比相对于轴向的密封构件的位移。本发明还涉及用于控制压力的水供给系统包括一个电源线和消费者的网络，其中被监视的一个消费者谁接收最少量的压力1的方法;它包括一个减压阀（PRV）配有一个先导阀预置到一个额定输出压力，其包括串联连接到所述控制阀，流量参数拾取单元的差动控制阀（DCV ）的压力控制系统和一个压力调节系统一个控制器;该方法包括以下步骤：（ i）测定在所监视的消费者指示压力的流参数和发射的压力信号到控制器;（ ii）由该控制器产生控制信号，所述控制信号响应于所述压力信号的装置;（）在激活DCV的致动器的控制信号，从而通过管的直流电压的流速，从而通过先导阀来控制流量，以获得期望的压力在被监视的消费者，而不管通过PRV改变流率的。在流参数是流量，该方法包括另外的步骤：（）测量流速相邻的PRV和发送流量信号至控制器;（v）该流量信号转换成代表该压力的压力信号在被监视的消费者，根据转换的计算;（）测量局部压力在DCV的出口线，并产生一个相应的局部压力的信号;（）比较局部压力信号，压力信号，并产生相应的控制信号（）返回到步骤（）。有利的是，该供水系统装有一个旁通门重写DCV ，使得在系统发生故障时，旁通打开，从而提供出口压力Poutat的PRV的出口与对应的标称输出压力设定在先导阀。本发明还涉及供水系统，该系统能够处理也显著低流速，从而避免所谓的“摆动” ，即一种情况在其中一个典型的供水系统不能稳定其压力参数在低流速。因此，提供了一种包括连接到至少一个消费者，其特征在于高流速路径和平行安装绕过低流量路径中的压力调节系统的线供水系统;说高流量路径包括一个高流量的压力（ HFPRV ）具有高额定流量输出和一个先导阀预设第一额定输出压力相关的调节阀;并且包括一个控制器，一个微分控制阀（ DCV），拾取器单元，用于通过该系统测量流率的压力控制系统;所述低流量路径包括低流量压力（ LFPRV ），具有低流量额定输出和一个先导阀预设第二额定输出压力相关的减压阀;其特征在于，所述拾取器单元发射的流参数的信号，以生成一个响应控制信号来激活DCV ，从而支配通过DCV流速的致动器的控制器;由此，当低于设定值的流量参数信号下降时，表示关闭直流电压将会导致在关闭LFPRV的HFPRV和模拟开放;而当流量参数超过所述预定值的LFPRV关闭，并且HFPRV打开。在流参数是之前或之后HFPRV测量的流量，但在此之前或低流控制电路的分支后，分别在DCV包括：配有一个静态的入口和一个动态入口的壳体都在与先导阀预置为高额定输出压力的出口，以及阀出口流体连通的HFPRV的出口即流动连通;控制腔通过柔性隔膜将所述腔室分成一个第一腔室与静态入口连通，而第二腔室与所述阀口和一个控制流路，供应以实现之间的通信连通密封地隔开，所述第二腔室和所述进气的动态;一个弹簧加载的堵塞件铰接与膜片和作为控制流路，响应差动柔性膜片的压力位移范围内可轴向移动;和致动器由控制器控制，用于轴向移动所述堵塞件，从而通过控制流路，响应压力差超过柔性膜片和由弹簧和致动器施加一个相反的力来管理流。附图的简要说明为了理解本发明以及看看它是如何可以在实践中进行的，一些优选实施例现在将描述的，通过仅非限制性示例的方式，参考附图，其中：图1是根据本发明一个实施例的水供应系统的示意图;图2是一个示意图，表示在稍微更详细地示出的水供给系统的控制系统。图3A3C示出了用于流量控制系统在根据本发明的差动控制阀，其特征在于：图3A示出处于闭合位置的阀;图3B示出了处于部分打开位置的阀;和图3C示出了在完全打开位置的阀;图4示出根据本发明，在其关闭位置的阀的差动控制阀的实施例;图5是按照一个不同的本发明实施例的水供应系统的示意图;图6是用在供水系统中按照图1的实施例的控制系统的示意性表示。图7是用于防止抖动，在具有供水系统协会按照本发明的控制系统的示意性表示。本发明的详细说明注意的是第一定向到图。参见附图1 ，通过一个示意图，供水系统按照其代表了一种典型的市政供水系统的一个分支部分，本发明的方式示出。该系统包括管起始于水，例如，一个源的网络湖泊，水库，井等（未显示）。水可通过管网20通过一个或多个泵装置24或其它合适的装置装置被推进，如本身已知的，例如重力等流过管网中的水被泵入在基本上高压力，直到它到达分支部分在其中一个减压阀（PRV） 26被装配用于降低水的压力为每个邻域块或将变得显而易见下文更详细地也对总的30示出在图稍微详细的控制系统。它是供水公司（通常是市等）的关注，所有的消费者沿着供电线路至少获得一定的额定压力，从而保证了各种压力激活设备的正常运作及功能，例如：喷头，阀门及过滤装置等，以及享受合理的压力和生活用水的设施，如点选淋浴等在另一方面，它是水供给公司的显著关注的是在消费者的压力不会超过一定的标称压力，以便不可处引起的过压，例如损害管道（通常在太阳能集热器发生），显著泄漏等的爆裂从PRV 26分支延伸到关闭管道干管32 34导致消费者包括几套房子36和市级或国内龙头38和40指定位于一座小山的顶部，并连接到主管32一显著远程用户的网络通过管路42 ，在正常条件下，在这后一种消费者40监测的压力是最低的，由于长的管道到达其上（通过耦合摩擦和水头损失和支化的元素）和由于压头损失在视图的高度差异。消费者40被称为一个监测消费者（有时也被称为临界消费者）。进一步的讨论是针对一般用30控制系统，与正在做进一步的参考也图。 2， PRV 26包括耦合到一个上游主配管部分20和联接到下游的主配管32的出口52的入口50 ，一种流路56的入口50和出口52密封由阀之间形成的PRV内构件58密封地接合在一个阀座62的PRV还包括与柔性膜片66沿轴向支承在阀构件58上形成一控制腔64 。的布置是这样的，加压压力室64使振动板66变形向下，将会导致阀构件58的朝阀座62相应的位移，从而限制或完全关闭流动通道56 。减压压力室64的结果在阀构件的轴向位移58从阀座62脱开，从而重新打开该流动通道62 。控制腔64内的压力是由水引入或从腔室64排出的量管。控制旁通管线72连接到PRV上游74在与入口压力Pinwhich对应与上游压力流体连通之中。装在控制旁通管路72有一过滤器单元78和一个流量限制孔口80具有恒定的流速。延伸到控制腔64是一个压力控制线路82 ，另外装在控制旁通管路72有具有额定出口压力，由螺杆式调速器88手动调节的先导阀86 。延伸的先导阀86的下游侧，并连接到管部分87有一个差动控制阀（ DCV），其具有耦合到出口的减压阀26的52的出口90的直流电压由电动致动器92 。 DCV 90的结构将更详细地解释参照图。 3和5。该直流电压被耦合到PRV 96通过管段94与主配管32的压力功率输出的下游部分流动连通。如可以看到的图。如图1所示，压力拾取单元100被安装在被监视的消费者40的部位，所述方法包括一个发射机，用于发射一个压力信号PS收款由控制器108拾取单元100 。可以理解，而不是通过无线传输的压力信号PS通信装置，这个可进行通过其他手段，例如有线通信（如电话线，电力线，光信号等）。控制回路经发出一个控制信号CS ，它响应于所述压力信号PS和其中激活DCV的致动器92 ，如将在下文中更详细地解释关闭。A中是不支持的闭环控制系统，供水系统通常会在白天几个压力下降，如在晚上通常是衡量在早上的时间消耗增加（约6 9时），再次的结果小时（约7 9点）。然而，这些峰如有更改，例如在周末，在DST ，季节变化，重大活动等重要体育赛事等。每一次的设置这样一个压降测量，所监测的消费者40将经历压力相当显著下降，可能对功能的影响一些家用设备，甚至影响生活质量。另一方面，为了补偿因压力在关键时间损失，该系统可以被编程，例如，以避免压力下降低于预定的最小标称压力在所述监视的消费者。这样安排的结果是，在所谓的死亡时间为一天，即，它耗水量保持在最低限度（例如午夜后和凌晨）消耗的时间是在管道非常低，因此轻微泄漏，例如：在接口和耦合装置，例如109中所示。 1 ，或在国内或公共水龙头漏水，例如水龙头38将成为显著泄漏。在根据本发明的供水系统中，如图所示的一个例子。 1 ，通过连续地监测压力在被监视的消费者40 ，其中最小的标称压力被确定克服了这个问题。对应于压力拾取单元100测得的压力的压力信号被传输，且被控制器108的天线113 。响应于压力信号PS时，控制器产生一个控制信号CS到DCV 90的致动器92 ，以从而打开或关闭通过一个流路的直流电压90 ，使得PRV 26被连续地调整，以提供所需的压力在被监视的消费者40 ，无论改变由于消耗的变化流速。控制器108是预编程的或可编程的，以控制所述致动器92操作的预选范围内，从而不会耗尽电源（通常为电池），并降低由过度使用中发生的系统的洁具。因此，有利的是，该控制器108进行编程，以便产生一个控制信号CS对应的范围内的压力信号PS的，以便只给例如显著压力变化的响应，控制信号CS就由控制器108产生只有当压力信号从一定范围内的值离去。每个时间的控制信号CS是由控制器108发出的，直流电压90的致动器92改变了DCV的流动通道，由此控制水的流过管部分94的量，即在何种程度上压力室PRV 26 64被加压，最终控制PRV 26的出口压力功率输出。进一步注意现在被引导到图图3A到关注的差分控制阀（ DCV） 90，它是一种针型阀的特定设计图纸3C 。微分控制阀包括一个具有一个静态入口端口136 （其在图1所示的控制系统的结构。 2被连接到管部分87 ）和一个动态入口134 （壳体132，它在控制系统的结构图2还耦合到管段87 ）。壳体132具有阀出口140 （在图1的控制系统的结构。 2耦合到延伸到PRV 26的出口管部94 ）被进一步形成。的直流电压90的内部形成有一控制腔室144通过一柔性膜片146 ，其将控制腔分成上部，第一腔室148与所述静态入口134流动连通被密封地隔开，和一个较低的第二腔室150是在流与出口140连通。甲流路154上形成有密封面156的流路154中的动态入口134和第二室150之间的连通，并且实际上用于实现动态的入口136和出口140之间的通信。的堵塞件160是铰接在162到振动板146 ，并且包括相应的锥形密封座156 （最好参见图3C ），锥形密封部164 。一个O形环166被设置为完整的密封。堵塞件160是一完全关闭位置和打开位置，其中流动通信的动态入口134和出口140之间实现之间的流动通道内轴向移动。堵塞件160通常朝着密封接合的流动通道154的（闭合）由包括一个螺旋弹簧构件170支承在一端靠在支撑板172装在堵塞件160的端部的致动机构169的手段和偏置在对可轴向移动的板件174安装在由轴承178和可转动的由致动器92的装置支承的螺纹杆176的相对端。该布置使得杆176的旋转嗣继承板构件174 ，从而增大或减小弹簧174的轴向力的轴向位移，从而导致支撑板分别堵塞件160朝向打开或关闭流动通道154和172的轴向位移。它可是理解的是这两个进气口，分别是静态的入口136和动态入口134被连接到相同的供水管线，因而同样压力。因此，第一腔室148与第二腔室150也同样施加压力导致隔膜156处于中立位置以外的致动机构169施加的轴向压力，压力的第二腔150内通过与转换弹簧170所施加的力入压力，基本上等于在第一室148中的压力。这种安排的结果是，该动态压力进行微分和流路的实际开口由通过致动机构169 ，即通过施加轴向压力管弹簧170和由致动器92施加的轴向位移的力。谁，应当理解的是，堵塞件160可通过除致动机构169 ，例如其它轴向移动由液压致动机构。等在图1的位置。如图3A所示，直流电压90是在其所谓的关闭位置，其特征在于密封所述堵塞件160的部分164密封地接合座156以有效地关闭该流路154的图。如图3B所示，直流电压90中示出，其中流动通道154被打开到一定程度，以实现动态的入口134和出口140之间的通信，经由第二腔室150的部分打开的位置。可以理解，相应的锥形表面156和164产生足够宽的流路，其不易发生堵塞由砂，污垢等在图中的位置。如图3C所示，直流电压90中示出了一个完全开放的位置，其中，所述板构件174被完全缩回，并且基本上没有力由弹簧170施加，从而进行动态入口134和出口140之间的最大流量。进一步注意向图。 4，其示出了根据其在原理上与图中所示的直流电压90基本相似的标号190在本发明的一个实施例的直流电压附图。图3A-3C中，驻留在入口端口的结构的主要区别。如见于图。如图4所示，壳体194包括一主入口196分割成一个动态的入口198和一个静态入口200通过管204组成的壳体194与主入口196连通。其他组件和构造的直流电压190是类似于那些在公开的与图中所示的直流电压90连接。图3A-3C和后部被定向到的描述参照这些图。进一步注意现在被引导到图5和6示出了水供给系统根据本发明的实施例。本实施例不同于图示，参照图前面的实施例。 1和2 ，特别是只要涉及的控制系统一般用220 ，因此，在图3-5的实施例中的元件。 5和6是与本实施例的在图中描绘的类似。 1和2中被指定以一个素相同的附图标记（）表示。在本实施例中水被提供给一个镇供水郊区的多个房屋225 ，某些工业设施227和公共设施229例如一幢办公大楼及构成所谓的监视消费者，其中测量的压力是最低的摩天大楼230 。不像在图1的实施例。 1 ，流量计240被装配在从PRV 26延伸的供给线242 ，用于测量其在本案中是一个流量信号FRS其信号，然后传送到控制器250的流参数，流速信号转换在控制器250转换成相应的代表驻留在被监视的消费者230中的压力的压力信号，这是由其中基于经验和测量转换的流速信号转换成压力信号转换计算得到。响应于该FRS （和与之对应的压力信号PS ） CS是在控制器250的控制信号CS然后被引导到致动器92 ，从而激活DCV 90的致动机构“一DCV 90 所产生的控制信号作为参考图前面解释的。图3A-3C 。此外，压力传感器258被装配在管路部分94的直流电压90 和出口52 的PRV 26的一个出口140之间延伸的“ 。压力感测压力仪表258发送一个普通的局部压力信号PS ，这是与由流量信号FRS得到以便关闭控制回路，从而提供更精确的控制回路经转换的压力信号进行比较。按照图1的实施例的结构。图5是这样的感测到由流量计240的流量增加时，相应的流速信号FRS被发送，由此相应的压力信号，可以得到，在向其中一个控制信号CS是由控制器250产生响应，从而向控制器250致动所述致动器92的直流电压90 ，从而排出PRV 26的压力室通过PRV ，从而增大流量并提供增加的需求，例如在高峰时段如上文所述。然而，当流量感测到在流量计240减小，相应的控制信号CS是由控制器250传送到的直流电压90的致动器92上，从而关闭流路及其由此PRV 26的压力室是加压到PRV 26的流路的作用，从而限制。图1的实施例。图6示出，其包括相同的元件在图1的控制系统30通常指定260的控制系统。 2 ，因此类似的元件被标以由一个双撇号表示区分相同的参考号码。图1的控制系统260 。 6包括一个额外的旁路门264覆盖DCV 90 “与电操作的栅极268 ，典型地是通过控制线270向控制器108连接的线圈” 。该安排是这样的：当系统检测有故障的位置，例如断弹簧的直流电压或有错误的控制器108 “ ，电容器274安装在控制器108 ”的被排出到激活螺线管268 ，从而旁通门264将打开，以便覆盖DCV 90 “ 。在打开覆盖栅极264的直流电压90 “变为无效，由此，先导阀86 ”被直接连接到出口96 “ PRV 26 ” 。很明显，如图旁通门264 。 5月6日，以及被应用到参考图中所公开的类型的控制系统。 5 ，此外，可以理解，而不是由放电电容器274激活螺线管268 ，一个超驰控制信号ORCS可以由控制器108 “的某种故障状态被检测到的每个时间产生的。例如，在情况下任何信号没有收到或由控制器，电源故障，关心DCV （弹簧例如破损），软件问题等更使机械故障传输的通信问题，而不是一个螺线管激活的栅极，其它装置可以被用于在打开门，诸如，例如，液压或气动装置。现在转向图。 7 ，其中示出了控制系统中根据本发明的一个实施方案中，通常指定为300 ，在图1的实施例。 7 ，元件其与图所指的元素相对应。 2中给出了200移位相同的参考号码。控制系统300是特别适合处理在本领域中被称为狩猎，其中通过电源线332的流动是显著低并且其中所述减压阀326是不能够提供稳定的电源插座的情况下压力。发生这种情况时，特别由于PRV 326被设计用于处理高流速和其中所述阀构件358相对于阀座62的微不足道的位移，使该装置不稳定。这种情况可通过提供一个控制系统300如图克服。 7包括一种高流动控制电路319和一个低流控制电路321 。高流动控制电路319包括一个高流量压力调节阀HFPRV 326装有类似于结合图所公开的控制系统。 2 ，即包括一个过滤器单元378 ，一个限流孔380 ，压力控制线382 ，先导阀386和一个直流电压390 。控制器408被提供用于管DCV 390的致动器392并进一步接收的流量信号FR感测由流量计325安装为通过该系统测量的总流量。流量计325可装配之前或之后的HFPRV 326 ，但在此之前或分别低流控制电路321 ，对分支后。低流量压力控制电路LFPRV指定321实际上是在管道系统覆盖大流量的压力通过从上游入口管320延伸的管段327和下游连接到主供应管线332的出口管段329调节阀HFPRV 326 。低流量压力调节阀LFPRV 331嵌合沿着装有包括类似的元件，即一个过滤单元333 ，流动限制孔335和连接在LFPRV 331的下游处339的先导阀337 ，低压控制电路321的旁路。节流孔335和导阀337之间延伸的是连接到所述压力室中的LFPRV 331 347 ，类似于高流量压力控制电路319的结构和控制系统一般用30的压力控制线341图。 2 。按照图1的实施例的结构。图7是这样的流速连续地通过流量计325发出一个流量信号FR到控制器408监视。在检测到流量下降到低于最小阈值时，控制器408产生一个控制信号CS到致动器392该直流电压390 ，从而压缩从而通过DCV 390关闭流量的DCV的螺旋弹簧，其结果是，水不再通过导阀386流动，由此控制腔HFPRV 326的364是高度加压，从而关闭流路正如已经提到的HFPRV 326由阀构件358 ，流量计335可被定位在适合于通过该系统测量的总流量的任何位置。其结果是，压力下降时的LFPRV 331的出口339 ，在该先导阀337 ，从而使流动通道穿过其打开通过旁路在低流率，以促进水的流量的设定压力以下。控制系统300返回到其高流速电路，当流量计325产生对应于具有高流速信号（规定的阈值之前）到控制器408从而产生一个控制信号到致动器392的流量信号直流电压390 ，从而打开其流道，从而导致开HFPRV 326 ，同时关闭LFPRV 331 。(12) United States Patent US007201180B2 (10) Patent N0.: US 7,201,180 B2 Ephrat et a1. (45) Date of Patent: Apr. 10, 2007 (54) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 4,364,408 A 12/1982 Griswold 4,562,552 A 12/1985 Miyaoka (75) Inventors: Uri Ephrat, Givat Ela (IL); Abraham 5,460,196 A * 10/1995 Yonnet . . 137/12 Gleichman, MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) 5,660,198 A * 8/1997 McClaran . . . . 137/12 6,112,137 A * 8/2000 McCarty et al. . . 700/301 (73) Assignee: Optimus Water Technologies Ltd., MaAlot Tarshiha (IL) ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 355 days. (21) Appl. No.: 10/498,834 (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 19, 2002 (86) PCT No.: PCT/IL02/01023 371 (O0) (2), (4) Date: Jun. 14, 2004 (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO03/057998 PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 17, 2003 (65) Prior Publication Data US 2005/0016593 A1 Jan. 27, 2005 (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Jan. 8, 2002 (IL) . . 147506 (51) Int. Cl. G05D 16/20 (2006.01) (52) US. Cl. . . 137/14; 137/487.5; 137/488; 251/29; 251/30.01 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search . . 137/ 14, 137/12, 487.5, 488; 251/29, 30.01 See application ?le for complete search history. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,200,911 A * 4/1980 Matsumoto . . 700/28 24 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP 1 126 089 A2 8/2001 JP 11256624 A * 9/1999 JP 2001280597 A * 10/2001 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Christine Chan, Development of an Intelligent Control System for a Municipal Water Distribution Network, 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. * cited by examiner Primary ExamineriRamesh Krishnamurthy (74) Attorney, Agent, or F irmiThe Nath LaW Group; Jerald L. Meyer; Derek Richmond (57) ABSTRACT A Water supply system comprising a supply line and a network of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure and a pressure control system comprising a diiferential control valve (DCV). A pickup unit is provided for measuring a How parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller generating in turn a control signal responsive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the How rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. 21 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 1 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 cor _.0_u_ 8 OJ Nml/ AHA 2: n L / / I1 mm mm NM vm $3 $0 Y. 2 “a 8 Fa Ham mama _ , u m a a a a a n ” m 8 / ., . , _ “ .q t L 1 A8 A3 A8 “ a U ml _ _ _ n _ 8 W 5 om U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 2 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 N E g a mm mm S S bl AM Goa _l _ a wm 8) w2/ Nm/ om mm mm L8 om CI .MN 2 B 0 00 1. 1 m m 7, S U 4 5 1 4 4 1. U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 3 0f 9 132 164 134 170 FIG. 3A US 7,201,180 B2 /9O 0 154 132 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 4 0f 9 134 164 172 169 170 4 7 4| 178 176 FIG. 3B U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 6 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 200 190 204 196 198 194 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 7 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 8 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 .GE www EN p U.S. Patent Apr. 10, 2007 Sheet 9 0f 9 US 7,201,180 B2 386 2. 380 378 337 335 333 341 321 339 FIG. 7 331 374 327 US 7,201,180 B2 1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally in the ?eld of Water How and pressure control. More particularly the invention is concerned With a control system for a netWork of Water supply. The invention is also concerned With a device used With the system and With a Water control method. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A Water supply system, eg a municipal Water system, typically comprises a main supply line fed from a source of Water (Water reservoir, Well, lake, etc.) and pumping means for propelling the Water through a netWork of pipes so it can reach various consumers doWnstream. Typically, there are also provided various pressure regu lating and control means along the pipes netWork in order to monitor the Water How and to reduce pressure of Water to such a level that Will, on the one hand, ensure proper functioning of various systems Which are pressure activated, e.g. irrigation systems valving means, etc. and, on the other hand, Will not damage any end equipment of the consumers by excessive pressure, e.g. burst of pipes, damage of solar heaters, and other domestic equipment connected to the Water netWork (dishwashers, Washing machines, etc.). Excessive pressure may also be harmful for industrial facili ties receiving Water from the netWork. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims the term “pipe netWor ” refers to the piping and installations extending from the Water source to the consumers. The consumers of a Water supply system may be for example domestic consumers, industrial facilities, public and municipal facilities, agricultural consumers, etc., all of Which being referred to herein in the speci?cation and claims collectively as a “network of consumers”. Among the netWork of consumers there is at least one consumer at a location Where the measured pressure is loWer than the pressure measured at the other consumer sites. Such a consumer may be for example a remote one Whereby pressure loss occurs oWing to How through a long and branching pipeline (friction and head loss), or a consumer at an elevated location (high building or on a mountain) etc. Hereinafter in the speci?cation and claims, the one or more consumer at Which loWest pressure is measured is referred to as a “monitored consumer” (also knoWn as a “critical consumer”). Water consumption in a municipal Water supply system varies throughout the day. Increased consumption is typi cally measured at the morning hours (betWeen about 6 and 9 am.) and again in the evening hours (betWeen about 7 and 9 pm.) HoWever, these peaks are subject to changes, eg at Weekends, upon setting of DST, season changes, major events such as an important sports match, etc. It is the concern of the Water supplying authority, for example a municipality or a Water supplying company, that the monitored consumer receives Water at a minimal pres sure, say for example, about 21/2 atmospheres so as to ensure proper functioning of various pressure activated equipment and to enjoy reasonable pressure at a domestic Water facili ties, e.g. taps, shoWers, etc. Increasing the pressure at the monitored consumer Will necessarily entail a much more signi?cant pressure increase at consumers upstream, even as much as harmful over pressure. For one thing, over pressure demands more poWerful pumping units and is more costly. Second, it requires a pipe 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 netWork that can Withstand such overpressure. Then there is a problem of over pressure Which can cause damage to the consumers as already mentioned above. Even more so, non-signi?cant leaks in the pipe netWork, e.g. minor holes or poor connections of piping elements, become proportionally signi?cant upon pressure increase and may be the reason for some signi?cant loss of fresh Water Which goes astray. Reports shoW that rates of loss of fresh Water by leaks reach as much as about 15 to 40% of a suppliers ?oW delivery. A variety of Water pressure and control systems are knoWn. A basic arrangement comprises a pressure reducing valve (PRV) Which functions to reduce pressure betWeen an inlet and an outlet thereof, regardless of How changes through the device or change of pressure upstream. Several such PRVs are typically ?tted along a pipe netWork, eg at branchings to suburbs, adjacent major consuming facilities, buildings, etc. A typical PRV comprises an inlet port being in How communication With an outlet port via a How passage governed by a pressure control chamber. When the pressure control chamber is pressuriZed, the How passage is restricted to thereby restrict ?oW betWeen the inlet and the outlet port so as to obtain essentially constant outlet pressure. Pressure Within the control chamber is governed by various ?oW control means Which eventually serve for the purpose of controlling the Water ?oW rate through the control chamber. In accordance With one prior art embodiment there is provided a so-called hydraulic valve, Wherein the pressure chamber is charged by a restriction ori?ce having a constant inlet flow rate Ql connected upstream of the PRV and is discharged by a pilot valve having a set nominal outlet ?oW Q2 connected doWnstream of said PRV. When O1 is greater than Q2 the pressure Within the pressurized control chamber increases to thereby restrict (or close) the How passage betWeen the inlet port and the outlet port of the PRV to thereby restrict the outlet ?oW Q01” of the PRV, entailing a corresponding drop in out let pressure Pout of the PRV. In accordance With a different arrangement, rather than the restriction ori?ce and the pilot valve, there are provided solenoids (optionally proportional solenoids) connected to electric controllers, Whereby Water inlet ?oW Q1 and outlet ?oW Q2 are controlled to thereby govern pressure Within the control chamber. In accordance With still a different embodiment a bias chamber is ?tted onto a plunger of the pilot valve for hydraulically activating an internal diaphragm of the pilot valve. Said bias chamber is connected to an upstream Water supply Whereby a plunger of the pilot valve is displaceable to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. Still another control system is concerned With ?tting a bias chamber onto an adjusting member of a pilot valve supply Whereby the adjusting member of the pilot valve is displaceable so as to restrict the outlet ?oW Q2 of the pilot valve. In accordance With an embodiment of the above solution, there is provided a bias chamber integrally ?tted With the pilot valve. Nevertheless, control solenoids are still required for restricting the inlet ?oW Q1 and the outlet ?oW Q2. Each of the above control systems have at least one of several de?ciencies and draWbacks as folloWs: i. Malfunctioning of one or both the solenoids renders the PRV inactive. This may result in one of tWo undesired extreme positions, the ?rst being complete cut-off of the Water supply and the second being providing the consumers With a pressure Which is equal to high US 7,201,180 B2 3 pressure upstream (as the PRV does not ful?l its function) whereby the Water supplier is exposed to malfunctioning liability oWing to damages caused to consumers. ii. Every recognizable pressure or ?oW change entails activation of the solenoids Whereby an associated poWer source is rapidly exhausted; iii. Increased openings/closing of the solenoids and valve components may render the system vulnerable to mal function. iv. Usage of solenoids requires ?ltration of the Water at a high level (typically as much as microns). Thus increased maintenance is expected. v. An important factor is the option to install the control system in retro?t. In most cases individual ?ttings and installations are required Which render the installation not cost effective. vi. At loW ?oW rates the system enters a so called hunting state Where the system is unsuccessful in reaching a steady state. vii. The bias chamber is a sensitive element requiring ?ne adjustments and being susceptible to dirt. viii. The systems does not offer any bypassing arrange ments, Whereby malfunctioning of such a system may result in that the consumer Will receive excessively high pressure, Which may cause damage. It is thus an objection of the present invention to provide a Water supply control system capable of providing essen tially desired pressure at the monitored consumer regardless changes in consumption, i.e. ?oW rate through the system. A Water supply system in accordance With the invention pro vides for essentially constant pressure measured at the monitored consumer regardless of its location and head loss in the piping netWork and also regardless of sudden changes in consumption or periodic such changes. In accordance With another aspect of the present invention there is provided a differential control valve useful in obtaining a constant ?oW rate in spite of pressure changes in the line by eliminating such pressure alterations. Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling pressure at a Water supply system so as to provide desired pressure at a monitored consumer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention calls for a Water supply system comprising a netWork of consumers and a pressure regulat ing system Which in spite of alternating ?oW rate through the system maintains the pressure at the monitored consumer at a desired pressure level. In accordance With one aspect of the invention there is provided a Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a moni tored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure, a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) associated With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a differential control valve (DCV); a pickup unit for measur ing a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to a controller; said controller generating a control signal respon sive to the pressure signal to activate an actuator of the DCV thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV, so as to obtain desired pressure at the monitored consumer, regard less of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. In accordance With one embodiment, the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured adjacent the PRV and converted into 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the moni tored consumer, based on conversion calculations. And in accordance With another embodiment the ?oW parameter is pressure measured at the monitored consumer. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, there is typically provided a pressure pickup for reading pressure at an outlet line of the DCV to generate a local pressure signal, Whereby said local pressure signal and the pressure signal are com pared at the controller. In accordance With still another embodiment, the Water supply system further comprises a bypass gate for overriding the DCV in case malfunction of the DCV and/or of the controller is detected (including any control parameters eg softWare problems, control signal errors etc.). In accordance With a different aspect of the present invention, there is provided a differential control valve useful in a pressure control system in accordance With the present invention. The differential control valve comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet, a dynamic inlet and a valve outlet; a control chamber sealingly partitioned by a ?exible diaphragm dividing the chamber into an a ?rst chamber communicating With the static inlet, and a second chamber communicating With the valve outlet and With a controlled ?oW passage serving to effect communication betWeen said second chamber and said dynamic inlet; a spring loaded obturating member articulated With the diaphragm and being axially displaceable Within the con trolled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure dis placement of the ?exible diaphragm; and a controlled actuator for axially displacing the obtu rating member thereby to govern ?oW through the controlled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure over the ?exible diaphragm and an opposing force imparted by the actuator and the spring. In accordance With one particular embodiment of the differential control valve the obturating member is a needle type sealing member ?tted for sealing engagement With a corresponding sealing seat of the ?oW passage; said sealing member and sealing seat being essentially equally tapered and Where cross-sectional ?oW area betWeen the sealing seat and the sealing member is proportional With respect to axial displacement of the sealing member. The invention is further concerned With a method for controlling pressure at Water supply system comprising a supply line and a netWork of consumers, one of Which being a monitored consumer Who receives the least amount of pressure; a pressure regulation system comprising a pressure reducing valve (PRV) ?tted With a pilot valve preset to a nominal output pressure, a pressure control system compris ing a differential control valve (DCV) connected in series to said pilot valve, a ?oW parameter pickup unit and a con troller; the method comprising the folloWing steps: (i) measuring a ?oW parameter indicative of the pressure at the monitored consumer and emitting a pressure signal to the controller; (ii) generating a control signal by the controller, said control signal being responsive to the pressure signal; (iii) activating an actuator of the DCV by the control signal, thereby governing the ?oW rate through the DCV so as to control ?oW rate through the pilot valve and to obtain desired pressure at the monitored con sumer, regardless of altering ?oW rate through the PRV. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate, the method com prises the additional steps of: US 7,201,180 B2 5 (iv) measuring the ?oW rate adjacent the PRV and trans mitting a ?oW rate signal to the controller; (V) converting the ?oW rate signal into a pressure signal representative of the pressure at the monitored con sumer, based on conversion calculations; (vi) measuring the local pressure at an outlet line of the DCV and generating a corresponding local pressure signal; (vii) comparing the local pressure signal and the pressure signal and generating a corresponding control signal (viii) returning to step (iii). It is advantageous that the Water supply system be ?tted With a bypass gate overriding the DCV such that at the event of malfunction of the system, the bypass opens to thereby provide outlet pressure Pomat an outlet of the PRV corre sponding With the nominal output pressure set at the pilot valve. The invention is also concerned With a Water supply system Which is capable of handling also signi?cantly loW ?oW rates thus avoiding so-called “hunting”, namely a situation at Which a typical Water supply system cannot stabiliZe its pressure parameters at loW ?oW rates. Accordingly, there is provided a Water supply system comprising a line connected to at least one consumer, a pressure regulation system comprising a high ?oW rate path and a parallely installed bypassing loW ?oW rate path; said high ?oW rate path comprising a high ?oW pressure regu lating valve (HFPRV) having a high nominal ?oW output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a ?rst nominal output pressure; and a pressure control system comprising a controller, a differential control valve (DCV), a pickup unit for measuring ?oW rate through the system; said loW ?oW rate path comprising a loW ?oW pressure reducing valve (LFPRV) having a loW ?oW nominal output and associated With a pilot valve preset to a second nominal output pres sure; Wherein said pickup unit emits a ?oW parameter signal to the controller Which generates a responsive control signal to activate an actuator of the DCV to thereby govern the ?oW rate through the DCV; Whereby When the ?oW parameter signal declines beloW a preset value, said DCV closes entailing in closing of the HFPRV and simulations opening of the LFPRV; and When the ?oW parameter exceeds said preset value the LFPRV closes and the HFPRV opens. Where the ?oW parameter is ?oW rate measured before or after the HFPRV, but before or after the branching of the loW ?oW control circuit, respectively, the DCV comprises: a housing ?tted With a static inlet and a dynamic inlet both being in ?oW communication With an outlet of the pilot valve preset to a high nominal output pressure, and a valve outlet being in ?oW communication to an outlet of the HFPRV; a control chamber sealingly partitioned by a ?exible diaphragm dividing the chamber into an a ?rst chamber communicating With the static inlet, and a second chamber communicating With the valve outlet and With a controlled ?oW passage serving to e?fect communication betWeen said second chamber and said dynamic inlet; a spring loaded obturating member articulated With the diaphragm and being axially displaceable Within the con trolled ?oW passage responsive to differential pressure dis placement of the ?exible diaphragm; and an actuator controlled by the controller, for axially dis placing the obturating member thereby to govern ?oW through the controlled ?oW passage responsive to di?eren tial pressure over the ?exible diaphragm and an opposing force imparted by the spring and the actuator. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to understand the invention and to see hoW it may be carried out in practice, some preferred embodiments Will noW be described, by Way of non-limiting example only, With reference to the accompanying draWings, in Which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a Water supply system in accordance With an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic representation shoWing in someWhat more detail a control system of the Water supply system illustrated in FIG. 1; FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate a differential control valve used in a ?oW control system in accordance With the present invention, Wherein: FIG. 3A illustrates the valve in a closed position; FIG. 3B illustrates the valve in a partially open position; and FIG. 3C illustrates the valve in a completely open posi tion; FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a differential control valve in accordance With the present invention, the valve in its closed position; FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a Water supply system in accordance With a different embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the control system used in a Water supply system in accordance With the embodiment of FIG. 5; and FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a control system for preventing hunting, in association With a Water supply system in accordance With the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Attention is ?rst directed to FIG. 1 of the draWings, illustrating by Way of a schematic representation, a Water supply system in accordance With the present invention Which represents a branching portion of a typical municipal Water supplying system. The system comprises a netWork of pipes originating at a source of water, eg lake, Water reservoir, Well, etc. (not shoWn). Water may be propelled through the pipe netWork 20 by means of one or more pumping units 24 or other suitable means, as knoWn per se, e.g. gravity, etc. The Water ?oWing through the pipe netWork is pumped at essentially high pressure until it reaches to branching sections at each neighborhood or block Where a pressure reducing valve (PRV) 26 is ?tted for reducing pressure of the Water as Will become apparent hereinafter With more detail also to the control system generally des ignated 30 illustrated in someWhat more detail in FIG. 2. It is a concern of the Water supplying company (typically municipality, etc.) that all the consumers along a supply line receive at least a certain nominal pressure to thereby ensure proper operation and functioning of various pressure acti vated equipment, eg sprinklers, valve and ?ltering means, etc. as Well as to enjoy reasonable pressure and domestic Water facilities, eg tap shoWers, etc. On the other hand, it is a signi?cant concern of the Water supplying company that the pressure at the consumers does not exceed a certain nominal pressure so as not to be liable to damages caused by over pressure, e.g. bursting of pipes (typically occurring in solar collectors), signi?cant leaks, etc. A main pipeline 32 extending from PRV 26 branches off into pipes 34 leading to a netWork of consumers comprising several houses 36 and a municipal or domestic faucet 38 and US 7,201,180 B2 7 a signi?cantly remote consumer designated 40 positioned on top of a hill and connected to the main pipe 32 by pipe line 42. Under normal conditions, the pressure monitored at this latter consumer 40 is loWest, oWing to the long pipeline reaching thereto (friction and head loss through coupling and branching elements) and oWing to head loss in vieW of altitude differences. The consumer 40 is referred to as a monitored consumer (at times also referred to as a critical consumer). Further discussion is directed to the control system gen erally designated 30, With further reference being made also to FIG. 2. The PRV 26 comprises an inlet 50 coupled to an upstream main pipe section 20 and an outlet 52 coupled to a doWnstream main pipe line 32. A ?oW passage 56 is formed Within the PRV betWeen the inlet 50 and outlet 52 sealable by a valve member 58 sealingly engageable over a valve seating 62. The PRV further comprises a control chamber 64 formed With a ?exible diaphragm 66 axially supporting the valve member 58. The arrangement is such that pressuriZing the pressure chamber 64 causes diaphragm 66 to deform doWnWardly, entailing corresponding displacement of valve member 58 toWards valve seating 62, thus restricting or completely closing the ?oW passage 56. DepressuriZing pressure cham ber 64 results in axial displacement of valve member 58 to disengage from the valve seating 62 so as to reopen the ?oW passage 62. The pressure Within the control chamber 64 is governed by the amount of Water introduced or drained from the chamber 64. A control bypass line 72 is connected to the PRV upstream at 74 being in ?oW communication With an inlet pressure PinWhiCh corresponds With the upstream pres sure. Fitted on the control bypass line 72 there is a ?lter unit 78 and a ?oW restriction ori?ce 80 having a constant ?oW rate. Extending into the control chamber 64 is a pressure control line 82. Further ?tted on the control bypass line 72 there is a pilot valve 86 having a nominal outlet pressure, manually adjustable by screW-type governor 88. Extending doWnstream of pilot valve 86 and connected to pipe section 87 there is a differential control valve (DCV) 90 having an outlet coupled to outlet 52 of the PRV 26. The DCV comprises an electrically operated actuator 92. The construction of DCV 90 Will be explained in more detail With reference to FIGS. 3 and 5. The DCV is coupled to the PRV at 96 by pipe section 94 being in ?oW communication With a doWnstream portion of main pipe 32 at pressure Pom. As can be seen in FIG. 1, a pressure pickup unit 100 is ?tted at the site of the monitored consumer 40, said pickup unit 100 comprising a transmitter for transmitting a pressure signal PS receivable by a controller 108. It is appreciated that rather than transmitting the pressure signal PS by Wireless communication means, this may be carried out by other means, eg Wired telecommunications (e.g. telephone lines, electric lines, optical signaling etc.). The control loop closes upon issuing a control signal CS Which is responsive to the pressure signal PS and Which activates the actuator 92 of the DCV, as Will be explained hereinafter in more detail. A Water supply system Which is not supported by a closed-loop control system Would normally have several pressure drops during the day, as a result of increased consumption typically measured at the morning hours (be tWeen about 6 and 9 am.) and again in the evening hours (betWeen about 7 and 9 p.m.). HoWever, these peaks are subject to changes, eg at Weekends, upon setting of DST, season changes, major events such as an important sports match, etc. Each time such a pressure drop is measured, the 5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 monitored consumer 40 Will experience a rather signi?cant drop in pressure Which may have in?uence on functioning of some household equipment or even e?ect quality of life. On the other hand, in order to compensate for loss of pressure during critical hours, the system may be programmed such as to avoid pressure drop beloW a predetermined minimum nominal pressure at said monitored consumer. The outcome of such an arrangement is that at the so-called dead hours of the day, i.e., those hours Which Water consumption is kept to a minimum (eg after midnight and before daWn) consump tion is very loW and thus minor leaks at the piping, eg at connections and couplings, eg 109 in FIG. 1, or leaks in domestic or public taps, e.g. faucet 38 Will become signi? cant leaks. The Water supply system in accordance With the present invention, as illustrated by one example in FIG. 1, over comes this problem by continuously monitoring the pressure at the monitored consumer 40 Where the minimal nominal pressure is determined. Apressure signal corresponding With the pressure measured at the pressure pickup unit 100 is transmitted and picked up by aerial 113 of the controller 108. Responsive to the pressure signal PS, the controller gener ates a control signal CS to the actuator 92 of the DCV 90 to thereby open or close a ?oW path through the DCV 90 such that the PRV 26 is continuously adjusted to provide the desired pressure at the monitored consumer 40, regardless of altering ?oW rate oWing to changes of consumption. The controller 108 is preprogrammed or programmable so as to control the actuator 92 Within preselected ranges of operation so as to not exhaust poWer source (typically batteries) and to reduce Ware of the system occurring by excessive use. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the controller 108 be programmed so as to generate a control signal CS corresponding With a range of pressure signals PS so as to respond only to signi?cant pressure changes for example, a control signal CS Would be generated by the controller 108 only When the pressure signal departs from a certain range of value. Each time a control signal CS is emitted by controller 108, the actuator 92 of DCV 90 changes a ?oW passage in the DCV to thereby control the amount of Water ?oWing through pipe section 94, ie the extent to Which the pressure chamber 64 of PRV 26 is pressurized, eventually controlling the outlet pressure Pout of PRV 26. Further attention is noW directed to FIGS. 3A to 3C of the draWings concerned With a particular design of the differ ential control valve (DCV) 90 Which is a needle-type valve. The differential control valve comprises a housing 132 having a static inlet port 136 (Which in the con?guration of the control system illustrated in FIG. 2 is coupled to pipe section 87) and a dynamic inlet 134 (Which in the con?gu ration of a control system of FIG. 2 is also coupled to pipe section 87). Housing 132 is further formed With a valve outlet 140 (Which in the con?guration of the control system of FIG. 2 is coupled to pipe section 94 extending to the outlet port of PRV 26). Formed Within the DCV 90 there is a control chamber 144 sealingly partitioned by a ?exible diaphragm 146 Which divides the control chamber into an upper, ?rst chamber 148 being in ?oW communication With the static inlet 134, and a loWer, second chamber 150 being in ?oW communication With the outlet port 140. A ?oW passage 154 is formed With a sealing surface 156. The ?oW passage 154 communicates betWeen the dynamic inlet 134 and the second chamber 150, and in fact serves to effect communication betWeen the dynamic inlet 136 and the outlet 140. An obturating member 160 is articulated at 162 US 7,201,180 B2 to diaphragm 146 and comprises a tapering sealing portion 164 corresponding With the tapering sealing seat 156 (best seen in FIG. 3C). An O-ring 166 is provided for complete sealing. The obturating member 160 is axially displaceable Within the How passage betWeen a completely closed position and open positions in Which ?oW communication is effected betWeen the dynamic inlet 134 and the outlet 140. The obturating member 160 is normally biased toWards sealing engagement (closing) of the How passage 154 by means of an actuating mechanism 169 comprising a coiled spring member 170 bearing at one end against a support plate 172 ?tted at an end of the obturating member 160 and at its opposed end against an axially displaceable plate member 174 ?tted on a threaded rod 176 supported by bearing 178 and rotatable by means of actuator 92. The arrangement is such that the rotation of rod 176 entails axial displacement of plate member 174 to thereby increase or decrease axial force of spring 174, resulting in axial displacement of support plate 172 and respectively of obturating member 160 toWards opening or closing ?oW passage 154. It is hoWever appreciated that both inlet ports, namely static inlet 136 and dynamic inlet 134 are coupled to the same Water supply line and are thus equally pressured. Accordingly, the ?rst chamber 148 and the second chamber 150 are equally pressured resulting in that the diaphragm 156 is in a neutral position apart from axial pressure applied by the actuating mechanism 169. Pressure Within the second chamber 150 With the force applied by spring 170 converted into pressure, is essentially equal to the pressure in the ?rst chamber 148. The outcome of this arrangement is that the dynamic pressure is differentiated and the actual opening of the How path is governed by the axial pressure applied by the actuating mechanism 169, namely by the force of spring 170 and the axial displacement imparted by the actuator 92. Whoever, it should be appreciated that the obturating member 160 may be axially displaced by means other than the actuating mechanism 169, eg by a hydraulic actuating mechanism., etc. In the position of FIG. 3A, the DCV 90 is in its so called closed position Wherein sealing portion 164 of the obturating member 160 sealingly engages seat 156 to effectively close the How passage 154. In FIG. 3B, the DCV 90 is illustrated in a partially opened position Wherein the How passage 154 is opened to some extent to effect communication betWeen the dynamic inlet 134 and the outlet 140, via the second chamber 150. It is appreciated that the corresponding taper ing surfaces 156 and 164 give rise to a sufficiently Wide ?oW passage Which is less susceptible to blockage by sand, dirt, etc. In the position of FIG. 3C, the DCV 90 is illustrated in a completely open position Wherein the plate member 174 is completely retracted and essentially no force is applied by spring 170 to thereby e?fect maximal ?oW betWeen the dynamic inlet 134 and the outlet 140. Further attention is directed to FIG. 4 of the draWings Which illustrates a DCV in accordance With an embodiment of the present invention generally designated 190 Which is essentially similar in principle to the DCV 90 illustrated in FIGS. 3Ai3C, the main difference residing in the construc tion of the inlet ports. As seen in FIG. 4, the housing 194 comprises a main inlet 196 splitting into a dynamic inlet 198 and a static inlet 200 communicating With the main inlet 196 via duct 204 integral With the housing 194. Other compo nents and construction of the DCV 190 are similar to those disclosed in connection With the DCV 90 illustrated in FIGS. 3Ai3C and the rear is directed to the description referring to these ?gures. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 10 Further attention is noW directed to FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrating a Water supply system in accordance With an embodiment of the present invention. The present embodi ment differs from the previous embodiment illustrated With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, in particular as far as concerned With the control system generally designated 220. Accord ingly, elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 Which are similar With those of the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 are designated same reference numbers With a prime () indication. In the present example Water is provided to a suburb of a toWn supplying Water to a plurality of houses 225, some industrial facilities 227 and public facilities 229 eg an office building and a skyscraper 230 constituting the so called monitored consumer Wherein the pressure measured is loW est. Unlike in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a How meter 240 is ?tted on a supply line 242 extending from the PRV 26 for measuring a How parameter Which in the present case is a How rate signal FRS Which signal is then transferred to controller 250. The How rate signal is converted at the controller 250 into a corresponding pressure signal repre sentative of the pres sure residing at the monitored consumer 230. This is obtained by conversion calculations Which based on experience and measurements convert a How rate signal into a pressure signal. Responsive to the FRS (and to the pressure signal PS corresponding thereto) a control signal CS is generated at the controller 250 Which control signal CS is then directed to actuator 92 of a DCV 90 to thereby activate the actuating mechanism of the DCV 90 as explained hereinbefore With reference to FIGS. 3Ai3C. In addition, a pressure sensor 258 is ?tted on line section 94 extending betWeen an outlet 140 of the DCV 90 and the outlet 52 of the PRV 26. The pressure sensed by pressure meter 258 transmitting a general local pressure signal PS Which is compared With the converted pressure signal obtained by the How rate signal FRS so as to close the control loop and thereby provide a more accurate control loop. The arrangement in accordance With the embodiment of FIG. 5 is such that upon increase of How rate sensed by the How meter 240, a corresponding ?oW rate signal FRS is transmitted to controller 250 Whereby a corresponding pres sure signal is obtained, in response to Which a control signal CS is generated by controller 250 so as to actuate the actuator 92 of the DCV 90 to thereby drain the pressure chamber of the PRV 26 to thereby increase ?oW through the PRV and provide the increased demand, e. g. in peak hours as explained hereinabove. HoWever, When the How rate sensed at the How meter 240 decreases, a corresponding control signal CS is transmitted by controller 250 to the actuator 92 of DCV 90 to thereby close the How passage thereof Whereby the pressure cham ber of the PRV 26 is pressured to thereby e?fect restriction of the How passage of the PRV 26. The embodiment of FIG. 6 illustrates a control system generally designated 260 Which comprises the same ele ments as in the control system 30 of FIG. 2 and thus like elements are designated With same reference numbers dis tinguished by a double prime indication. The control system 260 of FIG. 6 comprises an additional bypass gate 264 overriding the DCV 90 With an electrically operated gate 268, typically being a solenoid connected by a control line 270 to the controller 108. The arrangement is such that When the system senses a faulty position eg a broken spring of the DCV or an error in the controller 108, a capacitor 274 ?tted in the controller US 7,201,180 B2 11 108 is discharged to activate the solenoid 268, whereby bypass gate 264 opens so as to override the DCV 90. Upon opening of the override gate 264 the DCV 90 becomes inactive Whereby the pilot valve 86 is directly connected to outlet 96 of PRV 26. It is obvious that a bypass gate 264 as illustrated in FIG. 6 may as Well be applied on to a control system of the type disclosed With reference to FIG. 5. Furthermore, it is appre ciated that rather than activating solenoid 268 by discharg ing capacitor 274, an override control signal ORCS may be generated by the controller 108 each time some sort of faulty state is sensed. For example, in case of a communi cation problem Where any of the signals is not received or transmitted by the controller, a poWer failure, a mechanical problem concerned With the DCV (e.g. breakage of spring), softWare problems, etc. Even more so, rather then a solenoid activated gate, other means may be utiliZed for opening the gate, such as, for example, hydraulics or pneumatics. Turning noW to FIG. 7, there is illustrated a control system in accordance With a variation of the invention, generally designated 300. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, elements Which correspond With elements referred to in FIG. 2 are given same reference numbers shifted by 200. The control system 300 is in particular suited for handling situations referred to in the art as hunting Where the How through supply line 332 is signi?cantly loW and Where the PRV 326 is not capable of providing stabiliZed outlet pres sure. This occurs in particular since the PRV 326 is designed for handling high ?oW rates and Where insigni?cant dis placement of the valve member 358 With respect to the valve seat 62 , renders the device unstable. This situation is overcome by providing a control system 300 as illustrated in FIG. 7 comprising a high ?oW control circuit 319 and a loW ?oW control circuit 321. High ?oW control circuit 319 comprises a high ?oW pressure regulating valve HFPRV 326 ?tted With a control system similar to that disclosed in connection With FIG. 2, i.e. comprising a ?lter unit 378, a How restriction ori?ce 380, a pressure control line 382, a pilot valve 386 and a DCV 390. Controller 408 is provided for governing actuator 392 of DCV 390 and further receives a How rate signal FR sensed by a How meter 325 ?tted for measuring the total ?oW through the system. The How meter 325 may be ?tted either before or after the HFPRV 326, but before or after the branching of the loW ?oW control circuit 321, respectively. The loW ?oW pressure control circuit LFPRV designated 321 is in fact a pipe system overriding the high ?oW pressure regulating valve HFPRV 326 by a tube section 327 extend ing from an upstream inlet pipe 320 and an outlet pipe section 329 connected doWnstream to main supply line 332. A loW ?oW pressure regulating valve LFPRV 331 is ?tted along the bypass ?tted With the loW pressure control circuit 321 comprising similar elements, namely a ?ltering unit 333, a How restriction ori?ce 335 and a pilot valve 337 connected doWnstream of the LFPRV 331 at 339. Extending betWeen the How restriction ori?ce 335 and the pilot valve 337 is a pressure control line 341 connected to the pressure chamber 347 of the LFPRV 331, similar to the arrangement of the high ?oW pressure control circuit 319 and to the control system generally designated 30 of FIG. 2. The arrangement in accordance With the embodiment of FIG. 7 is such that the How rate is continuously monitored by How meter 325 issuing a How rate signal PR to the controller 408. Upon detecting that the How rate has dropped beloW a minimal threshold, the controller 408 generates a control signal CS to the actuator 392 of the DCV 390 to thereby compress the coiled spring of the DCV thereby 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 12 closing ?oW through the DCV 390. As a result, Water no longer ?oWs through pilot valve 386 Whereby the control chamber 364 of HFPRV 326 is highly pressured to thereby close the How passage of the HFPRV 326 by valve member 358. As already mentioned, the How meter 335 may be positioned at any location suitable for measuring the total ?oW through the system. As a result, pressure drops at the outlet 339 of LFPRV 331, beloW the preset pressure at the pilot valve 337, Whereby the How passage ther

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