英语五种简单句ppt课件

专题：句子成分与五种简单句,什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。,主语1.主语是一个句子的主题，也是句子的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。2.它的位置一般在句首。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。Themeetingwillbeginat9:00.(名词)WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(代词)Smokingisbadforyou.(动名词),谓语1.谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语之后。2.谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当。3.谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。Weworkhard.(动词）Mikelikeshisnewbook.(动词）Hisparentsfeelhappy.(连系动词+表语)Sheisreading.(动词）,表语1.表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。2.表语位于连系动词之后，二者构成系表结构，即合成谓语3.表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。Herbrotherisadriver.(名词)Ittastesdelicious?(形容词)Wewereathomelastnight.(介词短语)Thisbookismine,notyours.(代词)Thefilmisexciting.(现在分词),宾语1.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。2.只有及物动词可带宾语，有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。3.由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当。Heoftenhelpsme.(代词)WestudyEnglishatschool.(名词)Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.(数词)Remembertobuysomestamps.(动词不定式)Helikesmakingyoulaugh.(动名词)Hesaid,Youarewrong.(句子)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?(从句),宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1.名词/代词宾格+名词：Thewarmadehimasoldier.2.名词/代词宾格+形容词：Pleasekeeptheroomclean.3.名词/代词宾格+介词短语：Ioftenfindhimatwork.4.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式：Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5.名词/代词宾格+分词：Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.,状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语的通常是副词。1）副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度状语）Theboy,now,needsapen.（时间状语）2）介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(时间和地点状语)3）不定式作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）4）名词作状语：Comethisway!（方向状语）,定语1.定语是用来修饰名词;代词或句子的成分2.定语有前置定语,后置定语3.充当定语的词有：形容词;名词;代词;数词;名词所有格.方位副词;不定式;动词的ing形式;过去分词;从句等例如：Tomisahandsomeboy.(形容词作定语)HisnameisTom.(代词作定语)TheboyinblueisTom.(介词短语作定语)Thereisnothingtodotoday(不定式作定语),一：+i（主谓）二：+（主谓/系表）三：+t+（主谓宾）四:+t+IO+D(主谓间宾直宾）五:+t+O（主谓宾宾补）*Therebe+S,五种基本句型：,Iwalkinthestreet.,1.S+Vi(主+谓),Thedogloveshim.,2.S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾),Iamhandsome.我帅呆了,3.S+V+P(主+系+表),4.S+Vt+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾),Myfriendsentmeaboxofchocolates.,5.S+Vt+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补),Thepaintingmakesuslaugh.,6.There+be+主语（+状语）,Therearetwolovelycatsinthebaskets.,1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓),Review:1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓),句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.,(二)选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast,(三)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.,(四)挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.,(五)挑出下列句中的定语TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?,(七)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?,插入语：插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，是独立成分。,1.通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。,2.形容词或形容词短语，副词或副词短语，介词短语，分词短语，动词不定式,代词词组,句子可以做插入语。,Eg:mostimportantofall，fortunately,luckily,ofcourse,inshort,ontheotherhand,inmyopinion,generallyspeaking,totellyouthetruth,allinall,asyouknow,whatsmore,同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语也是一种名词修饰