虚拟语气课件.ppt

Grammar,SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气（1）,英语动词有三种语气,陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.虚拟语气的定义:,用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望,建议,假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,3.if条件句可分为两类：真实条件句：假设的情况可能发生,用陈述语气。eg.Ifitrainstomorrow,wellgoout.,非真实条件句：假设的情况不可能发生,或者可能性很小,用虚拟语气。eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.,V.过去式(be用were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+have+done,1.V.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.wereto+V.(原),would/could/should/might+V.(原),一.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法。(P86),would/should/could/might的选择根据这些词的意思来定。,1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。,Ifyou_herefiveminutesearlier，you_thebus.,2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。,IfI_notbusy,I_younow.,3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？,What_wedoifit_tomorrow?,hadgot,were,wouldhelp,should,weretosnow,wouldhavecaught,IfIwonthelottery,Iwould,IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.,Ifhe_(drive)morecarefully,he_(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,IfI_(learn)howtoswim,I_trappedinthisisland.,hadlearnt,wouldnothavebeen,IfI_alotofmoneyinthefuture,I_buyavilla.,had,would,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中(P.87),Wish的宾语从,Iwishhe_that.我希望他没这样做。IwishI_richinthefuture.(be)Iwouldratheryou_,too.我宁愿你也去了。Dontcome.Iwouldratheryou_tomorrow.（come）,hadntdone,wouldbe,1.wish/wouldrather引导的宾语从句,wish后用过去将来时(would/could/might+V.原);wouldrather后用过去时,过去完成时(had+过去分词),过去时(were),hadgone,came,IwishIwereastallasyou.,我希望和你一样高。,Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,3.表示要求，命令，建议等动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。,从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,一坚持二命令三建议四要求,insist,order,command,advise,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,desire,eg.Theyrequestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,注意：1)insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”时,后面从句不用虚拟.（表示“坚持要某人做某事”，用虚拟）如：Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyill.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2)suggest表示“暗示”,“表明”时,后面从句中不用虚拟.(表示“建议”，用虚拟)如:Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,(should)have,was,(should)obey,was,1.以上动词相应的名词：order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等后的从句，包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。或在“Itis/wassuggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/.+that从句”结构中要用虚拟语气。（should）+V.原,三、虚拟语气用在其他从句中,eg.1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups.（表语从句）2)Hegaveanorderthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.(同位语从句)3）Itssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.,2.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句从句中要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,eg.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe(should)refusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatwe(should)studyhard.,3.asif/though+状从,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,eg.ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshehadbeenthereherself.,注意:与wish/wouldrather表示现在和过去的情况用法一样。,1）他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。,HetreatsmeasifI_astranger.,2）他们交谈着，好像认识好多年一样。,Theytalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.,were,hadbeen,注：asif/asthough从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气(和If从句一样)。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。eg：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）,3.Ifonly要是就好了(与wish用法一样)eg.IfonlyIknewhisname!（过去时表现在）Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!（过去完成时表过去）IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!（过去将来时表将来）,1)要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了!2)要是我没错过火车就好了！,hadntmissed,couldlive,Ifonlyourparents_withus!,IfonlyI_thetrain!,4.Its(about/high)time+that从句“该做了。”(从句中用过去时或should+V.原，但should不能省),eg.我们该去睡觉了。,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,1)Itishightimethat_.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。2)Itistimethat_.该是他作出决定的时候了。,hemadeup/shouldmakeuphismind,wehad/shouldhaveourlunch,Multiplechoices,1.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he_thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.couldhaveboughtD.bought2.IdontthinkthatIshallfail.ButifI_,Iwouldtryagain.A.failB.wouldfailC.shouldfailD.hadfailed3.IwishI_abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe4.Themaninsistedthathe_there.幻灯片15shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sentD.besent,C,C,C,5.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished6.-“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”-“No,butIwishI_”haveB.willC.doD.had7.IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!幻灯片21A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened8.Itshightimehe_home.幻灯片22A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo,C,D,D,B,9.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.幻灯片16A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished10.Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_time.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad11.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourschool.A.willhappenB.happen