英语专业毕业论文-对中国大学生的心理咨询.doc

对中国大学生的心理咨询 大学环境都有据可查,作为一项普遍紧张期间，在那里学生面临着许多挑战，例如缺乏支持网、孤独感、经济困难、时常竞争的文化，以及来源于不熟悉的焦虑。不能成功的解决这些问题将会对他们的文化进程、心理健康以及学术造成消极的影响。为了给大学生全面健康的发展铺垫道路，发展心理咨询成为了必要。在我的论文当中，我介绍了心理咨询的内容、以及将来的发展趋势。如今，心理咨询备受越来越多的人的关注。作为学校心理咨询的一种模式，发展性咨询被许多学校高度重视。发展性咨询和障碍性咨询有许多不同之处。了解这些不同之处可以帮助我们更清晰的理解心理咨询的目前情况、其功能以及相应的解决办法。只有当我们认识到心理咨询的益处，我们才能帮助大学生形成正确的知我意识、加强自我调节能力、提高心理素质。因此，我们应当宣传心理咨询的重要性、加强管理并且培养更多的专业人士来为大学生提供更好的服务。On Psychological Counseling for College Students in China Abstract The college environment is documented as a universally stressful period when students face many challenges, such as loss of supportive network, feelings of isolation, economic hardship, coping with competing cultures, and anxiety which emanates from unfamiliarity. Unsuccessful resolution of these challenges can negatively impact the acculturation process, their mental health, and their academic programs. So it is necessary to develop psychological counseling to pave a better way for college students comprehensive denelopment.In my article, I introduce the contents and future trend of psychological counseling. Nowadays, more and more people pay much attention to psychological counseling. And, development counseling ,as a basic mode of school psychological counseling, is emphasized by many schools. There are many differences between development counseling and obstacle counseling. Knowing these can help us clearly understand the fuction，present situation，and some solutions of psychological counseling. Only when we recgonize the benefits of psychological counseling, will we be able to help college students form self-conciousness, improve adaptability and psychological health. Therefore, we should propagandize the importance of psychological counseling, strenghten management, and cultivate more and more professionals to provide a better service for college students.Key words: college students, psychological counselling, problems, solutionsCONTENS 摘 要.Abstract.Chapter1 Introduction.11.1 Main Contents of University Students psychological counseling.1 1.2 The Significance of University students psychological counseling.21.1.1 To form the correct self-awareness and develop a strong personality.21.1.2 To enhance their abilities to adjust themselves and improve psychological quality3 1.1.3 To enhance psychological health and promote healthy growth.3Chapter 2 Some Important Concepts and Terms.42.1 Worldview.4 2.2 Acculturation and Enculturation.52.3 Development Counselling and Obstacle Counselling.52.3.1 The meaning and theoretical basis of developmental consulting62.3.2 The comparison between obstacle consulting and development consulting.7Chapter 3 The Present Situation and Problems of the Psychological Counseling for College Students in China.8 3.1 From the Perspective of college students.9 3.2 From the Perspective of the Psychological Counseling Workers.9 3.3 From the Authorities Side.9Chapter 4 Possible Ways to Solve the Problems.10 4.1 From the Students Side.10 4.2 From the Psychological Counseling Workers Side.10 4.3 From the Authorities Side.104.4 The Future Trend of University Students Psychological Counseling.11Chapter 5 Conclusion.12References.12Acknowledgements.12 21Chapter 1 Introduction As our country is opening itself to the outside world and having more and more international exchange and cooperation, competition is on the rise. As a result more and more Chinese students are having psychological problems, which confuses their parents, coupled with some experts. College students are in a transition period from immature to mature. Their psychology developments in a state of imbalance . Therefore, It produces many negative effects For example, psychological problems will affect students mood, behavior, communication, love, the choice of occupations and self-development. Discovering college student psychological problems through psychological counseling is necessary. But in the real society, especially in China, the psychological education and instruction were neglected. So it is urgent for us to improve the overall quality of psychological counseling. 1.1 Main Contents of University Students Psychological Counseling Main contents of the psychological counseling for college students in China can be summarized as the following：(1) Psychological counseling on study The main task of students is to study. However, they are facing a lot of problems, such as they dont have efficient motivation in their study, they cant study positively, and they are uaually self-abandoned. These are the most commom problem reflected on college students.(2) Counseling on communication College students communicate with each other more often than the middle school students and the scope of communication is much wider. Thus they have much more complicated associations. They are earlier make more friends. Meanwhile, they are usually self-restricted, which brings about many bad psychological factors on communication. So, sometimes, they become troubled, worried ,unhappy. Therefore, the concrete help and instruction shoud be provided.(3) Counseling on love Love is very common among college students, But they cant deal with it reasonably. They are offensive. They express their love rashly and they cant handle the relation between love and study effectively. The means of education or management cant solve these problems. Psychological counseling can help them set up correct concept of love.(4) Counseling on choice of careers Basing on traditional notion, going to college means having “a secure job and living in safe”. Nowdays, college students find jobs through two way choices, with the widening and deepening of the reform, the days of “the princess has no problem to be married out “has gone for ever. They have to concern about what they will do after graduation wether they are at college or in high school.(5) Counseling on adapt ability to circumtance Entering college is a most important transition to students in their life. However, to the newcomers, they have lots of problems about thought, study and life, which make them troubled. They cant adapt to the new condition and new life style. These will cause psychology imbance and even bring about psychological disease. So helping the newcomers to get rid of these inadaptabilities and tiding over the transition from high school to college students have played an important role in the PAR.(6) Counseling on individual development. In the college age, the studentssense of self-conciousness develops quickly. In college, they are more positive, creative than in the middle school. They are in self-recongnization, self-realization and self-improvement. But they often experience controdictions, conflicts and puzzles. In these case, a lot of students hope to understand themseves and handle themselves through psychological counceling.（7）Counseling on behaviourThe college studentspsychology is developing from immature to mature. It wil bring about negative behaviours, like antagonistic behaviour, converse behaviours, self-restrainning behaviours, self-murduring behaviour, ect. It is uneasy to cure these psychological diseases. 1.2. The Significance of University Students Psychological Counseling1.2.1 To form the correct self-awareness and develop a strong personalityPersonility not only includes a personquality, emotion, and persevarance, but also includes the attitude toward life, belief, marality and value. Forming perfect personality is the most important value fuction in psychological counseling for college students. College stage is an important period to model personality. They are in various kings of complicated condition. It is easy for them to produce sadness, anxiety, lack of perseverance, confidence and so on. College students psychology obstacle and psychology disease results from lack of correct self-conciousness. Only can they have correct recgonition and estimating self-advantage and shortcoming, they can adapt schol life and study sucessfully. Psychological counceling can affect the level and direction of college students personglity, then makes them know themseves, accept themselves and express their mood reasonably.1.2.2 To enhance their abilities to adjust themselves and improve psychological diathesisPsychological diathesis bases on inheritance. It is a steady psychological diathesis and psychological ability which is formed through acquired education and environmental impact. It is a psychological diathesis, which affect college students study and life. Nowadays, in college life, students are facing many unhappy things. With the rapid pace of life and various life style, their psychology are becoming more and more complicated. They are under more pressures and contradictions. To college students, they can not adapt to the new circumstance, fail the exam and conflict between others. All these will cause axiety depression, sadness and some negative mood. Psychological counseling can help them comprehensively, objectively recgonize themselves and face their problems. Especially teaching them how to adjust themselves, persuade and drain their bad mood, remit psychological pressure, recover psychology balance. Psychological counseling can help students adjust their cognitive style, change their mode of thinking, and make them have positive attitude toward life .1.2.3 To enhance psychological health and promote healthy growth Pychological counseling can help college students understand their own mental disorder and some troubled problems. It can help them know themselves objectively, perfect their psychological diathesis, prevent and eliminate their mental disorder and psychological problems. Psychological counseling direct college students how to adjust themselves, eliminate confused problems, cultivate the quality of never giving up, and then improve the ability of facing difficulties and adapting to the changeable society. Psychological counseling can makes students know: only we can know ourselves, accept ourselves, and develop ourselves, can we know surpass ourselves. Psychological counseling can make their psychologies become more and more mature, strengthen independence and perfect themseves. Psychological counseling gives college students a great change to overcome bad experience and pave a brilliant future for them. So in the rapid development society, more and more students experience a bad psychology. It is urgent for us to build enough counseling institutes to help people, especially college students, cultivate a healthy mind. Chapter 2 Some Important Concepts and TermsBefore delving into the cultural characteristics of college students. It is necessary to discuss the two key elements that affect our cultural interpretations: worldview and acculturation. We will begin by examining the concept of worldview and how it might influence college studentsbehaviours. 2.1 Worldview The development of awareness and understanding of any cultural group must be preceded by an understanding of ourselves in relation to the world around us and specifically to the college students. This understanding is broadly referred to a worldview (Sue, 1981). In the psychology literature, there is little attention to the application of a worldview. It is surprised that the worldview has received in counseling and other mental health professions (e.g., Brown & Landrum-Brown, 1995). Kontos and Breland-Noble (2002) provided the lone examination of a worldview in relation psychology coounseling with different cultural groups in the U.S. However, they did not examine worldview in relation to college students. A worldview is constructed from ones personal history, and interaction with individuals from different cultural groups, media portrayals of these groups, and dominant culture social views. It results from the practice in life. It is spontaneous to the average person. World outlook and methodology is consistent. If someone has positive worldview, he or she will have positive methodology. Theoretical orientations also affect ones worldview (Ivey Ivey, & Simek-Morgan, 1997). For example, psychology counseling with a cognitive behavioral theoretical orientation might adopt a worldview that focuses on short-term, action-focused, educational solutions. In contrast, a student psychology consultant with an existential theoretical orientation might adopt a worldview that focuses more on listening to the teachers concerns and allows the student to find his or her own way. Each of these orientations might provide effective consulting depending on the situation and the students. However, the incorporation of a multicultural worldview into these and other (e.g., psychodynamic) theoretical orientations would allow the psychology consultant to consider the cultural context of the students. A multicultural worldview encompasses group identity (i.e., cultural consciousness), individual identity (i.e., self-concept), beliefs (e.g., spirituality), values (e.g., family), and language (Dana, 1993) and should be integrated into existing psychology theories and approaches to consulting work with them. We believe that as psychology advisors, we must first examine our own perceptions (and in some cases, misperceptions!) about the college students.2.2 Acculturation.Cultural context is determined by the level of enculturation and acculturation of a particular student. Enculturation refers to an students identification with and engagement in the cultural beliefs, values and practices of their own culture (Berry, 1993). For example, a young baseball player named Pedro who recently arrived in the U.S. from the Dominican Republic to play minor league baseball might continue to speak primarily Spanish.He will contact his mother via phone daily, and make the sign of the cross before he bats, and have a daily cafecito (small coffee) after practice, all of which would indicate a high level of enculturation. The same to college students. On the other hand , Acculturation indicates an students identification with and engagement in the dominant cultures practices (Landrine & Klonoff, 1994). For example li Ming, a student who was born in Xingjiang, has lived most of her life in Nanchang. She acts and dresses like her schoolmates, listens to the same music as them, and speaks Chinese as his first language. Li Ming is detached from the culture beliefs and values of his parents, and only speaks Xingjiang dialect to her Grandparents, who still live in Xingjiang, during her infrequent phone calls to them. She shares more in common culturally with his peers than his family and Xingjiang heritage. As these examples suggest, being sensitive to an students acculturation/enculturation can help the psychology consultant avoid making erroneous cultural and adjust their behaviors . It is important to note that these processes are malleable and might change over the course of multiple consulting sessions. A student, Lucy, who studies in Nanjing university. During her first year, she was very enculturated, particularly in regard to her concerns about letting her family down (which created performance anxiety) and troubles interacting with teachers. (resulting from a lack of confidence in her English speaking ability). Her level of enculturation played an important role in the authors understanding of both of these issues. At the start of her sophomore year. For a year, she was much more acculturated. Her new found confidence in studying. This example illustrates the need for the psychology consultant to continue to be sensitive to the evolving acculturation level of students. 2.3 Development Consulting and Obstacle CounsellingThere are two modes in psychological counseling. They are development counseling and obstacle counceling. Development counceling is a positive psychological counseling. It provides psychological help, support, involving, cure to the people who have obstacle psychology. It eliminates obstacle and promotes ones psychology toward a healthy direction. However, obstacle counseling includes depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, nervous break down. Development counseling depends on regular rules and characteristic, helps people realize individual psychology development, solves contradiction effectively, adjust themselves to adapt the changeable society, and promotes the development of personality. 2.3.1 The meaning and theoretical basis of development consulting.Develop school psychological counseling has become a hot spot of our school education. The mode of school psychological counseling is an important theoretical problem of school psychological counseling. Considering students characteristics and the demands that develops a target, I think development consulting is a basic mode of psychological counseling.In 1945, CarlRogers published a book . Basing on