第一章 音标和单词记忆方法.doc

暑期英语初高中衔接讲义高中英语学习指导和建议：同学们进入高中之后会发现：高中三年的学习比初三还要紧张，根据考纲要求高中阶段需要掌握3500（初中约800个左右）个英语单词和500个短语，要在听，说，读，写各方面有大幅提高，因此希望我们养成以下习惯，让学习变得事半功倍，才能让你的高中三年生活多姿多彩：1.开口朗读的习惯2.预习的习惯3.记笔记的习惯4.完成作业的习惯5.看英语原版电影，听唱英语歌，听英语广播和阅读课外英语读物与摘抄的习惯6.整理错题本的习惯7.用英语双解词典的习惯8.用英语记日记的习惯学习英语五个一：一套作业本（听写本，作业本，作文本），一本纠错本，一本笔记本（至少够一学期用），一本字典，一本新概念英语第二册,每周背诵一篇第一课时：音标和利用音标记忆单词一：英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/短元音/e/e/a/ 双元音/e/a/辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/轻辅音/h/ts/t/tr/浊辅音/r/dz/d/dr/鼻音/m/n/ 半元音 /j/ w/边音/II字母组合及发音练习：Activity1将划线部分的发音填在空白处，并注意字母或字母组合与发音之间的联系。元 音：音标 例 词 字母或字母组合1. : sit milk beside pretty money honey study busy Sunday2. : we me see feet tea sea season piece believe thief 3. : watch water shop problem stop sorry coffee clock cough 4. : short sport talk small warm quarter daughter autumn pour5. : put full wood book could should 6. : do who ruler zoo food blue cruel group through7. : cat hat apple bag happy land angry accident glad 8. : fast grass father car star start argue heart 9. : come some bus butter flood blood double enough 10. : seven else get debt many dead ready guess question friend 11. : today polite about again famous over monitor measure picture12. : first girl nurse hurt work worst her term early earth 13. : late waste wait train play say14. : tiger nine why cry die lie night right 15. : soil point voice toy boy destroy16. : go no road goal showown toe17. : about loud cow flower 18. : near tear here deer beer engineer19. : fair hair pear bear where there care share20. : poor tour sure辅 音： 音标 例 词 字母或字母组合1. : pen picture apple happy people 2. : big table cabbage rabbit bike web3. : tall time fat little bottle worked jumped light4. : dog card middle daddy 5. : can music lake seek back truck according Christmas school 6. : good dog eggguy guess dialogue league7. : fat knife photo phone enough laugh coffee 8. : seven drive vote have very leave 9. : seven six pencil ice science miss discuss10. : zoo zero lazy use music eraser 11. : think thank mouththree bath birthday 12. : they withthere father within 13. : sugar sure ship short Russia special 14. : usual measure decision pleasure 15. : china rich teacher match catch church16. : jeep Japan age orange bridge17. : train try truck tree true country 18. : drive dress drink dream dragon drew 19. : cats students its gets20. : goods birds friends words21. : mine make woman climb common 22. : nice fine knife knee announce 23. : ink pink spring wing24. : line look tell challenge 25. : red road tomorrow arrive wrong write 26. : hero hello who whole 27. : work window want what when white 28. : you young year yellow Activity 2Listen to the song and try to fill in the blanks and see who can learn to sing it more quickly.Take me to your heartHiding from the _and snow, trying to forget but I wont let goLooking at a _street ,_to my own heart beat So many people all around the world, tell me _do I find someone like you girl!Take me to your heart take me to your soul, give me your _before Im old.Show me what _is - havent got a clue.Show me that _ can be true.They say nothing_ forever ,Were only here today.Love is now or never,_me far away ,Take me to your heart take me to your soulGive me your_ and hold me ,Show me what love is - be my guiding star!Its easy take me to your heart!Standing on a _high, looking at the _through a _blueskyI should go and_ some friends. But they dont really comprehend.Dont need too much _without saying anythingAll I need is someone who _me wanna sing.Take me to your heart take me to your soulGive me your hand before Im old Show me what love is - havent got a clue Show me that wonders can be true They say nothing lasts foreverWere only here todayLove is now or never Bring me far awayTake me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold me Show me what love is - be my guiding star Its easy take me to your heart Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold me Show me what love is - be my guiding star Its easy take me to your heart.二：利用字母和字母组合的读音背诵单词（见材料；字母的发音规则总结）三：背诵单词的方法：1、拆分法 a、将生词拆分成小部分并且每部分都有一定的意思； b、联系方式：将几部分组合成一个合理的场景； 注意：根据自己的背景拆分，联想不限于任何的形式；拆分法的特点： 当形成一个很好的拆分形式，非常容易记住生词的意思。 例：peacock 孔雀 pea 豌豆 cock 公鸡 enterprise 企业 enter 表进入 prise 表扬 beam 衡量，平衡木 be - am freshman 大学一年级学生 fresh 新鲜 man 人 income 收入 in 在什么里面 come 来2、换顺序法 a、把字母顺序变化位置组成熟悉的单词； b、重组后单词的意思要和原文有一定的关联； 例：awl 钻，钻研 law 法律 evil 犯罪 live 生活 funeral 葬礼 fun (有趣的) - earl - real (真正的，真实的) reed 芦苇 deer 鹿 提示：各种方法可以结合使用。3、换字母法 替换单词中的一个或几个字母，使其组成认识的单词。 例：roast 烤，烧烤 coast 海滩 worm 小虫子 warm 温暖的 merry 愉快的，惬意的 marry 结婚4、加减字母法 a、加或减字母组成认识的单词； b、重组的单词意思与生词有联系； 例：coast 海滩 coat 衣服，外套 launch 发射 lunch 午饭 pace 步骤，脚步 peace 和平 总结 以上四种方法的核心思想 将生词通过各种方式联系到学过的熟悉单词5、谐音法 外来词 例：motor摩托车 model模特 clone 克隆 Disney 迪斯尼 heroin 海洛因 shopping 购物，血拼 pest 昆虫，小虫子 envelop 信封6、构词法 根据前后缀的意思，猜出单词的含义 词根：词头和词尾 词头 anti 反，相反的，反对的 anti-American 反美的 antifreeze 防冻剂 ex 在什么以前 ex-president 前总统 ex-girl friend 前女友 bi 双 ，两个 bilingual 双语的 biweekly 每两周一次tele 遥远 telephone 电话 telescope 望远镜 telegraph 电报词尾 icide 杀害 suicide 自杀 pesticide 杀虫剂 ism 表示什么主义 socialism 社会主义 cs 表示学科 physics 物理学 politics 政治学背单词的技巧之二：不断的重复 背单词流程1、读单词，读若干遍2、琢磨记忆单词的方法3、按照步骤2的方法，默记若干遍4、用所记的生词造句记忆单词的周期以及时间安排 以七天作为一个周期 第一天：第一次记单词把时间安排到晚上；浏览200个左右； 第二天： 1）刚睡醒时，再看一遍昨晚浏览的单词； 2）午饭前，看早上浏览的单词； 3）睡觉前，看200个新单词； 第三天： 1）刚睡醒时，再看一遍昨晚浏览的单词； 2）午饭前，看早上浏览的单词； 3）睡觉前，浏览一二天看的400个单词； 第四天、第五天、第六天重复前三天的过程，记忆了400个新单词； 第七天：重复复习前六天学过的800个单词。第二周的内容和第一周一样，以此类推，推四周； 第29、30天，上午浏览所有看过的单词；下午和晚上重点记忆不认识的单词。有了好的学习方法，你才有时间在学习好的基础上玩出精彩。初高中衔接练习一、选择填空从下面各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。1. Does Tom often play _ football after _ school? A/, / B/, the Cthe, / Da, a 2. How wonderful! The _is made of _. Ahouse , glass Bhouse, glasses Chouses, glass Dhouses, glasses 3. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A20 minutes walk B20 minutes walk C20-minutes walk D20-minute walk 4. Uncle Tom asked David, Sam, _ brothers and _ three to help write the cards. Amy, I Bmy, me Cmyself, I Dmyself, me 5.The man _ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show. Ain front of Bin the front of Cat the back of Dat the beginning of 6. The garden _while the Greens were away from home. A. took good care of Bwas taken good care Cwas taken good care of Dwas taking good care 7. Have you finished _the book? Not yet. Ill try _it to you before Friday. Areading, returning Bto read, to return Creading, to return D. to read, returning 8. Many people watched the boys _ the mountain at that time. Aclimb Bclimbing Cto climb Dclimbed 9. India had the second _population in the world. Alargest Blarger Cmost Dsmallest 10.When father was young, he _ from morning till night. Awas made work Bwas made working Cmade to work Dwas made to work 11. Five-year-old children are too young to go to school, _? Aare they Barent they Cwere they Dhave they 12. _I put my coat here? Sorry, you _. AMust; mustnt BDo; dont Ccan; neednt DMay; cant 13. Tom wants to try _some of his ideas. Aon Boff Cout Dto 14. Could you tell me if it _tomorrow? A. rain Bwill rain Craining Drains 15.Do you know _ at the bus stop? A. whom they are waiting for Bwho they are waiting C whom are they waiting for Dwho are they waiting 16. The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes _. A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed 17. _ there any good news in todays newspaper? AAre BIs CHave DHas 二、根据句意和首字母的提示写出所缺单词，使该句子完整、合理。1. L_ One is the easiest in this book.2. I had a c_ and two eggs for breakfast this morning.3. We c_ the classroom every day.4. Trees t_ green in spring.5. “What did you do last night?” “I did my h_ and then watched TV.”6. Most of the children e_ playing computer games.三、据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1 I can see three _ on the desk. (pen)2 This room is _. It isnt yours. (our)3 “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _ are.” (your)4 We live on the _ floor. (eight)5 Li Lei is _ than Li Tao. (old)6 The Changjiang River is the _ river in China. (long)四、下列各句中各有一处错误，找出错误，并将该序号填在括号中，然后将正确答案写在横线上。 （共8分，每小题2分）1. The baby is sleeping. Youd better to turn down the radio. ( )_A B C D2. Its time for the meeting. Please stop to talk.( )_ A BC D3. Is there interesting anything in todays newspaper?( )_A B C D4. There will have a talk about music in our school tonight.( )_ A B C D五、 根据中文意思和英文提示词语，用所学过的句型写出正确的句子。所给英文提示词语必须都用上；每题限用一个句子表达。（共8分，每小题2分）a) 他昨天上学迟到了。He, late, for, yesterday_b) 李先生太忙，不能来看比赛了。Mr. Li, is, busy, come and watch the game_c) 我父亲不是今天就是明天回来。My father, come back, today, tomorrow_d) 我认为和春天相比，她更喜欢夏天。Think, she, summer, spring_六、 根据中文意思和英文提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段。所给的英文提示词必须都用上，句数不限；中文提示内容不必逐句翻译。（共12分）几年以前我家只有一间小屋。三个人住一间屋真是很难。现在我们已经搬进了一套两室一厅的单元房。我非常高兴。当我父母做家务时，我能 我爱我的家。a) a few years ago, family, have, one small roomb) it, be, three people, in the same roomc) now, a new flat(单元房), one living room, two bedroomsd) be happy, my homework, quietly, my own room, my parents七、完形填空通读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳一项。There was a woman in Detroit, who had two sons. She was worried about them, especially the younger one, Ben, 1 he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class made jokes about him because he seemed so 2 .The mother 3 that she would, herself, have to get her sons to do better in school. She told them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a 4 a week and do a report about it for her.One day, in Bens 5 , the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben put up his hand and the teacher let him 6 . Why did Ben raise his hand? they wondered. He 7 said anything. What could he possibly want to say?Well, Ben not only 8 the rock;