主谓一致.doc

主谓一致 指主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。三大原则 语法上一致 意义上一致 就近原则主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。主语的形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数，形单意复的单词如：people , police, cattle.主语形式为复数，意义却为单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的如：works ,news 和一些以ies结尾的学科名称 physics , polities就近原则谓语动词的单复数的形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等连接的并列主语，若一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词与靠近它的词语一致。具体注意要点一.名词做主语1. 某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似2.某些集体名词，people ,police ,cattle 等只当是复数看待，谓语须用复数.3. 单复数同形的词语做主语，谓语应根据意义决定其单复数的形式。4. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，（如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。5. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略（这种情况一般纸商，工场，住宅等），这时，动词一般用单数。常见的有：the baker s, the barber s , the Zhang s等。 注意：表示店铺的名词做主语时，谓语常用复数。6. 单数名词被more than one , many a 修饰，概念上是复数，但中心词是单数，谓语须用单数。注意“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语多用复数。7.由两部分构成的表示工具或衣物的名词做主语的时，谓语常用复数，glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等，但当主语用a pair of , a series of , a set of +名词时，谓语都用单数。8.this kind of +单数名词 this kind of +复数名词 单数名词+of this kind these kinds of +复数名词 复数名词+ of these kinds9. 若名词词组中心词是all, most , half , rest,等词语时，若所指的是复数意义，谓语就用复数，反之就用单数。10. 复数形式的单复数同形的名词，如，works, Chinese, Japanese, 做单数意义解的时，谓语用单数，反之用复数。11.在主谓倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Out rushes_ (rush) a boy .Between the two windows _hangs_(hang) a picture.12.不定代词each , every , no所修饰的名词，即使以逗号或连接成多主语时，谓语仍用单数。Each boy and each girl _wants_(want) to serve the people in the future.由连词连接的名词做主语1. 用and或 bothand 连接并列主语，谓语用复数。注意：若并列主语表示同一概念，指同一人或同一概念时，谓语用单数。Bread and butter a knife and forkSalt and water a needle and threadIron and steel2.主语后接as well as , as much as , no less than , along with, with, like , rather than , together with, but , except, besides, including , in addition to , 等引导的词组时，其谓语的单复数按主语的单复数来定。3.以or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等连接的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。代词做主语1.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语的形式取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours _is_(be) a great Party .Your shoes are black , mine are_(be) brown .2. Such , the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数。Such _is_(be ) our plan. Such _are_(be) his words .3.不定代词any , some, more , either, neither , none , all, 等做主语时，有以下的两种情况:1) 单独做主语时，视其意思而定。2) “不定代词+of +不可数名词”， 谓语用单数，“不定代词+of +复数名词或代词”， 谓语动词用单复数均可，neither , either 单独做主语时，谓语常用单数。分数，量数做主语1.“分数或百分数+名词”，“a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a large quantity of , half of )+名词”做主语时，若其中的名词为复数可数名词，谓语用复数，若是不可数名词，谓语用单数。2. “large quantities of +可数或不可数名词”做主语时，谓语一般用复数。3. “a great deal of (a large amount of )+不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用单数，“large amounts of +不可数名词”做主语时， 谓语常用复数。3.“one and a half +复数名词做主语时，谓语用单数。4. Half of (part of )+ 名词做主语时，若名词为单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数，若名词为复数名词，谓语用复数。名词化的形容词做主语“the +形容词（或过去分词）做主语时，谓语常用复数，这类结构常有：the blind , the old , the rich , the young , the wounded, the sick等。但有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，这时，谓语用单数。从句做主语一般有特殊疑问词引导的主语从句，谓语用单数，但由what 引导时，当它代表的具体内容是单数，谓语就用单数，反之，就用复数。What we need _is_(be) more time.What we need _are_(be) more teachers.（一）谓语动词常用复数的情况 1）主语为复数名词或代词 The teachers are respected in the world2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上 为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数 The police are looking for the missing child. The cattle are kept in his farm.3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America4）the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时 如 the+ blind,deaf, living,dead,wounded,poor,richold, young等5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人 The Whites are going to make a trip to London.The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out. （二）谓语动词常用单数的情况 2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 4) 以-S 结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news, physics, maths，politics)谓语用单数。5) clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 6) Eachneither +of + the+复数名词或代词either7) many a / each / every either / neither +单数名词 more than one当each放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.Every everyeach +名词单数and+ each +名词单数作主语时，谓语作单数no nomany a many aEvery desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.9）由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语用单数Nobody wants to go there.Something has been done to end the strike.10）man(人类) 和the world(世人)作主语时 Man has created many useful things. The world knows that the earth is round.（三）其它情况1）用and或bothand连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时and后面的名词一般没有冠词）。iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安a watch and chain 一块带链的表 A needle and thread(针线)a coat and tie配有领带的上衣2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(种类),works(工厂), Chinese, Japanese等。3) 表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of, a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： This kind of books is useful. = Books of this kind are useful. 4) 某些集体名词（如 family, team 等）作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有： class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等。5) 就近原则下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。A or B either A or B neither A nor B not only A but also B 动词与靠近的主语一致 there be A, B and C not A but B6)就前原则,当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as,no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides,including, in addition to等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。7) None of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可 None of + n（单数）作主语，谓语用单数8) a number of + n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数 the number