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医院 管理 系统 设计

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医院管理系统设计,医院,管理,系统,设计

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华科学院HUAKE INSTITUTE OF TAIYUAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 毕业设计（论文）题目：医院管理系统学 生 姓 名 王琳 学 号 201022030218 班 级 计算机102202H 所属院（系） 计算机科学与技术系 指 导 教 师 王海荣 2014 年 5 月 20 日太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）任务书学院（直属系）：计算机科学与技术系 时间: 2014年 3 月 4 日学 生 姓 名王琳指 导 教 师王海荣设计（论文）题目医院管理系统主要研究内容1.Java面向对象程序设计2.JavaEE企业开发方式以及相关技术3.管理系统的概念以及Java平台的实现研究方法按照软件开发根据MVC的设计架构，编写实现管理系统的代码，并将JSP、SERVLET、HTM格式的文件组合起来，具体包括：需求分析、体系结构设计、模块设计、数据库设计等相关设计。主要技术指标(或研究目标)JavaEE企业核心技术(servlet、jsp、jdbc、框架ssh、工作流引擎jbmp)主要参考文献1.实践者的研究方法 （美）普雷斯曼 2.Java Web整合开发王者归来 刘京华3.JavaScript权威指南 （美）弗兰纳根4.Java与模式 闫宏 5.HTML+CSS网页设计与布局从入门到精通 温谦医院管理系统摘要计算机管理已经渗透到了各行各业，对于一个医院来说，管理也是一个必备的环节，它包含着复杂的信息，这就需要应用计算机软件来对各项工作进行管理以发挥最大功效。这次设计的目的就是为医院创建一个方便、实用、快捷的系统，减轻医院工作人员的负担，同时，这也是现代化管理的必然要求。本系统的开发基于经典的瀑布模型。关键字: 医院管理系统，SSH，POIIIDevelopment of hospital management systemAbstractComputer management has been widely used in all walks of life .As far as the hospital is concerned, management is very important and necessary part what contains complex information. Therefore, we need to design a system of computer for improving the efficiency and level of ward management. The purpose of this design is to create a convenient, practical and efficient system, what can reduce the burden of medical workers, of course, that is the requirements of modern management.The development of this system is based on the classic waterfall model.Keywords: hospital management system, SSH, POI 太原科技大学华科学院毕业设计（论文）目 录摘要I关键字IAbstractIIKeywordsII第一章 系统概述- 1 -1.1 系统开发背景- 1 -1.2 项目开发的环境- 1 -1.2.1 硬件环境- 1 -1.2.2 软件环境- 1 -1.3 技术介绍及开发工具- 1 -1.3.1 Eclipse- 1 -1.3.2 Oracle11- 2 -1.3.3 Tomcat- 2 -1.4 任务概述- 2 -第二章 系统需求分析- 3 -2.1 系统实现的基本功能- 3 -2.2 数据库设计- 4 -2.2.1数据库概念结构设计- 4 -2.2.2数据库逻辑结构设计- 5 -2.2.3数据库物理设计- 5 -第三章 系统总体设计- 7 -3.1 系统结构- 7 -3.2 模块- 7 -第四章 系统详细设计和实现- 10 -4.1 前台界面设计- 10 -4.1.1 管理系统登录首页- 10 -4.1.2科室管理- 11 -4.1.3人员管理- 12 -4.1.4设备管理- 12 -4.1.5 备忘录- 13 -4.1.6病例管理- 14 -4.1.7 药品管理- 14 -4.2 后台技术介绍- 14 -4.2.1 SSH框架的整合- 14 -4.2.2建立工程- 16 -4.2.3 编写方法- 20 -4.2.4 编写操作功能- 30 -4.2.5 JQuery技术- 31 -4.2.6 JavaEE- 31 -4.2.7 增删改查的实现- 31 -第五章 测试- 39 -5.1 测试目的- 39 -5.2 测试目标- 39 -5.3 测试用例- 39 -结束语- 45 -参考文献- 46 -致 谢- 47 -附录 英文资料翻译- 48 -II- 1 -第一章 系统概述1.1 系统开发背景医院管理系统是一门容医学、信息、管理、计算机等多种学科为一体的边缘科学，在发达国家已经得到了广泛的应用，并创造了良好的社会效益和经济效益。医院管理系统是现代化医院运营的必要技术支撑和基础设施，实现医院管理系统的目的就是为了以更现代化、科学化、规范化的手段来加强医院的管理，提高医院的工作效率，改进医疗质量，从而树立现代医院的新形象，这也是未来医院发展的必然方向。1.2 项目开发的环境1.2.1 硬件环境酷睿处理器，4GB内存容量。1.2.2 软件环境Microsoft Windows7操作系统，Oracle11数据库，Eclipse开发工具，服务器采用Tomcat 6.0.32。1.3 技术介绍及开发工具本系统采用Java语言，基于JavaEE企业级开发，前台采用HTML，JSP，JavaScript，CSS，JQuery技术得到页面，后台用JQuery框架实现与数据库的交互，数据库采用Oracle11。1.3.1 EclipseEclipse，是一个十分优秀的用于开发Java, JavaEE的Eclipse插件集合。利用它我们可以实现在数据库和JavaEE上的开发，它有着功能丰富的JavaEE集成开发环境，包括了完备的编码、调试、测试和发布功能，完整支持HTML,Struts,JSP,CSS,JavaScript,Spring,SQL,Hibernate。在本设计中用Eclipse作为开发工具的角色出现。1.3.2 Oracle11 Oracle 11g是甲骨文公司在2007年年7月12日推出的最新数据库软件，Oracle 11g有400多项功能，经过了1500万个小时的测试，开发工作量达到了3.6万人/月。相对过往版本而言，Oracle 11g具有了与众不同的特性。1.3.3 TomcatTomcat 是一个轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应对HTML 页面的访问请求。本设计中，Tomcat是作为服务器的角色出现的，利用Tomcat来响应HTML页面的请求。1.4 任务概述本设计借助医院管理系统帮助学生强化软件开发的流程和规范，需要实现的功能大致包括：1. 科室管理 管理员可以执行添加新部门、删除部门、修改部门信息和查看部门列表信息等权利；2. 人员管理 管理员可以执行添加新人员、删除人员、修改人员信息和查看人员列表信息等权利；3. 设备管理 管理员可以执行添加新设备、删除设备、修改设备信息和查看设备列表信息等权利；4. 病例管理 管理员可以执行添加新病例、删除病例、修改病例信息和查看病例列表信息等权利；5. 药品管理 管理员可以执行添加新药品、删除药品、修改药品信息和查看药品列表信息等权利；6. 备忘录 用以提示员工近期的工作事宜。本系统的上述功能实现了对医院系统的科学管理和统一调配，基本满足了医院提出的要求。第二章 系统需求分析本系统运用Windows7作为操作平台，数据库采用Oracle11g数据库，运用的软件开发平台为Eclipse，属于浏览器/服务器模式，数据库在浏览器上能运行，并提供数据库之间的数据操作功能，人员具备知识：Java核心，数据库的基本操作，Web网页的基本开发。从技术可行性的角度可以完成此设计。医院管理系统解决医院的日常管理规范化、增加管理的可控性、提高医院运转的效率等基本问题，范围涉及科室、人员、病例、设备、药品管理以及提供备忘录，是医院提高整体运转能力不可缺少的工具。确定软件产品是否能够被最终的用户所接受，用户是否能操作最终的产品：由于网站的操作是基于B/S结构，简单明了，用户只需相关电脑的基本知识，而管理员也无需具备专业知识，只需要对一些数据进行输入以及平时的日常维护就够了。所以，从可操作性上来看，也是合理的。2.1 系统实现的基本功能1）用户登录管理在开发本系统时，为保证医院各项信息的安全及稳定性，我们设置的权限为各科室的负责人可以登录本系统，并且可以进行系统具备的各项管理功能。2）科室管理:显示、修改、删除、新增系统列出所有的科室；点击修改，即可进行科室信息的修改，系统设定科室的编号不允许被修改；点击删除，即可对该科室的信息进行删除；点击新增，即可新增科室及相关信息。查询:完成科室的查询,在此处提供按照科室编号、或者科室名、或者科室负责人查询的功能，系统会显示出对应的详细信息。3) 人员管理:显示、修改、删除、新增系统列出所有的在职人员，点击修改，即可进行人员信息的修改，本系统设定人员的工号和姓名不允许被修改；点击删除，即可将该员工的个人信息进行删除；点击新增，即可新增人员及相关信息。查询:完成员工的查询,在此处提供按照工号、或者姓名、或者科室编号查询的功能，系统会显示出对应人员的详细信息。4）病例管理:此功能目前尚未开放5）设备管理:显示、修改、删除、新增系统列出所有的设备信息，点击修改，即可进行设备信息的修改，本系统设定设备的编号不允许被修改；点击删除，即可对该设备的信息进行删除；点击新增，即可新增科室及相关信息。订购需求显示近期需要订购设备6）药品管理:此功能目前尚未开放2.2 数据库设计2.2.1数据库概念结构设计针对本医院管理系统，得到的总体关系图：图2.1 总E-R图2.2.2数据库逻辑结构设计把上述的关系图模型转化成关系模型为：科室（科室编号，科室名，人员数，负责人，电话）；员工（工号，name，性别，email，电话号码，入职时间，部门编号）；设备（设备名称，规格型号，批文号或配置证号，编号）。2.2.3数据库物理设计根据需求，本设计采用四张表来实现，包括人员表renyuan，见表2.1，科室信息表keshi，见表2.2，设备信息表shebei，见表2.3，登录表login，见表2.4。表2.1 人员表(renyuan )字段名 描述数据类型数据长度NULLPrimary keyJOB_ID员工编号NUMBER6NPKNAME姓名VC225NSEX性别VC24EMAIL邮箱VC225PHONE_NUMBER电话NUMBER20HIRE_DATE入职时间DATEDEPARTMENT_ID部门idNUMBER4表2.2科室信息表(keshi)字段名描述数据类型数据长度NULLPrimarykeyDEPARTMENT_ID部门idNUMBER6NPKNAME部门名称VC225NRENYUANS人员数NUMBER20MANAGER负责人VC220PHONE_NUMBER电话NUMBER20表2.3设备信息表（shebei）字段名描述数据类型数据长度NULLPrimarykeyname设备名称VC2125Nxinghao规格型号VC250num批文号NUMBER20id设备编号NUMBER20PK表2.4登录表（login)字段名描述数据类型数据长度NULLPrimarykeyJOB_ID工号NUMBER20PASSWORD密码NUMBER20第三章 系统总体设计3.1 系统结构根据需求，本医院管理系统分为科室管理，人员管理，设备管理，备忘录四个模块，如图3.1.图3.1 系统功能模块3.2 模块以下列出上述四个模块。人员管理模块包括：查询人员、设置人员、添加人员；模块图如图3.21.查询人员：按照工号或者姓名或者科室编号查询人员，系统会显示出对应人员的详细信息。2.设置人员：修改人员的信息以及删除人员的信息。3.添加员工：添加新人员及其信息。人员管理员调整添加人员设置人员查询人员图3.2 人员管理模块图科室管理模块包括：查询科室、添加科室、设置科室；模块图如图3.3。1.查询科室：按照科室编号或者科室名或者科室负责人查询。 2.添加科室：管理员添加新科室及其相关信息。3.修改科室信息：对科室的部分信息进行修改。4.删除用户：删除科室信息。 科室管理查询科室添加科室修改科室信息删除科室图3.3 科室管理模块图设备管理模块包括：显示设备、设置设备、添加设备；模块图如图3.41.显示设备：按照设备编号显示对应设备的详细信息。2.设置设备：修改设备的信息以及删除设备的信息。3.添加设备：添加新设备及其信息。设备管理员调整显示设备设置设备添加设备图3.4 设备管理模块图第四章 系统详细设计和实现4.1 前台界面设计前台界面接口是接口设计的一个重要的组成部分。对于交互式系统来说，前台界面设计和数据设计、体系结构设计及过程设计一样重要。4.1.1管理系统登录首页此系统有用户登录的功能，管理员需要输入工号和密码即可登录，页面如图4.1，其对应的流程图如图4.2。图4.1 登录页面图4.2 系统登录流程图4.1.2 科室管理科室调整包括增加科室、查询科室和设置科室。查询科室的列表页见图4.3，设置科室的列表页见图4.4，增加科室列表页如图4.5，其流程图见图4.11。图4.3 查询科室列表页图4.4 设置科室列表页图4.5 添加科室列表页4.1.3 人员管理用户管理包括增加人员，设置人员，查询人员信息，查询列表页如图4.6，设置页如图4.7，添加加页如图4.8，其流程图见图4.11。图4.6 查询列表页图4.7 设置人员页面图4.8 添加人员页面4.1.4 设备管理设备管理包括新增设备，设置设备两部分。新增设备页如图4.9，设置设备如图4.10，其流程图如图4.11。图4.9 新增设备页面图4.10 设置设备页面整体调整设备设置科室设置人员设置输入调整后的信息输入调整后的信息输入调整后的信息查询设备信息列表人员信息列表科室信息列表修改修改YYYNNN开始结束图4.11 整体调整流程图4.1.5 备忘录备忘录包括近期医院重要事宜。显示如图4.12。图4.12 显示备忘录页面4.1.6 病例管理此功能目前尚未开放4.1.7 药品管理此功能目前尚未开放4.2 后台技术介绍首先是根据系统需要实现的功能建立相关的数据，利用Oracle数据库来建立数据表。其次就是用MVC框架进行设计，MVC全名是Model View Controller，是模型(model)视图(view)控制器(controller)的缩写，一种软件设计典范，用一种业务逻辑和数据显式分离的方法组织代码，将业务逻辑被聚集到一个部件里面，在界面和用户围绕数据的交互能被改进和个性化定制的同时而不需要重新编写业务逻辑。MVC被独特的发展起来用于映射传统的输入、处理和输出功能在一个逻辑的图形化用户界面的结构中。4.2.1 SSH框架的整合根据医院管理系统所要实现的功能，需要建立四个相应的数据表，这里通过Oracle来实现的。打开Oracle软件，然后新建一个SQL脚本，如图4.13。图4.13 新建SQL脚本然后依次建立人员表renyuan，科室表keshi，设备表shebei，身份表login，并在每个表内插入少量数据提交，方便之后的工程测试。各个表的代码如下：人员表create table renyuan( JOB_ID NUMBER(6) not null, NAME VARCHAR2(25) not null, SEX VARCHAR2(4), EMAIL VARCHAR2(25), PHONE_NUMBER NUMBER(20), HIRE_DATE DATE, DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4)科室表create table keshi( DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(6) not null, NAME VARCHAR2(25) not null, RENYUANS NUMBER(20), MANAGER VARCHAR2(20), PHONE_NUMBER NUMBER(20) )设备表create table shebei( name VARCHAR2(125) not null, xinghao VARCHAR2(50), num NUMBER(20), id NUMBER(20) primary key)身份表create table login( JOB_ID NUMBER(20), PASSWORD NUMBER(20) )4.2.2 建立工程打开eclipse软件，根据MVC的设计模式来设计整个工程。首先新建一个工程，工程类型为Dynamic Web Project，工程名为bishe，如图4.14所示：图4.14 新建工程bishe然后打开右边的工程文件，在WebContent文件夹下面找到lib文件夹，此时需要将ojdc6.jar导入其中，如图4.15：图4.15 导入ojdbc6.jar右击工程名字，选择Build Path一栏里面的Configure Build Path，并在新打开的界面内加载ojdbc6.jar，如图4.16和图4.17：图4.16 Build Path图4.17 加载ojdbc6.jar右击工程名，选择属性Properties，在新打开的界面内将工程的编码格式修改为UTF-8，如图4.18：图4.18 修改编码格式紧接着在Java Resources文件夹下面的src文件夹里新建四个包package，分别为：com.weixin.util、com.weixin.bean、com.weixin.dao、com.weixin.servlet，如图4.19：图4.19 新建包在这四个包里面依次新建对应的文件，方便之后调用。4.2.3 编写方法此处介绍工程需要的方法。首先根据系统的功能需要建立人员、科室表、设备表这三个表各自对应的JavaBean，编写的原理和过程是相同的，下面以人员表的建立为例来说明。找到先前建立的com.weixin.bean包，然后右键点击包名，创建Java类，分别命名KeshiBean.java、RenyuanBean.java，如图4.20：图4.20 创建JavaBeanRenyuanBean.java文件内的代码如下：package com.weixin.bean;public class RenyuanBean private String job_id;private String name;private String sex;private String email;private String phone_number;private String hire_date;private String department_id;/public String getJobid()/创建一个get方法/return job_id;/public void setJobid(String job_id)/创建一个set方法/this.job_id = job_id;/public String getJob_id() return job_id;public void setJob_id(String job_id) this.job_id = job_id;public String getName() return name;public void setName(String name) = name;public String getSex() return sex;public void setSex(String sex) this.sex = sex;public String getEmail() return email;public void setEmail(String email) this.email = email;public String getPhone_number() return phone_number;public void setPhone_number(String phone_number) this.phone_number = phone_number;public String getHire_date() return hire_date;public void setHire_date(String hire_date) this.hire_date = hire_date;public String getDepartment_id() return department_id;public void setDepartment_id(String department_id) this.department_id = department_id;接下来需要建立信息展示时需要用的DAO层方法，右键点击com.weixin.dao选择新建Java类，人员表对应的为PageDao.java，如图4.21：图4.21 创建Dao层方法PageDao.java文件内的代码如下：package com.weixin.dao;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import com.weixin.bean.RenyuanBean;import com.weixin.util.DBUtil;public class PageDao public List pageById(int page)DBUtil db = new DBUtil();PreparedStatement pstmt=null;ResultSet rs= null;int pageSize=10;int startRow=(1)*pageSize;int endRow = page*pageSize;Connection conn= db.getConn();ArrayList arrList= new ArrayList();String sql = select * from (+ select rownum rn,job_id,name,sex,email,phone_number,hire_date,department_idfrom employees where rownum ? ;try pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); pstmt.setString(1,endRow+); pstmt.setString(2,startRow+); rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); while(rs.next() RenyuanBean eb = new RenyuanBean();eb.setJob_id(rs.getString(1);eb.setName(rs.getString(2);eb.setSex(rs.getString(3);eb.setEmail(rs.getString(4);eb.setPhone_number(rs.getString(5);eb.setHire_date(rs.getString(6);eb.setDepartment_id(rs.getString(7);arrList.add(eb); catch (SQLException e) / TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();finallyDBUtil.close(rs,pstmt,conn);return arrList;public int pageCount()Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;int pagesum = 0;int count = 0;DBUtil db = new DBUtil();Connection conn = db.getConn();String sql = select count(*) from renyuan;try stmt = conn.createStatement();rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);if(rs.next()pagesum = Integer.parseInt(rs.getString(1); catch (SQLException e) / TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();if(pagesum%10=0)count = pagesum/10;elsecount = pagesum/10+1;return count;接下来需要建立Java的Util包，util是utiliy的缩写，意为多用途的，工具性质的包，这个包中主要存放了：集合类（如ArrayList，HashMap等），随机数产生类，属性文件读取类，定时器类等类，这些类极大方便了Java编程，日常java编程中，经常要用到这些类。下面是Util文件里面DBUtil.java包含的代码：package com.weixin.util;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.sql.Statement;public class DBUtil private static final String DRIVER = oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver;private static final String URL= jdbc:oracle:thin:localhost:1521:xe;private static final String USERNAME= system;private static final String PASSWORD= admin;public static Connection getConn()Connection conn = null;try Class.forName(DRIVER); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWORD); catch (ClassNotFoundException e) e.printStackTrace(); catch (SQLException e) e.printStackTrace();return conn;public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement st,Connection conn)if(rs != null)try rs.close(); catch (SQLException e) / TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();if(st != null)try st.close(); catch (SQLException e) / TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();if(conn != null)try conn.close(); catch (SQLException e) / TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();public static void close(Statement st,Connection conn)close(null,st,conn);public static void close(Connection conn)close(null,null,conn);4.2.4编写操作功能上面已经完成了系统所需方法的编写以及一些基本配置，接下来就需要编写具体的功能，比如前台页面的设计，操作功能的连接，对于数据以及方法的调用。首先是前台页面的搭建，需要建立Html和Jsp两种类型的文件，Html属于静态页面，也就是说，如果你不用对展示的数据进行任何操作或页面跳转的限制，那么使用这种格式编写是可以的，否则需要使用Jsp格式进行编写。这里需要建立的文件分别是main.jsp、top.html、left.html、right.html、login.html ，如图4.22所示：图4.22 搭建前台页面本管理系统的管理界面用的是常用的三栏式管理，即顶部便捷功能栏，左边导航栏，右边展示操作栏，这里面最重要的是左边的导航栏。本系统的主要功能是科室管理、人员管理、设备管理、药品管理、病例管理和备忘录，所以左边栏的主导航按钮会有六个，每个导航按钮下面会有第二级导航，方便管理员管理，如图4.23：图 JQuery技术JQuery是JavaScipt的一个框架，对JavaScipt进行封装，使其使用步骤简单。4.2.6 JavaEEJavaEE是Java2平台企业版（Java 2 Platform,Enterprise Edition）JavaEE是一套全然不同于传统应用开发的技术架构，包含许多组件，主要可简化且规范应用系统的开发与部署，进而提高可移植性、安全与再用价值。4.2.7 增删改查的实现增删改查功能是本系统最重要的一个功能，要实现这些功能，除了上面涉及到的JavaBean、Dao层方法、Util集合方法类以外，还需要编写各个功能的JSP程序，执行前台界面下达的指令，并且将结果返回相应的程序内显示在前台界面，在此，以人员管理为例：实现新增用户需要的JSP代码：Insert title here员工信息录入工号:姓名:性别:email:电话号码:入职日期:科室编号:对应的文件realAdd.jsp代码如下：Insert title here实现修改用户需要的JSP代码：Insert title here信息修改用户idinput type=text name=Job_id value= /nameinput type=text name=name value= /性别input type=text name=sex value= /emailinput type=text name=email value= /电话号码input type=text name=phone_number value= /入职时间input type=text name=hire_date value= /department_idinput type=text name=department_id value= /对应的文件realUp.jsp的代码：Insert title here实现删除用户需要的JSP代码：Insert title here第五章 测试5.1 测试目的软件测试就是用来测试软件的功能和性能是否能够达到用户的需求，测试的目的是确保软件完成既定功能。 5.2 测试目标任何开发平台所开发的系统，测试的目标都是确保所开发软件的功能符合用户的要求。具体表现在以下几个方面：1 确保用户提出的需求：备忘录、科室管理、人员管理、设备管理、药品管理、病例管理。2 确保系统在要求的硬件和软件平台上工作正常。5.3 测试用例针对我做的模块设计测试用例，人员管理测试用例见表5.1，科室管理测试用例见表5.2，设备管理测试用例见表5.3。表5.1 人员管理测试用例测试场景测试项目预测结果（正常）测试结果人员管理管理员登录1正常情况下，系统预设只有各部门的负责人可以登录，使用其固定的工号进行登录，登录成功后跳转至主页面图5.1图5.2员工管理1正常情况下，点击人员管理，会显示出人员详细信息、人员新增和人员查找，点击员工查询会显示人员工号、姓名、性别、email、电话号码、入职时间、部门编号，可以进行对应的修改和删除操作图5.3图5.42单击列表中的人员新增，将进入新增人员页面；单击列表中的人员查找，将进入查找人员页面图5.5图5.6表5.2 科室管理测试用例测试场景测试项目预测结果（正常）测试结果科室管理科室具体信息1正常情况下，点击科室具体信息，会显示出科室编号、科室名、人员数、负责人、电话，可以进行对应的修改和删除操作 图5.7图5.82正常情况下，点击新增，将进入新增科室的页面；图5.9科室查询1单击科室查询，将进入科室查询页面图5.10表5.3 设备管理测试用例测试场景测试项目预测结果（正常）测试结果设备管理管理平台1正常情况下，点击管理平台，会显示出设备名称、规格型号、批文号或配置证号、编号，可以进行对应的修改和删除操作 图5.11图5.12设备新增1正常情况下，点击新增，将进入设备新增的页面；图5.13订购需求1点击订购需求，将进入订购需求页面图5.14图 5.1 登陆页面图 5.2 登陆成功跳转页面图 5.3 人员详细信息页面图 5.4 人员信息修改页面图 5.5 新增人员页面图 5.6 查找人员页面图 5.7 科室具体信息页面图 5.8 科室修改页面图 5.9 科室新增页面图 5.10 科室查询页面图 5.11 设备管理页面图 5.12 设备修改页面图 5.13 设备新增页面图 5.14 订购需求页面结束语从选题到做需求分析到代码的编写和实现，我对自己所选的系统一步步的有了更加清晰的认识。系统并不大，但是在实现其功能的过程中我还是遇到不少的困难，首先是界面的问题，开始的时候界面感觉不错，但随着功能模块的增加，需要有越来越多的页面，前台和后台的页面又需要不同的风格，这样就需要很多的时间来布置界面，实现功能的代码早已完成，但页面的布置一直跟不上功能的实现。在代码实现的过程中，也遇到很多问题，总结起来就两点，一是经常出现的空指针异常，另一个是找不到目标文件的异常，通过向老师、同学请教或者自己上网查询的方法之后，把这些错误也顺利的解决了。由于时间和能力等各方面的限制，系统的设计和功能方面还存在着很多不足，没有达到预期想象，还需要不断改进和完善。参考文献1 William Stallings.操作系统-精髓与设计原理:电子工业出版社，2009年2 萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论.北京：高等教育出版社，2000年3 王怀民.企业应用架构模式:机械工业出版社 ，2004 年 4 张海藩.软件工程导论:清华大学出版社，2008年5 李钟尉,马文强，陈丹丹.java从精通到入门:清华大学出版社，2010年致 谢在毕业设计即将结束时，首先向我的导师田璟霞老师致以最诚挚的谢意。感谢田老师对我的关心和孜孜不倦的教诲。同时还有王海荣老师，感谢她在设计阶段给予了我非常全面的指导，感谢计算机学院教导过我的所有的老师，这份毕业的成果离不开他们四年的教导与关怀。在我的学习和课题完成期间，我还得到了计算机科学与技术学院其他老师的帮助，在此一并表示诚挚的感谢。感谢一起在计算机科学与技术专业同班同学的热情帮助和支持以及在我完成课题的过程中的帮助和指导。附录 英文资料翻译英文原文：The technique development history of JSPBrian Wright Michael FreedmanThe Java Server Pages( JSP) is a kind of according to web of the script plait distance technique, similar carries the script language of Java in the server of the Netscape company of server- side JavaScript( SSJS) and the Active Server Pages( ASP) of the Microsoft. JSP compares the SSJS and ASP to have better can expand sex, and it is no more exclusive than any factory or some one particular server of Web. Though the norm of JSP is to be draw up by the Sun company of, any factory can carry out the JSP on own system. The After Sun release the JSP( the Java Server Pages) formally, the this kind of new Web application development technique very quickly caused the peoples concern. JSP provided a special development environment for the Web application that establishes the high dynamic state. According to the Sun parlance, the JSP can adapt to include the Apache WebServer, IIS4.0 on the market at inside of 85% server product.This chapter will introduce the related knowledge of JSP and Databases, and JavaBean related contents, is all certainly rougher introduction among them basic contents, say perhaps to is a Guide only, if the reader needs the more detailed information, pleasing the book of consult the homologous JSP.A. GeneralizeThe JSP(Java Server Pages) is from the company of Sun Microsystems initiate, the many companies the participate to the build up the together of the a kind the of dynamic the state web the page technique standard, the it have the it in the construction the of the dynamic state the web page the strong but the do not the especially of the function. JSP and the technique of ASP of the Microsoft is very alike. Both all provide the ability that mixes with a certain procedure code and is explain by the language engine to carry out the procedure code in the code of HTML. Underneath we are simple of carry on the introduction to it.JSP pages are translated into servlets. So, fundamentally, any task JSP pages can perform could also be accomplished by servlets. However, this underlying equivalence does not mean that servlets and JSP pages are equally appropriate in all scenarios. The issue is not the power of the technology, it is the convenience, productivity, and maintainability of one or the other. After all, anything you can do on a particular computer platform in the Java programming language you could also do in assembly language. But it still matters which you choose.JSP provides the following benefits over servlets alone: It is easier to write and maintain the HTML. Your static code is ordinary HTML: no extra backslashes, no double quotes, and no lurking Java syntax. You can use standard Web-site development tools. Even HTML tools that know nothing about JSP can be used because they simply ignore the JSP tags. You can divide up your development team. The Java programmers can work on the dynamic code. The Web developers can concentrate on the presentation layer. On large projects, this division is very important. Depending on the size of your team and the complexity of your project, you can enforce a weaker or stronger separation between the static HTML and the dynamic content.Now, this discussion is not to say that you should stop using servlets and use only JSP instead. By no means. Almost all projects will use both. For some requests in your project, you will use servlets. For others, you will use JSP. For still others, you will combine them with the MVC architecture . You want the appropriate tool for the job, and servlets, by themselves, do not complete your toolkit.B. Source of JSPThe technique of JSP of the company of Sun, making the page of Web develop the personnel can use the HTML perhaps marking of XML to design to turn the end page with format. Use the perhaps small script future life of marking of JSP becomes the dynamic state on the page contents.( the contents changes according to the claim of).The Java Servlet is a technical foundation of JSP, and the large Web applies the development of the procedure to need the Java Servlet to match with with the JSP and then can complete, this name of Servlet comes from the Applet, the local translation method of now is a lot of, this book in order not to misconstruction, decide the direct adoption Servlet but dont do any translation, if reader would like to, can call it as small service procedure. The Servlet is similar to traditional CGI, ISAPI, NSAPI etc. Web procedure development the function of the tool in fact, at use the Java Servlet hereafter, the customer need not use again the lowly method of CGI of efficiency, also need not use only the ability come to born page of Web of dynamic state in the method of API that a certain fixed Web server terrace circulate. Many servers of Web all support the Servlet, even not support the Servlet server of Web directly and can also pass the additional applied server and the mold pieces to support the Servlet. Receive benefit in the characteristic of the Java cross-platform, the Servlet is also a terrace irrelevant, actually, as long as match the norm of Java Servlet, the Servlet is complete to have nothing to do with terrace and is to have nothing to do with server of Web. Because the Java Servlet is internal to provide the service by the line distance, need not start a progress to the each claimses, and make use of the multi-threading mechanism can at the same time for several claim service, therefore the efficiency of Java Servlet is very high.But the Java Servlet also is not to has no weakness, similar to traditional CGI, ISAPI, the NSAPI method, the Java Servlet is to make use of to output the HTML language sentence to carry out the dynamic state web page of, if develop the whole website with the Java Servlet, the integration process of the dynamic state part and the static state page is an evil-foreboding dream simply. For solving this kind of weakness of the Java Servlet, the SUN released the JSP.A number of years ago, Marty was invited to attend a small 20-person industry roundtable discussion on software technology. Sitting in the seat next to Marty was James Gosling, inventor of the Java programming language. Sitting several seats away was a high-level manager from a very large software company in Redmond, Washington. During the discussion, the moderator brought up the subject of Jini, which at that time was a new Java technology. The moderator asked the manager what he thought of it, and the manager responded that it was too early to tell, but that it seemed to be an excellent idea. He went on to say that they would keep an eye on it, and if it seemed to be catching on, they would follow his companys usual embrace and extend strategy. At this point, Gosling lightheartedly interjected You mean disgrace and distend. Now, the grievance that Gosling was airing was that he felt that this company would take technology from other companies and suborn it for their own purposes. But guess what? The shoe is on the other foot here. The Java community did not invent the idea of designing pages as a mixture of static HTML and dynamic code marked with special tags. For example, Cold Fusion did it years earlier. Even ASP (a product from the very software company of the aforementioned manager) popularized this approach before JSP came along and decided to jump on the bandwagon. In fact, JSP not only adopted the general idea, it even used many of the same special tags as ASP did.The JSP is an establishment at the model of Java servlets on of the expression layer technique, it makes the plait write the HTML to become more simple.Be like the SSJS, it also allows you carry the static state HTML contents and servers the script mix to put together the born dynamic state exportation. JSP the script language that the Java is the tacit approval, however, be like the ASP and can use other languages( such as JavaScript and VBScript), the norm of JSP also allows to use other languages.C. JSP characteristicsIs a service according to the script language in some one language of the statures system this kind of discuss, the JSP should be see make is a kind of script language. However, be a kind of script language, the JSP seemed to be too strong again, almost can use all Javas in the JSP.Be a kind of according to text originally of, take manifestation as the central development technique, the JSP provided all advantages of the Java Servlet, and, when combine with a JavaBeans together, providing a kind of make contents and manifestation that simple way that logic separate. Separate the contents and advantage of logical manifestations is, the personnel who renews the page external appearance need not know the code of Java, and renew the JavaBeans personnel also need not be design the web page of expert in hand, can use to take the page of JavaBeans JSP to define the template of Web, to build up a from have the alike external appearance of the website that page constitute. JavaBeans completes the data to provide, having no code of Java in the template thus, this means that these templates can be written the personnel by a HTML plait to support. Certainly, can also make use of the Java Servlet to control the logic of the website, adjust through the Java Servlet to use the way of the document of JSP to separate website of logic and contents.Generally speaking, in actual engine of JSP, the page of JSP is the edit and translate type while carry out, not explain the type of .Explain the dynamic state web page development tool of the type, such as ASP, PHP3 etc., because speed etc. reason, have already cant satisfy current the large electronic commerce needs appliedly, traditional development techniques are all at to edit and translate the executive way change, such as the ASP ASP+;PHP3 PHP4.In the JSP norm book, did not request the procedure in the JSP code part( be called the Scriptlet) and must write with the Java definitely. Actually, have some engines of JSP are adoptive other script languages such as the EMAC- Script, etc., but actually this a few script languages also are to set up on the Java, edit and translate for the Servlet to carry out of. Write according to the norm of JSP, have no Scriptlet of relation with Java also is can of, however, mainly lie in the ability and JavaBeans, the Enterprise JavaBeanses because of the JSP strong function to work together, so even is the Scriptlet part not to use the Java, edit and translate of performance code also should is related with Java.D. JSP mechanismTo comprehend the JSP how unite the technical advantage that above various speak of, come to carry out various result easily, the customer must understand the differentiation of the module develops for the web page of the center and the page develops for the web page of the center first. The SSJS and ASP are all in several year ago to release, the network of that time is still very young, no one knows to still have in addition to making all business, datas and the expression logic enter the original web page entirely heap what better solve the method. This kind of model that take page as the center studies and gets the very fast development easily. However, along with change of time, the people know that this kind of method is unwell in set up large, the Web that can upgrade applies the procedure. The expression logic write in the script environment was lock in the page, only passing to shear to slice and glue to stick then can drive heavy use. Express the logic to usually mix together with business and the data logics, when this makes be the procedure member to try to change an external appearance that applies the procedure but do not want to break with its llied business logic, apply the procedure of maintenance be like to walk the similar difficulty on the eggshell. In fact in the business enterprise, heavy use the application of the module already through very mature, no one would like to rewrite those logics for their applied procedure.HTML and sketch the designer handed over to the implement work of their design the Web plait the one who write, make they have to double work- Usually is the handicraft plait to write, because have no fit tool and can carry the script and the HTML contents knot to the server to put together. Chien but speech, apply the complexity of the procedure along with the Web to promote continuously, the development method that take page as the center limits sex to become to get up obviously. At the same time, the people always at look for the better method of build up the Web application procedure, the module spreads in customers machine/ server the realm. JavaBeans and ActiveX were published the company to expand to apply the procedure developer for Java and Windows to use to come to develop the complicated procedure quickly by the fast application procedure development( RAD) tool. These techniques make the expert in the some realm be able to write the module for the perpendicular application plait in the skill area, but the developer can go fetch the usage directly but need not control the expertise of this realm.Be a kind of take module as the central development terrace, the JSP appeared. It with the JavaBeans and Enterprise JavaBeans( EJB) module includes the model of the business and the data logic for foundation, provide a great deal of label and a script terraces to use to come to show in the HTML page from the contents of JavaBeans creation or send a present in return. Because of the property that regards the module as the center of the JSP, it can drive Java and not the developer of Java uses equally. Not the developer of Java can pass the JSP label( Tags) to use the JavaBeans that the deluxe developer of Java establish. The developer of Java not only can establish and use the JavaBeans, but also can use the language of Java to come to control more accurately in the JSP page according to the expression logic of the first floor JavaBeans. See now how JSP is handle claim of HTTP. In basic claim model, a claim directly was send to JSP page in. The code of JSP controls to carry on hour of the logic processing and module of JavaBeanses hand over with each other, and the manifestation result in dynamic state bornly, mixing with the HTML page of the static state HTML code. The Beans can be JavaBeans or module of EJBs. Moreover, the more complicated claim model can see make from is request other JSP pages of the page call sign or Java Servlets.The engine of JSP wants to chase the code of Java that the label of JSP, code of Java in the JSP page even all converts into the big piece together with the static state HTML contents actually. These codes piece was organized the Java Servlet that customer can not see to go to by the engine of JSP, then the Servlet edits and translate them automatically byte code of Java.Thus, the visitant that is the website requests a JSP page, so the code of JSP in the web page does not need when the every time requests that page is explain. The engine of JSP need to be edit and translate after Servlet the code end is modify only once, then this Servlet that editted and translate can be carry out. The in view of the fact JSP engine auto is born to edit and translate the Servlet also, need not procedure member begins to edit and translate the code, so the JSP can bring vivid sex that function and fast developments need that you are efficiently.Compared with the traditional CGI, the JSP has the equal advantage. First, on the speed, the traditional procedure of CGI needs to use the standard importation of the system to output the equipments to carry out the dynamic state web page born, but the JSP is direct is mutually the connection with server. And say for the CGI, each interview needs to add to add a progress to handle, the progress build up and destroy by burning constantly and will be a not small burden for calculator of be the server of Web. The next in order, the JSP is specialized to develop but design for the Web of, its purpose is for building up according to the Web applied procedure, included the norm and the tool of a the whole set. Use the technique of JSP can combine a lot of JSP pages to become a Web application procedure very expediently.中文译文：JSP技术发展史Brian Wright Michael FreedmanJava Server Pages(JSP)是一种基于web的脚本编程技术，类似于网景公司的服务器端Java脚本语言 server-side JavaScript(SSJS)和微软的Active Server Pages(ASP)。JSP比SSJS和ASP具有更好的可扩展性，并且它不专属于任何一家厂商或某一特定的Web服务器。尽管JSP规范是由Sun公司制定的，但任何厂商都可以在自己的系统上实现JSP。 在Sun正式发布JSP(Java Server Pages)之后，这种新的Web应用开发技术很快引起了人们的关注。JSP为创建高度动态的Web应用提供了一个独特的开发环境。按照Sun的说法，JSP能够适应市场上包括Apache WebServer、IIS4.0在内的85%的服务器产品。本文将介绍JSP相关的知识，以及JavaBean的相关内容，当然都是比较粗略的介绍其中的基本内容，或者说仅仅是一个Guide，如果读者需要更详细的信息，请参考相应的JSP的书籍。A. 概述JSP(Java Server Pages)是由Sun Microsystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准，其在动态网页的建设中有其强大而特别的功能。JSP与Microsoft的ASP技术非常相似。两者都提供在HTML代码中混合某种程序代码、由语言引擎解释执行程序代码的能力。下面我们简单的对它进行介绍。JSP页面最终会转换成servler。因而，从根本上，JSP页面能够执行的任何任务都可以用servler来完成。然而，这种底层的等同性并不意味着servler和JSP页面对于所有的情况都等同适用。问题不在于技术的能力，而是二者在便利性、生产率和可维护性上的不同。毕竟，在特定平台上能够用Java编程语言完成的事情，同样可以用汇编语言来完成，但是选择哪种语言依旧十分重要。和单独使用servler相比，JSP提供下述好处：JSP中HTML的编写与维护更为简单。JSP中可以使用常规的HTML：没有额外的反斜杠，没有额外的双引号，也没有暗含的Java语法。能够使用标准的网站开发工具。即使对那些对JSP一无所知的HTML工具，我们也可以使用，因为它们会忽略JSP标签（JSP tags）。可以对开发团队进行划分。Java程序员可以致力于动态代码。Web开发人员可以将经理集中在表示层（presentation layer）上。对于大型的项目，这种划分极为重要。依据开发团队的大小，及项目的复杂程度，可以对静态HTML和动态内容进行弱分离（weaker separation）和强分离（stronger separation）。在此，这个讨论并不是让您停止使用servlets，只使用JSP。几乎所有的项目都会同时用到这两种技术。针对项目中的某些请求，您可能会在MVC构架下组合使用这两项技术。我们总是希望用适当的工具完成相对应的工作，仅仅是servlet并不能填满您的工具箱。B. JSP的由来Sun公司的JSP技术，使Web页面开发人员可以使用HTML或者XML标识来设计和格式化最终页面。使用JSP标识或者小脚本来生成页面上的动态内容(内容是根据请求来变化的)。Java Servlet是JSP技术的基础，而且大型的Web应用程序的开发需要Java Servlet和JSP配合才能完成，Servlet这个名称源于Applet，现在国内的翻译方式很多，本书为了避免误会，决定直接采用Servlet而不做任何翻译，读者如果愿意，可以称之为“小服务程序”。Servlet其实和传统的CGI、ISAPI、NS