动词的5种基本形式.ppt

动词的五种基本形式,动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去式，过去分词。如：speak-speaksspeakingspokespoken,第三人称单数变化规则a.一般情况在动词原形后加s在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为z。如：stopstopss;makemakessreadreadsz;playplayszb.以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后加es发音为iz如：teachteachesiz;watchwatchesizc.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加es读iz如：flyfliesz；carrycarrieszstudystudiesz;worryworriesd.以元音字母加y结尾的动词后加splay-plays,e.以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z如：gogoeszdodoesz下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆。如：1、dodu:doesdz2、sayseisayssez以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做iz。如：closeclosesizbe动词包括：am，is，are。第三人称单数用is；过去式为was；复数用are，过去式为were.,现在分词变化规则a.在动词后加ingwork-workingsleep-sleepingstudy-studyingb.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingtake-takingmake-makingdance-dancingc.以重读闭音节结尾的词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ingcut-cuttingput-puttingbegin-beginningd.少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加inglie-lyingtie-tyingdie-dying,规则动词的过去式变化如下：1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwanted-wantedact-acted2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-movedtaste-tastedhope-hoped3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedcopy-copiedcry-criedcarry-carried,4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。gowentmakemadegetgotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew不规则动词的过去式的构成1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote3改动词原形中的awow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）,4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood,10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是:t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buybought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhiheardh:d，sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred,15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，havehashad，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook过去式“-ed”的发音规则（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/id/音，wantwanted（要）needneeded（需要）（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/t/音。helphelped（帮助）laughlaughed（笑）looklooked（看）kisskissed（吻）washwashed（洗）watchwatched（注视）（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/d/音。callcalled（叫）staystayed（停留）crycried（哭）,过去分词变化规则动词原形加edworked,played,wanted,actedb.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变i，再加edstudiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptiedc.以e结尾的动词，直接加dlivedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwipedd.以重读闭音节结尾的词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ed.stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped,注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew,动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化AB型cancouldshallshouldwillwouldmaymightAAA型costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletmustmustmustputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutreadreadread,AAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型becomebecamebecomecomecamecomerunranrun,ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthoughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuildbuiltbuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentdigdugdughanghunghungfeelfeltfeltkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptleaveleftleftsmellsmeltsmeltspillspiltspiltlaylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldsitsatsatspitspatspatstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoiltshineshoneshonewinwonwonhavehadhadmakemademadehearheardheardfindfoundfoundholdheldheld,ABC型beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumblowblewblownflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrowndrawdrewdrawnshowshowedshownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewokewokendrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenriseroserisentaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenwritewrotewrittenam,iswasbeenarewerebeendodiddonegowentgonelielaylainseesawseenwearworeworn,易错型showshowedshowndrawdrewdrawnfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltholdheldheldhelphelpedhelpedthinkthoughtthoughtthankthankedthankedtaketooktakentalktalkedtalkedgetgotgotforgetforgotforgottenmeet