现在完成时态课件共68张PPT课件.ppt

现在完成时,ThePresentPerfectTense,一构成:,have/has+动词过去分词(pp),肯定主语+have/has+pp否定主语+have/hasnot+pp疑问Have/Has+主语+pp+其他Yes,主+have/has.No,主+havent/hasnt.,Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.ShehasbeentoEurope.ShehasntbeentoEurope.HasshebeentoEurope?Yes,shehas./No,shehasnt.,1.规则动词：与过去时变化相同。(1)一般+-edwork-worked-worked(2)以“e”结尾,+-d。live-lived-lived(3)“辅音字母+y”结尾，y变i,+-ed。cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed。drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）,动词过去分词(pp)变化规则,二含义及用法,1表示过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响和产生的结果。,常用的关键词,yet(否/疑),already已经ever/never曾经/从来不just刚刚before以前recently,lately最近inthepast/last5years过去五年bynow,sofar,uptonow,tillnow迄今once,twice一次all/inoneslife某人一生,（1）already,肯定句:“己经”,一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”,Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？(表示强调),Ivealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=Ivehadbreakfastalready.,注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.Shesalreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.,(2)yet,否定句:句末“还(没)”,疑问句:句末“己经”,Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?,Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.,注意：当在肯定句中含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。,Ihaventseenthefilmyet.,Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.,Motherhasntcleanedthehouseyet.,Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.,(3)ever,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”,IveeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?,(4)never,否定句:句中“从来没有”IveneverbeentoBeijing.,注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,将ever变never,Hehasevermademeal.,Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.,Hehasnevermademeal.,带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”,(5)just,用于句中,表示“刚刚”Ivejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?,(6)before,用于句末,表示“以前”Iveseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?,before与ago，just与justnow,before表示现在看来的“以前”，常单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用，而ago表示在过去某时间的“以前”，常用“一段时间+ago”的形式，与过去时连用；just常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词，justnow多与一般过去时连用，一般用于句末。如：,Haveyoumethimbefore?你以前见过他吗？Mybrothermetherinthestreettwodaysago.我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她。Ihavejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃过早餐。Shehadbreakfastjustnow.她刚吃了早餐。,A:_yourbrother_anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.,Keywords,Hasbought,yet,A:_youever_tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Ihave.,Keywords,Havebeen,yet,ever,I_never_ofanythinglikethat.(hear),Keywords,haveheard,yet,ever,never,Tom_inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work),Keywords,hasworked,yet,ever,never,since,A:Howlong_you_inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.,Keywords,havetaught,yet,ever,never,since,for,I_just_thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend),Keywords,havemended,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,_you_theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit),Keywords,Havevisited,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,He_already_ajob.(find),Keywords,hasfound,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,We_only_thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss),Keywords,havediscussed,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,They_over20,000fruittreesuptonow.(plant),Keywords,haveplanted,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,Greatchanges_inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace),Keywords,havetakenplace,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,He_alotofgoodthingsinhislife.(do),Keywords,hasdone,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,inhislife,I_herlately.(notsee),Keywords,haventseen,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,inhislife,lately,I_himrecently.(nothearfrom),Keywords,haventheardfrom,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,inhislife,lately,recently,He_inthiscityeversincethen.(live),Keywords,haslived,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,inhislife,lately,recently,eversincethen,He_inthishighschooltillnow.(teach),Keywords,hastaught,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,sofar,uptonow,inthepast10years,inhislife,lately,recently,eversincethen,tillnow,2.表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性,2019/12/14,35,可编辑,（1）for+,Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.Shehasworkedfor10hours.,一段时间,（2）since+,(过去的)时间点,Ihavebeenheresince2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago?TheyvelivedinCQsincetheymarriedin2000.,注1)：since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。Ihavebeenhere(ever)sincethen.,注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用howlong,Ihavelivedherefor10years.,Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?,Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.,Howlonghasshestoodhere?,注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于howlong问句中。（误）Ihaveleftfor5years.,(正)Ihavebeenawayfor5years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.,leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-,join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-,beaway(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,beover,bein/bea/an,beon,bedead,beclosed,beopen,beback,bemarried,be,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.,had,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？,beenin,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.,beenin,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,IhavegottoParisforoneweek.,beenin,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.,beenin,beenasoldier,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,IhaveleftShanghaifor3days.,beenawayfor3days.,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.,kept,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.,beenon,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.,beenover,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.,beendead,Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect,Shehasmarriedforsixyears.,beenmarried,eg.a.HehasborrowedmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(False)b.HehaskeptmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(true)a.Ihaveboughtthenewdresssincelastmonth.(false)b.Ihavehadthenewdresssincelastmonth.(true)a.Theyhaveleftforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(false)b.Theyhavebeenawayforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(true),a.Howlonghasthefilmbegin?(false)b.Howlonghasthefilmbeenon?(true)a.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasdiedforseveralyears.(false)b.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasbeendeadforseveralyears.(true)a.HehasjoinedtheLeaguesincehecametotheschool.(false)b.Hehasbeenaleaguemembersincehecametotheschool.(true),注：非延续性动词用于现在完成时,表示动作已经完成，它不能跟段时间。但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用.,TomhasleftBeijing.Hehasborrowedapenfromme.TomhasntleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004.TheyhaventboughtanynewhousesincetheymovedtoShanghai.Shehasntboughtanynewclothesforayear.,三,have/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；(去了未回来)have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；(去了已回来),have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。(状态)(曾经在，现在还在那里),Exercises,Tom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了,-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.,IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.,JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.,canyoudistinguish?,hasgoneto,havegoneto,havebeento,beento,beenin,hasbeen,四特殊句型1.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since+句子(一般过去时),e.g.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.,这本书我借了一个月了。,Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.(一般过去时),Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型1its/been+时间since+一般过去),Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.(现在完成时),AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型2时间+passedsince+一般过去时),2.被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句(that引导)中，一般用现在完成时态。,Thisisthemostdeliciousfood(that)Iveevereaten.这是我所吃过的最美味的食物。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl(that)Iveeverseen.她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘,3.Itisthefirst/secondtime+现在完成时Thisis+the最高级+名词+that+现在完成时,Thisisthefirsttime(that)Iveheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabeautifulgirlItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.ThisisthebestfilmthatIve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。,典型例题(1)-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)-Haveyou_beentoourtownbefore?-No,itsthefirsttimeI_here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome,Correcting,1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.When