车辆工程II-第1讲Introduction.ppt

铁道与城市轨道交通学院二零零七年八月十八日,车辆工程II轨道车辆设计理论,VehicleEngineeringII-RailwayVehicleDesignTheory,RailwayandUrbanMassTransitResearchInstitute,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleinter-cityvehicle,ormainlinevehiclehighspeedvehiclemetrovehiclelightrailvehiclemonorailvehiclemaglevvehicleintelligenttransportationvehicle,ByFengming2004TongjiUniversity,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleICE:,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTGV:,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicle500系：,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleX2000:,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleTR06,Introduction,Degrees-offreedom:-1bodywith5dofs=52bogieswith5dofs=104wheelsetswith2dofs=8Total=26,i.e.52states,Introduction,Introduction,DevelopmentofRailwayVehicleDesign18251960s,EmpiricalDesignPeriod19601990s,AnalyticalDesignPeriod1990current,“Mehchatronic”DesignPeriod,Introduction,EmpiricalDesign,TalentGenius,experience,prototype,improve,Veryslow,Introduction,AnalyticalDesign,ConceptDesign,SchematicDesign,PPDesign,Prototype,RunningExperiment,Customer,Scientist,Researcher,Introduction,AnalyticalDesignConceptDesign:principledesignSchematicDesignorTechnicalDesign（技术设计）：includingKinetics,Dynamicsanalysis,toEvaluatetheridequality,runningsafety,brakingability;PPdesign(施工设计)：CAD,CAM,CAE(mainlyincludingthepartsstrengthanalysis,usingFEMtechnology);Prototype:Testrigrunningtest,On-linetestevaluation;RunningTest:0.5millionKilometersrunningtest,Fatiguelifetest;Customers:Evaluationfromthepointviewofcustomers;,Introduction,MechatronicDesign,Mechanicalsystem,Trackinputs,Vehicleoutputs(acceleration,displacement,etc),Introduction,MechatronicDesign,Actuators,Sensors,Controller,Loadchanges,Bodyacceleration(minimise),Suspensiondeflection(constrain),Stability(constrain),Curvingperformance(optimise),Vehiclesystem,Trackfeatures(deterministic),Trackirregularities(stochastic),Introduction,MechatronicDesign,Introduction,MechatronicDesign,Introduction,Contentsofthislesson1.VehicleDynamics:BasicdynamicprinciplesSafetycriterionRideQuality2.StrengthAnalysisofRailwayVehicleParts:Forcesactedonparts,carbody,bogieFEManalysismethod,includingconstraints,forcesapplying,elementselection,meshingtechnique,etc.,PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics,Introduction,Damper,Secondarysuspension,Primarysuspension,PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics,Introduction,Secondarysuspension,Primarysuspension,PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics,Introduction,Bogies,PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics,Introduction,Conedwheel,Flange,Rail,Sleeper,PartI:VehicleSystemDynamics,1CausesofVehicleVibrationRelatedtotrack1.Dippedjointsofrails,1CausesofVehicleVibration,2.TrackVerticalDeflection,1CausesofVehicleVibration,3.TracklocalirregularitylateralcurvatureverticalcurvaturesuperelevationswitchrailcorrugationrailwearBallastirregularity(causedbytemperaturevariation),1CausesofVehicleVibration,4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:(yl-yr)/2Crosslevel:(zl-zr)/2alignment:(yl+yr)/2VerticalProfile:(zl+zr)/2,1CausesofVehicleVibration,4.TrackRandomirregularity,1CausesofVehicleVibration,4.TrackRandomirregularityGage:nominalgauge1435mm，,gaugewillbewidenedaccordingcurveradius（120Km/h,unbalancedvalueshouldbelessthen75g.m.,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,FlatwheelWhenwheelhasflatarea,momentumactedonwheel:,MwwheelweightV-vehiclerunningspeedItsperiodicaltime:,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset,Lateraldeflectiony,Yawangle,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset,Conedwheel,Flange,Rail,Sleeper,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset当分析自由轮对的蛇行运动时，作如下假设：1、轮对无任何约束，单独在轨道上滚动；2、钢轨顶部呈刀刃状，而且是两根平行直线；3、轮对是两个对称锥体，轮轨间无任何相对滑动；4、不计轮对上的任何作用力和惯性力；则经过推导，轮对的运动方程为：,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelsetwhere：VRunningspeed;W-angularfrequency:bhalfofwheelsetnominalrollingradiusdistancer0nominalrollingradius0effectivewheelconicity,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelsetHuntingperiodicaltime:Huntingwavelength:asbincreases,Lwincreases,soweakeristhehuntingThesametor0when0increases,Lwdecreases,sostrongeristhehunting,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelset,Thewheelsaremadeconical,thesmallercircumferenceattheouteredge.Thepairofwheelsarefixedtotheaxleandthusifanythingthrowsthewheelsintheslightestdegreetoonesidethewheelisimmediatelyrollingonalargercircumferencethantheotherandthetendencytorollbackisintroduced.Thecarriageiskeptalwaysinthemiddleofthetrack.Abeautifularrangement.Theflangesareanecessaryprecautionbuttheyoughtnevertotouchtherailandthereforetheycannotbesaidtokeepthewheelsontherails.Theyoughtnottocomeintoactionexcepttomeetanaccidental,lateralforce.,IsambardKingdomBrunelin1838:,CausesRelatedtoVehicle,HuntingofTaperedWheelsetGeorgeStephensonin1821:,Itmustunderstoodtheformofedgerailwaywheelsareconicalthatistheouterisratherlessthantheinnerdiameterabout3/16ofaninch.Thenfromasmallirregularityoftherailwaythewheelsmaybethrownalittletotherightoralittletotheleft,whentheformerhappenstherightwheelwillexposealargeandtheleftonesmallerdiametertothebearingsurfaceoftherailwhichwillcausethelattertoloosegroundoftheformerbutatthesametimeinmovingforwarditgraduallyexposesagreaterdiametertotherailwhiletherightoneonthecontraryisgraduallyexposingalesserwhichwillcauseittoloosegroundoftheleftonebutwillregainitonitsprogressashasbeendescribedalternativelygainingandloosinggroundofeachotherwhichwillcausethewheelstoproceedinanoscillatorybuteasymotionontherails,Summary,Causesofproducingvehiclevibrationinclud